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SEO Strategies for Effective Content

Home science 1st paper hsc

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
6 views9 pages

SEO Strategies for Effective Content

Home science 1st paper hsc

Uploaded by

Taehyung Kim
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

GBPGmwm ● Mvn©¯’¨ weÁvb (1g cÎ) ● Aa¨vqwfwËK mv‡Rkb I m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœvËi

6ô Aa¨vq: Avevm¯’vb cwiKíbv


1. gvwjnv Zvi gv‡qi Kv‡Q M…‡ni cª‡qvRbxqZv m¤ú‡K© m`m¨iv evwowU‡Z emevm K‡i cª‡qvRbxq my‡hvM-
Rvb‡Z PvB‡j Zvi gv Zv‡K welqwU eywS‡q myweav †fvM Ki‡Z cvi‡Q|
ej‡jb| wZwb gvwjnv‡K e‡jb, G evmvwU fvov N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ gvwjnv Zvi gv‡qi Kv‡Q M…‡ni
†bIqvi mgq wZwb wewfbœ welq j¶ K‡iwQ‡jb| cª‡qvRbxqZv m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z PvB‡j Zvi gv Zv‡K
d‡j GLb mevB Zvi myweav †fvM Ki‡Z cvi‡Q| welqwU eywS‡q e‡jb|
K. M…n Avgv‡`i wK‡mi wbivcËv †`q? evmM…n ev Avevm¯’j gvby‡li †gŠwjK Pvwn`v¸‡jvi
L. kni I Mªvgv‡ji M…‡ni ga¨Kvi cv_©K¨ g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg GKwU Pvwn`v| mvivw`‡bi Kg©e¨¯ÍZv
†jL| †k‡l gvby‡li †hLv‡b wekªvg I wbivcËv cvq ZvB
M. gvwjnv‡`i cwievi Kxfv‡e myweav †fvM M…n wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| M…n Avgv‡`i Rxeb I
K‡i P‡j‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| m¤ú‡`i wbivcËv †`q| M…n †iv`, e…wó, So BZ¨vw`
N. gvwjnv‡K Zvi gv †h welqwU eywS‡q ej‡jb cªvK…wZK `y‡h©vM n‡Z i¶v K‡i| M…n Avgv‡`i
†m m¤ú‡K© gZvgZ `vI| e¨w³MZ †MvcbxqZv i¶v K‡i| Avgv‡`i mK‡ji
1 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi ¯^v¯’¨ i¶v K‡i I my¯’ Rxebhvc‡b mnvqZv K‡i|
K. M…n Avgv‡`i Rxeb I m¤ú‡`i wbivcËv †`q| ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡bi wewfbœ KvRKg©, †hgb- Lv`¨ ˆZwi,
L. kni I Mªvgv‡ji M…‡ni g‡a¨ †ekwKQy cv_©K¨ †`Lv covvïbv, Avivg, cwi®‹vi cwi”QbœZv, Mí¸Re,
hvq| mvaviYZ kniv‡ji evwo BU, wm‡g›U, iW †gngvb`vwi BZ¨vw` mKj KvR Avgiv M…‡nB
w`‡q ˆZwi nq| c¶všÍ‡i, Mªvgv‡ji evwo wUb, m¤úv`b Kwi I mvivw`‡bi Kg©e¨¯ÍZvi ci M…‡nB
evuk, Qb w`‡q ˆZwi nq| eZ©gv‡b Mªv‡g cvKv evwo Avgiv Avivg Abyfe Kwi| M…n mvgvwRKZv I
†`Lv †M‡jI KvuPvevwoi msL¨vB †ewk| Avi kn‡i cvwievwiK eÜb i¶vi †¶‡Î ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv
KvuPvevwo Lye GKUv †`Lv hvq bv ej‡jB P‡j| cvjb K‡i| M…n cwi‡ek n‡ZB Avgv‡`i g~j¨‡eva,
M. DÏxc‡Ki gvwjnvi gv evwo wbe©vP‡bi cª‡qvRbxq j¶¨ I gvb wba©vwiZ nq| M…n gvbyl‡K mf¨ mgvR
welq¸‡jv AZ¨šÍ `¶Zvi mv‡_ ch©‡e¶Y K‡i evwo M‡o Zyj‡Z mnvqZv K‡i Ges gvbyl‡K ci¯ú‡ii
wbe©vPb K‡i‡Qb e‡j Zv‡`i cwievi emev‡mi e܇b Ave× K‡i kw³kvjx mgvR I †`k MV‡b
wewfbœ myweav †fvM Ki‡Z cvi‡Q| mnvqZv K‡i| eÜyevÜe, AvZ¥xq¯^Rb, cvov-
evmM…n gvby‡li Avkªq¯’j Ges gv_v †MvuRvi VvuB| cªwZ‡ekx I cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡`i mv‡_ ggZvi
G evmM…n Avgv‡`i bvbv cª‡qvRb c~iY K‡i| e܇b Ave× ivL‡Z mnvqZv K‡i M…n| d‡j
†hgb- mvgvwRK, gvbwmK, kvixwiK BZ¨vw`| Gme ci¯ú‡ii cªwZ wek¦vm I AvbyMZ¨ e…w× cvq Ges
Pvwn`v hv‡Z c~iY nq †mRb¨ evwo wbe©vPb Ki‡Z AvZ¥Z…wß jvf nq| M…n m¤ú‡K© Gme cª‡qvRbxqZvi
nq weP¶YZvi mv‡_| DÏxc‡Ki gvwjnvi gv K_vB DÏxc‡Ki gvwjnvi gv gvwjnv‡K eywS‡q
GKRb weP¶Y gwnjv| wZwb evwo fvov †bIqvi ej‡jb |
mgq cwiev‡ii cª‡qvRbxqZv, Avq, cwiev‡ii
m`m¨msL¨v Zv‡`i Kg©ZrciZv, eqm, cªwZ‡ekx, 2. Rbve AvRgj †nv‡mb GKRb e¨emvqx| wZwb Zvi
†hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’vi mnRjf¨Zv BZ¨vw` welq¸‡jv †`vKv‡bi KvQvKvwQ d¬¨vU wK‡b‡Qb Ges cwievi
we‡ePbvq †i‡LwQ‡jb| cvkvcvwk evwowU k³ f~wgi wb‡q †mLv‡b evm Ki‡Qb| wZwb AvevwmK GjvKv
Ici Aew¯’Z wKbv Ges Rwgi AvqZb, AvKvi †`‡L d¬¨vU wK‡b‡Qb wVKB, wKš‘ Zvi †Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i
BZ¨vw` wel‡qi cªwZ j¶ †i‡LwQ‡jb| evwowUi ¯‹y‡j hvZvqv‡Z A‡bK mgm¨v n‡q hv‡”Q| d‡j
Pvicv‡ki cªvK…wZK †mŠ›`h©, evwoi mvwf©wms myweav Zviv kvixwiK K¬vwšÍRwbZ bvbv ai‡bi mgm¨vi
wVK Av‡Q wKbv Zv we‡ePbv K‡ib| GQvov wk¶v m¤§yLxb n‡”Q|
cªwZôvb, hvZvqvZ myweav, nvmcvZvj, e¨vsK, K. cwievi‡K †K›`ª K‡i Kx M‡o I‡V?
