Pollution
EXERCISE [PAGE 61]
Exercise | Q 1.1 | Page 61
Following are some statement about pollution which type of pollution do those express?
Fog seems to be appearing in Delhi during day hours.
Solution: Air pollution
Exercise | Q 1.2 | Page 61
Following are some statement about pollution which type of pollution do those express?
Many times, vomiting and dysentery occurs after eating 'pani puri'
Solution: Water pollution
Exercise | Q 1.3 | Page 61
Following are some statement about pollution which type of pollution do those express?
Problem of sneezing occurs sometimes during visit to garden.
Solution: Air pollution
Exercise | Q 1.4 | Page 61
Following are some statement about pollution which type of pollution do those express?
Crop does not grow up in some areas.
Solution: Soil pollution
Exercise | Q 1.5 | Page 61
Following are some statement about pollution which type of pollution do those express?
People living in the busy squares face the problems like short breathing and other
respiratory problems.
Solution: Air pollution
Exercise | Q 2 | Page 61
Read the passage and identify the sentences expressing types of pollution.
Nilesh is a student of std. VIII and lives in urban area. It takes about an hour to go to
the school by bus. He faces the heavy traffic of two wheelers, four wheelers, rickshaws,
buses while going to school. He is facng the problem of asthma since to stay away from
urban area. Since then, his mother sent him to the village of his maternal uncle. Nilesh
saw th heaps of garbage of many places in village. Foul smell of human and animal
wastes was present at many places. Blackish water with foul smell was flowing in a
stream. He devleoped some abdominal disease with in few days.
Solution: Nilesh is a student of std. VIII and lives in urban area. It takes about an hour
to go to the school by bus. He faces the heavy traffic of two wheelers, four wheelers,
rickshaws, buses (Air pollution) while going to school. He is facing the problem of
asthma (Air pollution) since to stay away from urban area. Since then, his mother sent
him to the village of his maternal uncle. Nilesh saw the heaps of garbage in many
places in village. Foul smell of human and animal wastes (Air and soil pollution) was
present at many places. Blackish water with foul smell (Water pollution) was flowing in
a stream. He devleoped some abdominal disease (Water pollution) with in few days.
Exercise | Q 3 | Page 61
Match the pairs from 'A' and 'B' columns and explain the effect of pollution on human
health.
Column 'A' Column 'B'
1. Water containing cobalt a. Mental retardedness
2. Methane gas b. Paralysis
3. Water containing lead c. Inflammation of lungs.
4. Sulphur dioxide d. Skin cancer
5. Nitrogen dixoide e. Irritation of eyes
Solution:
Column 'A' Answer
1. Water containing cobalt b. Paralysis
2. Methane gas d. Skin cancer
3. Water containing lead a. Mental retardedness
4. Sulphur dioxide e. Irritation of eyes
5. Nitrogen dixoide c. Inflammation of lungs
Exercise | Q 4.1 | Page 61
True or false.
Water does not get polluted by washing the cloths in running water of river.
1. True
2. False
Solution: False.
Exercise | Q 4.2 | Page 61
True or false
More the use of electric appliances, more wil be the pollution.
1. True
2. False
Solution: True
Exercise | Q 5.1 | Page 61
Answer the following.
What is pollution ?
Solution: Pollution is any undesirable change that takes place in the environment which
is harmful to both living and non-living things.
Exercise | Q 5.2 | Page 61
Answer the following.
What are pollution ?
Solution: Pollutants are the harmful chemicals and substances that cause pollution. For
example, nitrogen oxides, sulphur oxides, carbon monoxide, pesticides etc.
Exercise | Q 5.3 | Page 61
Answer the following.
What is acid rain ?
Solution: Gases such as sulphur dioxide, sulphur trioxide and nitrogen dioxide, when
present in air, combine with the water droplets present in the atmosphere to form acid
droplets. These droplets remain suspended in air and fall down on the earth along with
rain, thereby making the rain acidic. Such rain is called acid rain.
Exercise | Q 5.4 | Page 61
Answer the following.
What is green house effect ?
