MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE

1
INTRODUCTION
Nucleic acid is the polymer of monomers called
(a) Nucleosides (b) Nucleotides (c) Nucleosomes (d) Heterocyclic nitrogenous bases
2 Consider the given statements:
() DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid - is the genetic
material, at least for the majority of organisms.
(ii) RNA though it also acts as a genetic material
in some viruses, mostly functions as a
(iü) RNA can function as an adapter, structural, messenger.
and in some cases as a catalytic molecule.
(a) Only () and (i) are correct
(b)Only ()and (ii) are correct
(c) Only (ii) and (ii) are correct
(d)(), (ii) and (ii) are correct
3 The determinationof complete nucleotide sequenceof
human genome during last decade set a new era of:
(a) Froteomics (b)Genetics (c) Genomics (d) Molecular genetics
THE DNA
1 ldentify the incorrectly matched pair:
Organism Length of DNA
(a) Bacteriophage o 174 5386 base pairs
(b)Bacteriophage Lambda 48502 base pairs
(c) Escherichia coli 4 X 106 base pairs
(d) Human beings 3.3 X 10 base pairs
2. A nucleotide consists of all except:
(a) Anitrogenous base (b) A pentose sugar
(c) Aphosphate group (d) Nucleolin
3 Allof the following nitrogenous bases are common to both DNA and RNA except
(a) Adenine (b) Guanine (c) Cytosine (d) Uracil
4
Which of the following is a pyrimidine base found in DNA?
(a) Adenine (b)Guanine (c) Uracil (d) Cytosine
5 Which of the following would be nucleoside found only in RNA?
(a) Thymidine (b) Cytidine (c) Uridine (d) Adenosine
6
What is another name for thymine?
(a) 5- bromouracil (b)3- bromouracil (c) 3- methyl uracil (d) 5 - methyl uracil
7
At which positionin the ribose is an additional-OHpresent [with respect to Deoxyribose]?
(a) 1' (b) 2' (c) 3' (d) 5
8
Which of the following pairs is incorrectly matched?
(a) Purines -Adenine &Guanine
(b) Pyrimidines - Cytosine and thymine
(c) Nucleosides - Adenosine, cytodine,thymidine
(d) DNA - Macromolecule with basic chemical nature
9
Deoxythymidine is:
(a) a substituted pyrimidine found only in DNA
(b) a nucleoside monophosphate found only in DNA
(c) a nucleoside found in DNA
(d) anucleotide formed by chemical modification in a RNA nucleotide

DR. 135 DR
 Molecular Basis 0f Inheritance
10. To formanucleoside, a nitrogenous base is linked to
pentose sugar:.
(a) Through a P-Glycosidic linkage at carbon atom
number 1
(b) Through a P-Glycosidic linkage at carbon atom
number 5
(c) Through an N-Glycosidic linkage at carbon atom number 1
(d) Through an N-Glycosidic linkage at carbon atom number 5
11. In astrand of nucleic acid, two nucleotides are
linked together by:
(a)3'-5 phosphodiester bond (b) 5' -3' phosphodiester bond
(c) 2'-5 phosphodiester bond (d) 3'- 1' phosphodiester bond
12. In double helix of DNA, there are sUgar phosphate back-bones with bases projected
(a) Outwardly (b)Outwardly and inwardly
(c) Inwardly (d) Interpolated
13. DNAand RNA differ by:
(a) N -bases and sugar (b) N - bases and phosphate group
(c) Number of carbon - atoms in
sugar (d) Sugar and phosphate groups
14. Purines found both in DNA and RNA are
(a) Adenine and Thymine (b) Adenine and Guanine
(c) Guanine and Cytosine (d) Cytosine and thymine
15. Find out the number of phosphodiester bonds (PDB) and N-glycosidic bonds (NGB) in the polynucleotide chain
provided below:.