gmwR`, cvK© I Ab¨vb¨ mvgvwRK my‡hvM-myweav L. gvbyl cwievi MVb K‡i †Kb?
wVKg‡Zv cvIqv hv‡e wKbv Gme wel‡qi cªwZI M. AvRgj mv‡ne Avevm¯’j we‡ePbvq †Kvb
wZwb `…wó iv‡Lb| hvi d‡j Zvi cwiev‡ii mKj welqwU‡K cªvavb¨ w`‡q‡Qb? e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. AvRgj mv‡ne hw` Avevm¯’j wbe©vP‡bi mKj mv‡_ we‡ePbv K‡ibwb e‡j Zvi †Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i
welq‡K cªvavb¨ w`‡Zb Z‡e Zvi †Q‡j‡g‡qiv ¯‹y‡j hvZvqvZ Ki‡Z A‡bK mgm¨v n‡”Q Ges Zviv
mgm¨vq covZ bv- gšÍe¨wUi h_v_©Zv hvPvB Ki| kvixwiK K¬vwšÍRwbZ bvbv ai‡bi mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb
2 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi n‡”Q| AvRgj mv‡ne hw` †Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i ¯‹yj-
K. cwievi‡K †K›`ª K‡i M‡o I‡V M…n ev Avevmb| K‡j‡Ri KvQvKvwQ we‡ePbv K‡i evm¯’vb wba©viY
L. gvbyl mgvRe×fv‡e emevm Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ cwievi Ki‡Zb Z‡e Zviv GZ mgm¨vq covZ bv|
MVb K‡i| gvbyl m½wcªq I mgvRe× Rxe| gvbyl Avevm¯’j wbe©vP‡bi mgq †hme welq we‡ePbv
GKv emevm Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ Ki‡Z nq Zvi g‡a¨ GwUI GKwU| wKš‘ AvRgj
gvby‡li Ac‡ii mvwbœa¨ cª‡qvRb c‡o| Avi G mv‡ne Avevm¯’j wbe©vP‡bi mKj welq‡K cªvavb¨
cª‡qvRbxqZv †_‡KB gvbyl cwievi MVb K‡i| †`bwb| e‡jB Zvi †Q‡j‡g‡qiv kvixwiK
cwiev‡ii mv‡_ GK‡Î emevm Kivi gva¨‡g gvbyl K¬vwšÍRwbZ bvbv ai‡bi mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb | hw` wZwb
Zvi m½ Lyu‡R †bq| G cwievi‡K †K›`ª K‡iB M‡o mKj welq‡K cªvavb¨ w`‡Zb Z‡e G cwiw¯’wZ n‡Zv
I‡V M…n ev Avevmb | bv| ZvB ejv hvq, cª‡kœi gšÍe¨wU h_v_©|
M. AvRgj mv‡ne Avevm¯’j we‡ePbvq AvevwmK
GjvKvi welqwU‡K cªvavb¨ w`‡q‡Qb| 3. wejwKm †eM‡gi ¯^vgx e¨emvqx| e¨emvi Kv‡R
gvby‡li †gŠwjK Pvwn`v¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Avevm¯’j Zv‡K wewfbœ mgq †`‡ki evB‡i †h‡Z nq| wejwKm
Ab¨Zg| gvbyl †hLv‡b evm K‡i ev Avevmb M‡o †eMg Zvi me Aj¼vi e¨vs‡Ki jKv‡iB iv‡Lb|
†Zv‡j †mUvB nq Zvi Avevm¯’j ev M…n| Avi G Avi evmvi wmÜy‡KI wZwb bM` UvKv 20,000-Gi
Avevm¯’‡ji Rb¨ GjvKv wbe©vPb Kivi †¶‡Î wewfbœ †ewk iv‡Lb bv| Zvi e¨w³MZ m¤ú`‡K wZwb
welq‡K we‡ePbvq ivL‡Z nq| DÏxc‡Ki AvRgj Gfv‡eB myiw¶Z iv‡Lb|
mv‡ne AvevwmK GjvKvq d¬¨vU µq Ki‡jI Zvi K. eZ©gv‡b kniv‡ji gvbyl Kx µ‡q †ewk
†Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i hvZvqv‡Z †ek Amyweavi m…wó n‡”Q| Drmvnx?
d‡j Zviv kvixwiK K¬vwšÍmn AviI bvbv mgm¨vi L. MªvgvÂj I kniv‡ji evwo¸‡jv †Kgb
m¤§yLxb n‡”Q| Avevm M‡o †Zvjvi †¶‡Î †hme nq?