Solution: The increase in the average temperature of the earth’s surface due to the
increase in concentration of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, etc. is
called greenhouse effect.
Exercise | Q 5.5 | Page 61
Answer the following.
Which are visible pollution known as you ?
Solution: Pollutants which are visible to our naked eyes are called visible pollutants.
For example, sewage, plant and animal wastes, pesticides, plastic, sand etc.
Exercise | Q 5.6 | Page 61
Answer the following.
Which are invisible pollutions ?
Solution: Invisible pollutants are pollutants which are not visible to our naked eyes. For
example, fungi, viruses, bacteria, gases like carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide etc.
Exercise | Q 6.1 | Page 61
Answer the following
Give are examples of each of water, soil and air pollution from your residential area.
Solution: Sources of air pollution:
1. Burning of fuel like wood, kerosene.
Vehicular emissions from automobiles.
2. Sources of water pollution:
3. Washing of clothes in flowing water bodies.
Release of domestic sewage into water bodies.
4. Sources of soil pollution:
5. Spraying of pesticides and insecticides on plants.
Mixing of wastes of animals and plants.
Exercise | Q 6.2 | Page 61
Answer the following
How does the pollution occur due to vehicles ? Give the names of vehicles causing
least pollution.
Solution: Most of the vehicles are run on fossil fuels like petrol and diesel. These fossil
fuels are burnt in vehicles to produce energy which results in the production of smoke.
This smoke conatins harmful gases like carbon monoxide, hydrogen, nitrogen oxide,
particulate matter, ammonia and sulphur dioxide.
There are various other kinds of vehicles which cause least or no pollution at all, for
example. bicycle, vehicles run on CNG, electric cars, metro etc.
Exercise | Q 6.3 | Page 61
Answer the following
What are natural reasons for water pollution.
Solution: The natural reasons of water pollution are :
• Presence of aquatic weeds which depletes the oxygen content of water bodies.
• Excessive algal growth.
• Mud and sludge which are added to water bodies due to river currents and their
diversions.
• Growth of microbes like bacteria and fungi on dead and decaying matter present
in water bodies.
Exercise | Q 6.4 | Page 61
Answer the following
Suggest four preventive measures for air pollution.
Solution: Some of the measures that can be taken to prevent air pollution are as
follows:
(i) Use of clean fuels such as CNG, LPG and unleaded petrol in public and private
transport.
(ii) Use of renewable sources of energy such as solar, wind, and hydel energy.
(iii) Planting more and more trees to prevent pollution.
(iv) Preventing burning of dry leaves and using them in composting.
Exercise | Q 6.5 | Page 61
Answer the following
Explain relation between green house effect and global warming.
Solution: Greenhouse gases such as CO2, methane, etc. are gases that absorb the
heat of the Sun and the Earth and emit it back to the Earth’s surface. Thus, these gases
prevent a part of the heat rays from escaping into the atmosphere. This cycle is
repeated several times to maintain the Earth’s temperature to an optimum temperature
of 15°C. Therefore, upto a normal level, greenhouse gases help in maintaining the
temperature on the Earth.
However, the concentration of these gases has increased because of increased
industrialization, which has lead to the heating up of the Earth’s surface. As a result, the
overall temperature of the Earth has increased, resulting in climatic changes. During the
last century, the temperature of the Earth has increased by 0.6°C. This has lead to
global warming.
The greenhouse effect can be controlled by reducing the use of fossil fuels. Fossil fuels
produce greenhouse gases on burning.
Exercise | Q 6.6 | Page 61
Answer the following
Construct two slogans each on air, water and soil pollution.
Solution: It is an activity based question. Kindly do it yourself.
Exercise | Q 7 | Page 61
Classify the following pollutions into natural and manmade categories.
Sewage, dust, pollen grains, chemical fertilizers, vehicular smoke, algae, pesticides,
waste of animals and birds.
Solution:
Category
Pollutant
Sewage Man made
Dust Natural
Pollen grains Natural
Chemical fertilizers Man made
Vehicular smoke Man made
Algae Natural
Pesticides Man made
Waste of animal and plants Natural