5' phosphate

IO
H
H

IO
H
H

IO
H
H
'hygroxyl
OH
H
A T
G C

(a) PDB = 4, NGB = 4 (b) PDB =3, NGB =3 (c) PDB=4, NGB =3 (d) PDB=3, NGB = 4
16. What would not be true for the structure ofa polynucleotide chain?
(a) 5' -end of polynucleotide chain has a free phosphate moiety at 5' -end of sugar.
(b) 3' -end of polynucleotide chain has a free OH group 3'-C of sugar.
(c) The backbone of a polynucleotide chain is formed due to sugars and phosphates.
(d)The nitrogenous bases linked to phosphate moiety project from the backbone
17. DNAas an acidic substance present in nucleuswas first identified in 1869 and
named as 'Nuclein' by a scientist.
What is the name of scientist?
(a) Wilkins (b) Meischer (c) Crick (d) Chargaff
18. In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick, proposed a very simple but
of DNA, based on the X-ray diffraction data produced by: famous Double Helix modelfor the structure
(a) Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin
(b) Beadle and Tatum
(c) Temin and Baltimore
(d) Avery- MacLeod-MacCarty
19. Which of the follovwing can edetermined directly from X-ray diffraction photograph of
(a) Diameter of helix crystallized DNA?
(b) Rate of replication
(c) Sequence of nucleotides
(d) Frequency of AvsTnucleotides
 Molecular Basis 0f Inheritance
20. Accordingto the EwinChargaff, in a double-stranded DNA
(a) The ratios between Adenine and Thymine. and.
Guanine and Cytosine are constant and equal.
(b)The ratios between Adenine and Thymine, and Guanine
andCytosine are constant but are not eqdal to oi
(c) The ratios between Adenine andGuanine, and.
Thymine and Cytosine are constant andequal.
(d) The ratios between Adenine andGuanine. and. Thymine and
Cvtosine are constant but are notequal to oe.
21. Consider the folloWing points regardingChargaffs rule for a double
)The sum of Purines is equal to sum of helix model of DNA.
(Il) A+C =T+G
Pyrimidines. () AT = 1and G/C =1
(IV) A+G= T+C (V) A+G IT+C = 1 (VI) A+T/G+C = 1
Which of the above is not according to the rule
(a) land II (b) Only VI (c) || & V (d) Only V
22. Watson and Crick gave famous double helix model for the structure of DNA in 1953 and
DNA Model was based on got Nobel prize in 1962. Their
(0) X-ray diffraction studies of DNA by Wilkins and Franklin.
(I1) Chargaff sbase equivalence rule.
(lU) Griffith's transformation experiment.
(IV) Meselson and Stahl's experiment.
Choose the correct options.
(a) |,Iland IV (b) I& I| (c) Ill &V (d) I, I1, IIl&V
23. In DNA youfind which type(S) of bond
A. Phosphodiester [Link] C. Hydrogen D. N- Glycosidic bond
(a) C, D (b) A, B, C, D (c) B, C, D (d) A, B, C
24 If each strand of a dsDNA acts as a template for a new strand, the two daughter DNAS will be
(a) Complementary to each other (b) ldentical to the parental DNA
(c) Similar to each other (d) Complementary to the parental DNA
25 The base pairing confers a very unique property to DNA because
(a) Base pairing ensures the accurate replication of DNA
(b) Base pairing ensures that genetic information is accurately transferred from DNA to RNA.
(c) both a and b
(d) Base pairing ensures that DNA must resides in nucleus of the cell only.
26. Given figure represents the DNA double helix model as proposed by Watson and Crick (1953).
Select the option that shows correct measurement of A, Band C.
5

P.

A
B

5 P3
,-3
(a) A- 3,4 nm, B- 0.34 nm, C-2 nm, P, -3', P, = 5-P%
(b) A- 34 nm, B- 3.4 nm. C- 20 nm, P,=3, P, - 5

(C) A-3.4 , B- 0.34 , C- 20 À, P3 -5

(d) A- 34 Å, B- 3.4 À, C- 2 , P =5, P
|Molecular Basis 0f Inheritance
27. Characteristic(s) of most DNA is / are -
A. A
pairs with Tby 2 hydrogen bonds B. Antipolarity of complementary chains
C. 20 diameter D. 10bps / turn
E. G pairs with C by 3 hydrogen bonds
(a) A, C Only (b) A, B, C, D and E (c) B, C, D Only (d) A, B, Cand E only
28. The length of DNA having 23 base pairs is
(a) 78 (b) 78.4 (c) 74.8 ¢ (d) 78.2
29. Which of the following is not a feature of the double helix model of DNA?
(a) The two chains have anti-parallel polarity. (b) Apurine always comes opposite to apyrimidine.
(c) The pitch of DNA is 3.4 nm. (d) The two chains are coiled in a left handed fashion usually
30. Howmany of the given features are true for of the double helical structure of DNA?
I. Itis made of two polynucleotide chains.
II. The backbone is constituted by sugar and phosphate.
II. The two chains have an anti-parallel polarity.
[Link] bases in two strands are paired through hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) forming base pairs (bp).
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
31. The plane of one base pair stacks over the other in DNA double helix. This provides
(a) Anti-parallel nature to DNA. (b) Uniform length to DNA
(c) Uniform width to DNA (d) Additional stability to DNA.
32. The two strands of a DNA molecule are held together by
(a) H-bonds (b) Phosphate bonds (c) Protein coat (d) Amino acids
33. One of the hallmarks of Watson and Crick proposition for DNA structure was
(a) Base pairing between the two strands of polynucleotide chains.
(b) The discovery of nitrogenous bases.
(c) The presence of ribonucleotides
(d) Allof the above
34. The DNA double helix has uniform diameter due to specific pairing between :
(a)Purines and Purines (b) Pyrimidines and Pyrimidines
(c) Adenine and Guanine (d) Purines and Pyrimidines.
35. Consider thefollowing statements:
L. In DNA one chain has the polarity5' 3., the other has 3' ’ 5.
II. The proposition of a double helix structure for DNA and its simplicity in explaining the genetic implication became
revolutionary.
[Link] stability of DNA isprimarily provided by H-bonds and base stacking.
How many statement/s is or are correct?
(a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 0
36. The percentage of adenine in DNA isolated from human liver is observed to be 30.7 %, What is the expected
percentage of thymine, guanine and cytosine?
(a) T= 19.3%. G = 19.3%, C=30.7% (b) T =19.3%. G =30.7%, C=19.39%
(c) T= 30.7%. G = 19.3%, C= 30.7% (d) T= 30.7%. G =19.3%,C= 19.3%
A+G 3 A+G
37. If in one of the stra