welq ¸iæ‡Z¡i mv‡_ we‡ePbv Ki‡Z nq Zvi g‡a¨ M. DÏxcKwU M…‡ni †Kvb cª‡qvRbxqZvi
Ab¨Zg n‡jv GjvKvwU AvevwmK nIqv| †Kbbv w`KwU‡K Bw½Z K‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki|
evwYwR¨K ev wkí GjvKv emev‡mi Rb¨ N. DÏxcKwU M…‡ni cª‡qvRbxqZv m¤ú‡K©
Avivg`vqK bq| DÏxc‡Ki AvRgj mv‡neI mvwe©K aviYv cª`vb Ki‡Z cv‡iwb- we‡kølY
AvevwmK GjvKvq d¬¨vU wK‡b‡Qb| A_©vr wZwb Ki|
GjvKvwU AvevwmK wKbv G welqwU‡K Av‡M 3 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi
we‡ePbvq †i‡L‡Qb| K. eZ©gv‡b kniv‡ji gvbyl d¬¨vU µ‡q †ewk
ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki AvRgj mv‡ne Zvi Drmvnx|
Avevm¯’j wba©vi‡Yi †¶‡Î AvevwmK GjvKvi L. MªvgvÂj I kniv‡ji evwo¸‡jvi aib Avjv`v
welqwU‡KB cªvavb¨ w`‡q‡Qb| n‡q _v‡K| Avgv‡`i †`‡k knivT‡ji evwo BU,
N. AvRgj mv‡ne Zvi Avevm¯’j wbe©vP‡bi †¶‡Î wm‡g›U, iW w`‡q ˆZwi eûZj wewkó nq|
mKj welq‡K cªvavb¨ bv †`Iqvi Kvi‡YB Zvi Mªvgv‡ji evwo¸‡jv ˆZwi nq wUb, Qb, evuk
†Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i mgm¨vq cov‡Z n‡”Q| BZ¨vw`, Øviv| Z‡e eZ©gv‡b Mªvgv‡j A‡bK BU,
Avevm¯’j gvby‡li †gŠwjK Pvwn`v¸‡jvi g‡a¨ wm‡g‡›Ui ˆZwi evwoI †`Lv hvq| MªvgvÂj I
Ab¨Zg| Avgiv Rwg µq K‡i evmM…n wbg©vY Kwi kniv‡ji evwo¸‡jv MVbMZ w`K †_‡K Avjv`v
ev d¬¨vU µq Kwi| Avevi fvov evmv‡ZI Avevm n‡q _v‡K| Z‡e evm¯’vb kn‡i †nvK wKsev Mªv‡g,
M‡o Zywj| Avevm M‡o †Zvjvi †¶‡Î GjvKv Avgv‡`i cª‡qvRb †gUv‡bvi Rb¨ me ai‡bi
wbe©vP‡bi mgq †ekwKQy wel‡qi w`‡K †Lqvj evm¯’vbB mgvb Dc‡hvMx|
ivL‡Z nq| Ab¨_vq bvbv mgm¨vi m…wó nq| M. DÏxcKwU M…‡ni Rxeb I m¤ú‡`i wbivcËv `v‡bi
DÏxc‡Ki AvRgj †nv‡mb AvevwmK GjvKv †`‡L cª‡qvRbxqZvi w`KwU‡K Bw½Z K‡i|
d¬¨vU wK‡b‡Qb| wKš‘ Ab¨vb¨ welq¸‡jv‡K ¸iæ‡Z¡i
evmM…n knivj wKsev MªvgvÂj †h‡Kv‡bv ¯’v‡bB n‡Z M…n cwi‡ek †_‡K Ges m‡e©vcwi M…nB gvbyl‡K mf¨
cv‡i| Z‡e GwU Avgv‡`i cª‡qvRb¸‡jv‡K mgvR M‡o Zyj‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| DcwiD³
GKBfv‡e wgwU‡q _v‡K| Avgv‡`i Rxeb I m¤ú` cª‡qvRbxqZvi w`K¸‡jv DÏxc‡Ki †cªw¶‡Z
wbivc` _v‡K evmM…‡ni Af¨šÍ‡iB| cª‡Z¨K Abycw¯’Z|
gvby‡li Rxe‡bB evmM…‡ni cª‡qvRbxqZv ZvB ejv hvq, M…‡ni cª‡qvRbxqZv m¤ú‡K© mwVK
Acwimxg| DÏxc‡K j¶ Kiv hvq wejwKm †eM‡gi aviYv w`‡Z cv‡iwb DÏxcKwU |
NUbv| Zvi ¯^vgx‡K e¨emvi Kv‡R wewfbœ mg‡q
†`‡ki evB‡i †h‡Z nq wejwKm †eMg Zvi me 4. cªZxK‡`i cwiev‡ii m`m¨msL¨v 4 Rb| Gi g‡a¨
Aj¼vi e¨vs‡Ki jKv‡iB iv‡Lb| evmvi wmÜy‡K gvÎ 2 Rb Avq K‡ib| m¤cÖwZ Zviv GKwU RvqMvq
wZwb 20,000-Gi †ewk bM` UvKv iv‡Lb bv| Zvi evmv fvov †bIqvi wPšÍv Ki‡Qb| G D‡Ï‡k¨ Zviv
e¨w³MZ m¤ú` Gfv‡eB M…‡n myiw¶Z _v‡K| M…‡ni evmv †`L‡Z †M‡jb| G‡¶‡Î Zviv Zv‡`i mvg_¨©
wewfbœ cª‡qvRbxqZvi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg n‡jv Rxeb I Ges Kg©ZrciZvi welqwU‡K cªvavb¨ w`‡qB evmv
m¤ú‡`i wbivcËv cª`vb Kiv| M…‡ni Af¨šÍ‡iB LyuR‡Z jvM‡jb|
Avgiv Avgv‡`i m¤ú`¸‡jv‡K wbivc` ivL‡Z K. M…n cwi‡ek †_‡KB gvby‡li Kx M‡o I‡V?
cvwi| DÏxc‡Ki wejwKm †eM‡gi NUbvqI G L. ci¯ú‡ii cªwZ wek¦vm I AvbyMZ¨ e…wׇZ
welqwU j¶ Kiv hvq| wZwb Zvi evwoi wmÜy‡KB M…n Kxfv‡e mvnvh¨ K‡i?
Zvi A_© msiw¶Z iv‡Lb| A_©vr Zvi m¤ú‡`i M. DÏxc‡Ki cªZxK‡`i cwievi evwo
wbivcËv cª`vb Ki‡Q Zvi M…n| M…n †h Avgv‡`i wbe©vP‡bi †¶‡Î †hme wel‡qi cªwZ ¸iæZ¡
Rxeb I m¤ú‡`i wbivcËv †`q †m welqwUB w`‡q‡Q †m¸‡jv e¨vL¨v Ki|
cªgvwYZ nq DÏxc‡Ki wijwKm †eM‡gi NUbv N. DÏxc‡Ki cªZxK‡`i evwo wbe©vP‡bi †¶‡Î
†_‡K| cwiev‡ii cª‡qvRbxqZvi w`KwUI we‡ePbv
ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxcKwU M…‡ni wbivcËvRwbZ Ki‡Z n‡e- gšÍe¨wUi h_v_©Zv hvPvB Ki|
cª‡qvRbxqZvi w`KwU‡KB Bw½Z K‡i| 4 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi
N. DÏxcKwU M…‡ni cª‡qvRbxqZvi GKwU w`K‡K K. M…n cwi‡ek †_‡KB gvby‡li g~j¨‡eva M‡o I‡V|
Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z cvi‡jI mKj w`K‡K Zy‡j ai‡Z L. M…n mvgvwRKZv I cvwievwiK eÜb i¶vi †¶‡Î
cv‡iwb| f~wgKv ivLvi gva¨‡g ci¯ú‡ii cªwZ wek¦vm I
evmM…n †hgbB †nvK bv †Kb Zv Avgv‡`i Avcb AvbyMZ¨ e…wׇZ mvnvh¨ K‡i| cªwZwU gvby‡li Rb¨B
Avevm¯’j| GwU Avgv‡`i bvbvwea cª‡qvRb c~iY evmM…‡ni h‡_ó cª‡qvRbxqZv i‡q‡Q| M…n Avgv‡`i
K‡i _v‡K| cªwZwU gvby‡liB wbR¯^ wKQy cª‡qvRb eÜyevÜe, AvZ¥xq¯^Rb, cvov-cªwZ‡ekx I
_v‡K hv evmM…‡ni gva¨‡g c~iY Kiv n‡q _v‡K| cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡`i mv‡_ mgZvi e܇b Ave×
DÏxc‡Ki wejwKm †eM‡gi †¶‡Î M…‡ni ivL‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| Gfv‡eB M…n ci¯ú‡ii cªwZ
wbivcËvRwbZ cª‡qvRbxqZvi w`KwU cªwZdwjZ wek¦vm I AvbyMZ¨ e…wׇZ mvnvh¨ K‡i _v‡K|
n‡q‡Q| wZwb Zvi evwoi wmÜy‡K †h bM` UvKv Rgv M. DÏxc‡Ki cªZxK‡`i cwievi evwo wbe©vP‡bi †¶‡Î
iv‡Lb Zv Zvi m¤ú‡`i wbivcËv cª`v‡b M…‡ni †hme wel‡qi cªwZ ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q‡Q †m¸‡jv n‡jv
cª‡qvRbxqZvi w`KwU‡K Dc¯’vcb K‡i| wKš‘ M…‡ni cwiev‡ii Avq Ges cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡`i aib|
AviI A‡bK cª‡qvRbxq w`K i‡q‡Q| †hgb- M…n evwo wbe©vP‡bi †¶‡Î †ekwKQy wel‡qi w`‡K †Lqvj
Avgv‡`i †iv`e…wó †_‡K myi¶v cª`vb K‡i, Avgv‡`i ivLv Avek¨K| Gme welq we‡ePbv bv Ki‡j
e¨w³MZ †MvcbxqZvI M…‡ni gva¨‡g iw¶Z nq, cieZ©x‡Z cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡`i bvbv ai‡bi mgm¨vi
mvivw`b Kg©e¨¯ÍZvi ci M…n Avivg Kivi †K›`ª¯j ’ gy‡LvgywL n‡Z nq| evwo wbe©vP‡bi †¶‡Î †hme
wn‡m‡e M…nxZ nq Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q, M…n cwiev‡ii wel‡qi w`‡K †Lqvj ivL‡Z nq Zvi g‡a¨ cwiev‡ii
mK‡ji ¯^v¯’¨ i¶v K‡i Ges my¯’ Rxebhvc‡b m`m¨‡`i Avq Ges Zv‡`i Kg©ZrciZv Ab¨Zg|
mnvqZv K‡i, ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡bi wewfbœ KvRKg© DÏxc‡Ki cªZxK‡`i cwievi Zv‡`i Avq Ges
Avgiv M…‡n m¤úv`b Kwi, mvgvwRKZv I cvwievwiK cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡`i Kg©ZrciZvi wel‡qi IciB
eÜb i¶vi †¶‡ÎI M…n ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv †i‡L ¸iæZ¡ cª`vb K‡i‡Q| DÏxc‡K †`Lv hvq, cªZxK‡`i
_v‡K, gvby‡li g~j¨‡eva, j¶¨ I gvb wba©vwiZ nq cwiev‡ii m`m¨msL¨v n‡jv 4 Rb| G‡`i g‡a¨
gvÎ 2 Rb Avq K‡ib| m¤cÖwZ Zviv GKwU cwiwPZ cwi‡ek †Q‡o †h‡Z Pvb bv e‡jB iveŸx
RvqMvq, evmv fvov †bIqvi D‡Ï‡k¨ evmv †`L‡Z mv‡ne GLvb †_‡K evmv e`j K‡ib bv|
hvq| evmv fvov †bIqvi c~‡e© Zviv Zv‡`i mvg_¨© K. M…n gvbyl‡K Kx mgvR M‡o Zyj‡Z mnvqZv
Z_v Avq Ges cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡`i Kg©ZrciZvi K‡i?
w`‡K †Lqvj †i‡LwQj| evwo wbe©vP‡bi Rb¨ e¨w³i L. evwo wbg©v‡Yi Rb¨ Kxiƒc f~wg wbe©vPb
Av‡qi w`KwU Aek¨B we‡ePbvq ivLv KZ©e¨| Gi Ki‡Z n‡e? eywS‡q †jL|
cvkvcvwk cwiev‡ii m`m¨msL¨v, Zv‡`i M. DÏxc‡Ki iveŸx mv‡ne evwo wbe©vP‡b †Kvb
Kg©ZrciZv, eqm BZ¨vw` wel‡qi w`‡K †Lqvj welqwU‡K we‡ePbvq iv‡Lbwb? e¨vL¨v Ki|
ivLv Avek¨K | DÏxc‡Ki cªZxK‡`i cwievi evwo N. iveŸx mv‡n‡ei †cªw¶‡Z cªwZ‡ekxi ¸iæ‡Z¡i
wbe©vPb Ki‡Z wM‡q G `ywU wel‡qi w`‡KB ¸iæZ¡ w`KwUB cªwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q- Dˇii mc‡¶
w`‡q‡Q| hyw³ `vI|
N. DÏxc‡Ki cªZxK‡`i evwo wbe©vP‡bi †¶‡Î 5 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi
cwiev‡ii cª‡qvRbxqZvi w`KwU‡K me©v‡Mª we‡ePbvq K. M…n gvbyl‡K mf¨ mgvR M‡o Zyj‡Z mnvqZv K‡i|
ivL‡Z n‡e| L. evwo wbg©v‡Yi Rb¨ k³ gvwUi DuPy f~wg wbe©vPb
evwo, Rwg ev d¬¨vU wbe©vP‡bi †¶‡Î †hme wel‡qi Ki‡Z n‡e| wbPy Rwg‡Z el©vi cvwb R‡g e‡j gvwU
cªwZ †Lqvj ivL‡Z nq Zvi g‡a¨ cwiev‡ii m¨vuZ‡mu‡Z _v‡K | wbPy Rwg, Lvj ev cyKyi fivU
cª‡qvRbxqZv Ab¨Zg| G‡¶‡Î emev‡mi ¯’vb K‡i gvwU k³ n‡j c‡i evwo wbg©vY Ki‡Z nq|
cwiev‡ii Rb¨ Dchy³ wKbv G welqwU †Lqvj Rwg fivU K‡i gvwU k³ nIqvi Av‡MB evwo wbg©vY
ivL‡Z nq | DÏxc‡Ki cªZxK‡`i cwievi Zv‡`i Ki‡j evwo‡Z dvUj †`Lv hvq Ges evwo a‡m
Rb¨ evmv LyuR‡Z GKwU GjvKvq hvq| †mLv‡b wM‡q c‡o| wKš‘ DuPy f~wg‡Z G ai‡bi mgm¨v nq bv e‡j
Zviv Zv‡`i mvg_¨© Ges cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡`i evwo wbg©v‡Yi Rb¨ Giƒc f~wgB wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e|
Kg©ZrciZv‡K ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q evmv LyuR‡Z jvMj| wKš‘ G ai‡bi Rwgi g~j¨I †ewk n‡q _v‡K |
evwo wbe©vP‡bi Rb¨ cwiev‡ii cª‡qvRbxqZvi M. DÏxc‡Ki ivweŸ mv‡ne evwo wbe©vP‡b †hvMv‡hvM
w`KwU‡KI ¸iæZ¡ †`Iqv cª‡qvRb| G‡¶‡Î welqwU‡K we‡ePbvq iv‡Lbwb|
cwiev‡ii Rb¨ emev‡mi ¯’vb wbe©vP‡bi mgq cªwZwU gvby‡li Rb¨ evmM…n AZ¨šÍ cª‡qvRbxq|
cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡`i kvixwiK, gvbwmK I mvgvwRK evmM…n Avgv‡`i bvbv cª‡qvRb c~iY K‡i _v‡K| G
weKv‡k mnvqK Ggb ¤øvb wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e| Kvi‡YB evwo wbe©vP‡bi †¶‡Î Avgv‡`i †ekwKQy
cwiev‡ii m`m¨iv †hb ¯^v”Q‡›`¨ emevm Ki‡Z wel‡qi cªwZ †Lqvj ivL‡Z nq| Gme wel‡qi g‡a¨
cv‡i †m e¨e¯’v evwo‡Z _vK‡Z n‡e| Gme †hvMv‡hvM Ab¨Zg| DÏxc‡Ki NUbvq †`Lv hvq
welq¸‡jvB cwiev‡ii cª‡qvRbxZvi AšÍfy³ © | evwo ivweŸ mv‡n‡ei Awdm gwZwSj Ges wZwb evm K‡ib
wbe©vP‡bi †¶‡Î G welq¸‡jv Aek¨B †Lqvj ivLv wgicy‡i| `~iZ¡ †ewk nIqvq Zvi cªwZw`‡bi
KZ©e¨| wKš‘ DÏxc‡Ki cªZxK‡`i cwievi‡K evwo hvZvqv‡Z A‡bK A_© Ges mgq e¨q nq| wKš‘
wbe©vP‡bi †¶‡Î G welq¸‡jv we‡ePbv Ki‡Z cwiwPZ cwi‡ek †Q‡o `~‡i hv‡eb bv e‡jB wZwb
†`Lv hvq bv| Zviv †Kej cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡`i Avq evmv e`j K‡ib bv| G‡¶‡Î evwo wbe©vP‡b
Ges Zv‡`i Kg©ZrciZvi cªwZ mRvM `…wó †i‡L‡Q| †hvMv‡hv‡Mi welqwU‡KB wZwb Avg‡j †bbwb|
wKš‘ evwo wbe©vP‡b G¸‡jvi cvkvcvwk cwiev‡ii hvbevn‡bi mnRjf¨Zv †hvMv‡hvM ev hvZvqvZ
cª‡qvRbxqZvi w`KwUI we‡ePbvq Avb‡Z n‡e| ZvB e¨e¯’v‡K Avivg`vqK K‡i| Gi d‡j A_© Kg e¨q
ejv hvq, cª‡kœi gšÍe¨wU h_v_©| nq Ges mgqI AcPq nq bv| wKš‘ DÏxc‡Ki
ivweŸ mv‡ne Zvi hvZvqvZ e¨e¯’vi Kvi‡Y mgm¨vq
5. ivweŸ mv‡n‡ei Awdm gwZwSj| wZwb evm K‡ib c‡o‡Qb| Zvi A_© Ges mgqI e¨q n‡”Q| evmv
wgicyi| Zvi cªwZw`‡bi hvZvqv‡Z A‡bK A_© Ges †_‡K Awdm `~ieZ©x nIqvi Kvi‡YB Zv‡K Ggb
mgq e¨q nq| wKš‘ wZwb †h evmvq fvov _v‡Kb mgm¨vq cov‡Z n‡q‡Q| wZwb hw` evwo wbe©vP‡bi
†mLvbKvi cªwZ‡ekx‡`i mv‡_ AšÍi½ m¤úK© Zvi| c~‡e©B †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’vi w`‡K `…wó w`‡Zb Z‡e
bvbv wec‡`-Avc‡` Zviv GwM‡q G‡m mvnvh¨ K‡i| GgbwU n‡Zv bv|
ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki ivweŸ mv‡ne evwo wbe©vP‡b K. evwo wbg©v‡Yi Rb¨ AvqZvKvi ev eM©vK…wZ Rwg
†hvMv‡hvM welqwU‡KB we‡ePbvq iv‡Lbwb | fv‡jv|
N. ivweŸ mv‡n‡ei NUbvq mycªwZ‡ekxi f~wgKvi w`KwUB L. evwo wbg©v‡Y Rwgi AvqZb h_vh_ nIqv cª‡qvRb|
cªwZdwjZ nq | eo evwo wbg©v‡Yi Rb¨ †ewk Rwgi cª‡qvRb nq|
Rwg, evwo ev d¬¨vU wbe©vP‡b †hme wel‡qi d¬¨vU wbg©v‡Y Aí Rwg n‡jI P‡j| wKš‘ Rwgi
we‡ePbvq ivLv Avek¨K Zvi g‡a¨ cªwZ‡ekx AvqZb wba©vi‡Y Aek¨B †cŠi KZ©…c‡¶i wbqg
Ab¨Zg| cªwZ‡ekx fv‡jv n‡j wbe©vwPZ evwo‡Z †g‡b Pjv Riæwi| cªk¯Í moK msjMœ Rwg‡Z †cŠi
emevm Kiv myweavRbK nq| †Kbbv Avkcv‡k KZ©…c‡¶i wbqg †g‡b 4 KvVv Rwg‡Z cªwZ Zjvq
emevmiZ cªwZ‡ekxiv fv‡jv n‡jB emevm 1900 eM©dyU, 3 KvVv Rwg‡Z 1400 eM©dyU, 2
Avivg`vqK nq| DÏxc‡Ki ivweŸ mv‡n‡ei KvVv Rwg‡Z 960 eM©dyU Ges 1 KvVv Rwg‡Z 480
gwZwS‡j Awdm n‡jI wZwb wgicy‡i emevm eM©dyU †g‡Swewkó evwo wbg©vY Kiv hvq| evwo
K‡ib| †Kej mycªwZ‡ekx †c‡q‡Qb e‡jB wZwb G wbg©v‡Y Rwgi AvqZb GiƒcB nIqv DwPZ|
GjvKv †Q‡o †h‡Z Pvb bv| Zvi cªwZ‡ekxiv G‡K M. Av‡bvqvi mv‡ne evwo ˆZwii †¶‡Î Avw_©K w`KwU‡K
Ac‡ii wec‡`-Avc‡` GwM‡q G‡m mvnvh¨ K‡i| we‡ePbv K‡i‡Qb|
ivweŸ mv‡ne mycªwZ‡ekx Ges cwiwPZ cwi‡ek †Q‡o Rwg, evwo ev d¬¨vU wbe©vP‡bi †¶‡Î †ekwKQy welq
†Kv_vI †h‡Z Pvb bv| evwo wbe©vP‡bi †¶‡Î we‡ePbv Ki‡Z nq| Gme wel‡qi g‡a¨ Avw_©K w`K
cªwZ‡ekxI GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© we‡eP¨ welq wn‡m‡e GKwU| Rwg ev evwo we‡ePbvi Rb¨ Avw_©K w`KwU
M…nxZ nq| mvgvwRK eÜb, wbivcËv, gvbwmK Aek¨B we‡ePbvq Avb‡Z n‡e| DÏxc‡Ki
cwiZ…wß, mvnvh¨-mn‡hvwMZv BZ¨vw` welq¸‡jvi Av‡bvqvi mv‡ne Mªv‡g evwo ˆZwi Ki‡eb e‡j wVK
†¶‡Î cªwZ‡ekxi ¸iæZ¡ Ab¯^xKvh©| cªwZ‡ekx hw` K‡i‡Qb| G D‡Ï‡k¨ wZwb wewfbœ RvqMvq FY
mr I fv‡jv nq Z‡e evmM…‡n evm Kiv †h‡Kv‡bv †bIqvi Rb¨ Av‡e`b K‡i‡Qb | evwo wbg©v‡Y †hb
e¨w³i Rb¨B wbivc` I Avivg`vqK nq| †Kv‡bv ai‡bi Avw_©K msKU †`Lv bv hvq †mRb¨B
DÏxc‡Ki ivweŸ mv‡ne cªwZ‡ekxi ¸iæZ¡ wZwb Giƒc †Póv Ki‡Qb| Avw_©K w`KwU‡KB wZwb
h_vh_fv‡eB Dcjwä Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb| G me©v‡Mª we‡ePbv Ki‡Qb| evwo wbg©v‡Yi Rb¨ Avw_©K
Kvi‡YB mycªwZ‡ekx‡`i mvnvh¨-mn‡hvwMZv †Q‡o w`KwU we‡ePbv Kiv Aek¨ KZ©e¨| Avw_©K w`K
ivweŸ mv‡ne `~‡i †Kv_vI †h‡Z Pvbwb| mgq I A_© we‡ePbvc~e©KB Rwg wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e| Rwg µq,
AcPq n‡jI ivweŸ mv‡ne G e¨vcviwU‡K Avg‡j evwo wbg©vY BZ¨vw`i Rb¨ e¨q wnmve Ki‡Z nq
†bbwb| Av‡MB| Gi cvkvcvwk cª‡qvR‡b FY myweav MªnY
ZvB ejv hvq, ivweŸ mv‡n‡ei †cªw¶‡Z cªwZ‡ekxi Kiv hvq wKbv GUvI we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e| Rwgi
¸iæ‡Z¡i w`KwUB cªwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q| Ki, LvRbv BZ¨vw` welq¸‡jvI evwo wbg©v‡Yi
Avw_©K w`K we‡ePbvi AšÍfy³ © | DÏxc‡Ki
6. Av‡bvqvi mv‡ne Zvi Mªv‡g evwo ˆZwi Ki‡eb| G Av‡bvqvi mv‡ne‡K evwo wbg©v‡Yi Rb¨ FY MÖn‡Yi
D‡Ï‡k¨ wZwb FY Mªn‡Yi wm×všÍ wb‡jb| FY wPšÍv Ki‡Z †`Lv hvq| GwU evwo wbg©v‡Yi Avewk¨K
Mªn‡Yi Rb¨ wZwb wewfbœ RvqMvq Av‡e`b K‡i‡Qb| welq Avw_©K w`K‡KB Bw½Z K‡i|
evwo wbg©v‡Y †hb Avw_©K msKU bv Av‡m G ZvB ejv hvq, Av‡bvqvi mv‡ne evwo wbg©v‡Yi †¶‡Î
D‡Ï‡k¨B wZwb †Póv Pvjv‡”Qb| D³ welqwU‡KB we‡ePbv K‡i‡Qb|
K. evwo wbg©v‡Yi Rb¨ †Kvb Rwg fv‡jv? N. Av‡bvqvi mv‡ne‡K evwo ˆZwii †¶‡Î Avw_©K
L. evwo wbg©v‡Y Rwgi AvqZb Kxiƒc nIqv w`‡Ki cvkvcvwk AviI A‡bK welqB we‡ePbvq
DwPZ? eywS‡q †jL| ivL‡Z n‡e|
M. Av‡bvqvi mv‡ne evwo ˆZwii †¶‡Î †Kvb evmM…n cªwZwU gvby‡li Rb¨ AZxe cª‡qvRbxq| Z‡e
welqwU‡K we‡ePbv K‡i‡Qb? e¨vL¨v Ki| evwo wbg©v‡Yi †¶‡Î †ekwKQy wel‡qi cªwZ †Lqvj
N. Av‡bvqvi mv‡ne‡K evwo ˆZwii Rb¨ AviI ivLv KZ©e¨| Gme wel‡qi w`‡K †Lqvj bv Ki‡j
A‡bK welqB we‡ePbvq ivL‡Z n‡e-- cieZ©x‡Z evmM…n wbe©vPb Ki‡jI bvbv mgm¨vi
gšÍe¨wUi h_v_©Zv hvPvB Ki| gy‡LvgywL n‡Z nq| DÏxc‡Ki Av‡bvqvi mv‡ne Zvi
6 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi Mªv‡g evwo wbg©vY Ki‡Z Pvb| G D‡Ï‡k¨ wZwb
wewfbœ RvqMvq F‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ Av‡e`b Ki‡Z hvq| Gi cvkvcvwk K‡¶i ¯^vZšÍª¨ Ges K‡¶i
jvM‡jb| evwo wbg©v‡Y †hb Avw_©K msK‡Ui m¤§yLxb myweavRbK ¯’v‡b `iRv wbg©vY BZ¨vw` welqI cªfve
n‡Z bv nq †mRb¨B wZwb Ggb wm×všÍ wb‡jb| wKš‘ iv‡L| M…‡ni Af¨šÍ‡i PjvP‡ji c_ GiƒcB nIqv
Gi evB‡iI Zv‡K AviI A‡bK wel‡qi cªwZ DwPZ|
`…wócvZ Ki‡Z n‡e| evmM…n wbg©v‡Yi c~‡e© Avw_©K M. iwngv †eM‡gi †cª¶vc‡U GK K¶ w`‡q Av‡iK
w`KwUi cvkvcvwk cwiev‡ii cª‡qvRbxqZv, Avq, K‡¶ cª‡ek Kivi w`KwU Zy‡j aivi gva¨‡g i懶i
m`m¨, cvkvcvwk emevmiZ cªwZ‡ekx, †hvMv‡hvM ¯^vZš¿¨ bó n‡q‡Q|
e¨e¯’vi aib, cwiev‡ii e¨w³‡`i mL I M…‡ni Af¨šÍ‡i PjvP‡ji c_ welqwU we‡ePbvq
Kg©ZrciZv, evwo wbg©v‡Yi f~wg, f~wgi Ae¯’vb, K‡¶i ¯^vZš¿¨ eRvq ivLvi welqwUI †Lqvj ivL‡Z
Rwgi AvqZb, Ab¨vb¨ myweav BZ¨vw` welq¸‡jvI nq| kqbK¶ ev covvi K¶ w`‡q Ab¨ K‡¶
we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e| †Kbbv evmM…n wbg©v‡Yi c~‡e© hvZvqvZ Kiv evÃbxq bq| DÏxc‡Ki NUbvq M…‡ni
Gme welq we‡ePbv Kiv KZ©e¨| wKš‘ DÏxc‡Ki Af¨šÍ‡i PjvP‡ji Amyweavi w`KwU cªwZdwjZ nq|
Av‡bvqvi mv‡ne Zvi evwo wbg©v‡Yi c~‡e© †Kej GLv‡b †`Lv hvq, iwngv †eM‡gi †Q‡ji K¶ w`‡qB
Avw_©K w`KwUB we‡ePbv K‡i‡Qb| Ab¨vb¨ Aci kqbK‡¶ cª‡ek Ki‡Z nq| Gfv‡e PjvPj
welq¸‡jv GLv‡b we‡ePbvaxb nqwb| wZwb Avw_©K Ki‡Z nq e‡j iwngv †eM‡gi †Q‡ji †jLvcovvq
w`KwU mwVK ivL‡Z FY Mªn‡Yi wPšÍvI K‡i‡Qb| †ek weN&b N‡U| M…‡ni cªwZwU K¶ c…_K n‡j Ges
wKš‘ Ab¨vb¨ welq¸‡jvI Zv‡K we‡ePbv Ki‡Z cª‡Z¨KwU‡ZB mivmwi cª‡e‡ki e¨e¯’v _vK‡j
n‡e| cªwZwU K‡¶i ¯^vZš¿¨ eRvq _v‡K| kqbK¶ ev
ZvB mvwe©K w`K we‡ePbvq cª‡kœi gšÍe¨wU‡K h_v_© covvi K¶ w`‡q hw` Ab¨ K‡¶ hvZvqvZ Ki‡Z nq
ejv hvq| Z‡e G‡Z K‡¶i ¯^Zš¿Zv bó nq| DÏxc‡Ki
NUbvq G welqwUB Zy‡j aiv n‡q‡Q †hLv‡b iwngv
7. iwngv †eMg fvov evmvq emevm K‡ib| Zv‡`i †eM‡gi †Q‡ji K‡¶i ¯^vZš¿¨ bó n‡q‡Q| Zvi
evmvq `ywU †eWiæg i‡q‡Q| GKwU iæ‡g Zvi †Q‡j K‡¶i ga¨ w`‡q Aci K‡¶ cª‡ek Ki‡Z nq e‡j
_v‡K Ges †mwU Zvi covviI K¶| Zvi iæ‡gi Zvi covvïbvi †ek weN&b N‡U| Gfv‡eB GK K¶
g‡a¨ GKwU `iRv i‡q‡Q †hwU w`‡q Aci K‡¶ w`‡q Ab¨ K‡¶ hvZqvZ Ki‡Z nIqvq iwngv
cª‡ek Ki‡Z nq| Gfv‡e PjvPj Ki‡Z nq e‡j †eM‡gi †cª¶vc‡U K‡¶i ¯^vZš¿¨ bó n‡q‡Q|
iwngv †eM‡gi †Q‡ji †jLvcovvq †ek weN&b N‡U| N. DÏxc‡Ki NUbvq K‡¶i ¯^vZš¿¨ bó nIqvq
K. M…n¯’vwj KvRK‡g© Avivg I ¯^v”Q›`¨ wK‡mi PjvP‡ji mye¨e¯’vi Afve cwijw¶Z nq|
Ici wbf©i K‡i? M…‡ni Af¨šÍ‡i PjvP‡ji c_ Aek¨B Avivg`vqK
L. M…‡ni Af¨šÍ‡i PjvP‡ji c_ Kxiƒc nIqv n‡Z nq| Gi IciB M…n¯’vwj KvRK‡g©i ¯^v”Q›`¨
DwPZ? I eywS‡q †jL | wbf©i K‡i| hw` hvZvqv‡Zi mgm¨v _v‡K Z‡e †mwU
M. iwngv †eM‡gi †cª¶vc‡U K‡¶i ¯^vZšÍª¨ bó M…n¯’vwj KvRKg© m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ Avivg`vqK nq
n‡q‡Q Kxfv‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| bv| DÏxc‡K PjvP‡ji mye¨e¯’vi Afve j¶Yxq|
N. DÏxc‡Ki NUbvq PjvP‡ji mye¨e¯’vi GLv‡b †`Lv hvq, iwngv †eMg †h evmvq fvov
Afve cwijw¶Z nq- we‡kølY Ki| _v‡Kb †mLv‡b `ywU †eWiæg| GKwU †eWiæ‡g Zvi
7 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi †Q‡j _v‡K Ges †mwU Zvi covviI K¶| Zvi
K. M…n¯’vwj KvRK‡g© Avivg I ¯^v”Q›`¨ M…‡ni K‡¶i ga¨ w`‡qB Aci K‡¶ cª‡ek Ki‡Z nq|
Kg©‡K›`ª¸‡jvi Kg `~iZ¡ Ges PjvP‡ji mye¨e¯’vi Gfv‡e hvZvqvZ Ki‡Z nq e‡j iwngv †eM‡gi
Ici wbf©i K‡i| †Q‡ji †jLvcovvq †ek weN&b N‡U| Gi ga¨ w`‡q
L. M…‡ni Af¨šÍ‡i PjvP‡ji c_ Avivg`vqK I iwngv †eM‡gi †Q‡ji K‡¶i ¯^vZšÍª¨ †hgb bó n‡”Q
myweavRbK nIqv DwPZ| M…n¯’vwj KvRK‡g©i Avivg †Zgwb Zvi †jLvcovv‡ZI weN&b NU‡Q| hw` K‡¶
I ¯^v”Q›`¨ M…‡ni Af¨šÍ‡ii PjvP‡ji c‡_i Ici hvZvqv‡Zi Rb¨ myweavRbK ¯’v‡b `iRv wbg©vY Kiv
A‡bKvs‡k wbf©i K‡i _v‡K| †m‡¶‡Î M…‡ni n‡Zv Z‡e G ai‡bi mgm¨v Gov‡bv †hZ| wKš‘
Kg©‡K›`ª¸‡jvi `~iZ¡ Kg n‡j Ges PjvP‡ji DÏxc‡Ki †cª¶vc‡U PjvP‡ji †¶‡Î mye¨e¯’v bv
mye¨e¯’v _vK‡j M…n¯’vwj KvRKg©¸‡jv wbwe©‡N&b Kiv _vKvi Kvi‡YB iwngv †eM‡gi †Q‡ji †jLvcovv
wewN&bZ n‡”Q| Zvi K‡¶i ¯^vZš¿¨I bó n‡”Q| Av‡jvi e¨e¯’v _vK‡j K‡¶i wfZ‡i m¨vuZ‡mu‡Z
M…‡ni Af¨šÍ‡i PjvP‡ji c_ †hiƒc nIqv DwPZ fve _v‡K bv Ges K‡¶i ¯’vb ﮋ I RxevYygy³
DÏxc‡K Zv Abycw¯’Z| _v‡K| GQvovI cªvK…wZK Av‡jv Z_v m~‡h©i Av‡jv
ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki NUbvq PjvP‡ji mye¨e¯’vi mKj Kg©¶gZvi Drm| K‡¶ hw` cªvK…wZK Av‡jv
Afve we`¨gvb | cª‡e‡ki e¨e¯’v ivLv hvq Z‡e kvixwiK I
gvbwmKfv‡eI cªkvwšÍ jvf Kiv hvq| DÏxc‡Ki
8. g~j mo‡Ki cv‡kB AvdRvj mv‡n‡ei evmv| AvdRvj mv‡n‡ei evmvq cªvK…wZK Av‡jv
AvdRvj mv‡n‡ei kqbK‡¶i cv‡k evB‡i †ek h_vh_fv‡eB cª‡ek K‡i| Zvi kqbK‡¶i cv‡k
†Lvjv‡gjv RvqMv i‡q‡Q| Zvi G K‡¶ †ek Av‡jv- evB‡i †ek †Lvjv‡gjv RvqMv _vKvq Zvi K‡¶i
evZvm cª‡ek K‡i| ch©vß cwigvY Av‡jv N‡i cwi‡ek Avivg`vqK nq Ges m¨vuZ‡mu‡Z fveI
cª‡ek K‡i e‡j Zvi K‡¶i cwi‡ekI Avivg`vqK _v‡K bv |
nq| ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxc‡K evwoi bKkv cwiKíbvi
K. cªvK…wZK Av‡jv Avgiv Kx †_‡K cvB? cªvK…wZK Av‡jv cª‡e‡ki DcKvwiZvi w`KwUB
L. K‡¶ cªvK…wZK Av‡jv cª‡ek cª‡qvRbxq j¶Yxq |
†Kb? N. AvdRvj mv‡n‡ei M…‡n ch©vß Av‡jv-evZvm cª‡ek
M. DÏxc‡K evwoi bKkv cwiKíbvi †Kvb Kivq wZwb I Zvi cwievi cªvK…wZK Av‡jvi
w`KwUi DcKvwiZv j¶Yxq? e¨vL¨v Ki| DcKvwiZv †fvM Ki‡Z m¶g n‡eb|
N. AvdRvj mv‡ne I Zvi cwievi cªvK…wZK evwoi bKkv cwiKíbvq cªvK…wZK Av‡jvi e¨e¯’v
Av‡jvi DcKvwiZv †fvM Ki‡Z m¶g ivLv Avek¨K| cªwZwU K‡¶ †hb ch©vß cªvK…wZK
n‡eb- we‡kølY Ki| Av‡jv cª‡ek Ki‡Z cv‡i †mw`‡K †Lqvj ivL‡Z
8 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi n‡e| G cªvK…wZK Av‡jv ¯^v‡¯’¨i Rb¨ †hgb
K. cªvK…wZK Av‡jv Avgiv m~h©wKiY †_‡K cvB| DcKvix †Zgwb M…‡ni Rb¨I `iKvwi| DÏxc‡Ki
L. K‡¶ cªvK…wZK Av‡jv cª‡ek cª‡qvRbxq KviY G‡Z AvdRvj mv‡n‡ei evmv g~j mo‡Ki cv‡k| Zvi
M…‡ni cwi‡ek emev‡mvc‡hvMx _v‡K Ges Kg© kqbK‡¶i Avkcv‡k †ek †Lvjv‡gjv RvqMv
m¤úv`bI h_vh_fv‡e nq| evwoi bKkv i‡q‡Q| †mw`K w`‡q ch©vß Av‡jv-evZvm cª‡ek
cwiKíbvq GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq n‡jv cªvK…wZK K‡i| G‡Z K‡i Zvi K‡¶i cwi‡ekI Avivg`vqK
Av‡jvi e¨e¯’v ivLv| cªwZwU K‡¶ †hb cªvK…wZK nq| cªvK…wZK Av‡jvi †ek DcKvwiZv i‡q‡Q|
Av‡jv cª‡ek Ki‡Z cv‡i †m welqwU †Lqvj ivL‡Z cªvK…wZK Av‡jv Avgiv m~h©wKiY †_‡K cvB| G
n‡e| cªvK…wZK Av‡jv Avgiv cvB m~h©wKiY †_‡K| m~‡h©i Av‡jv †hgb ¯^v‡¯’¨i Rb¨ DcKvix †Zgwb
G Av‡jv †hgb ¯^v‡¯’¨i Rb¨ DcKvix †Zgwb M…‡ni M…‡ni Rb¨I `iKvwi| G‡Z K‡i M…‡ni m¨vuZ‡mu‡Z
m¨vuZ‡mu‡Z fve `~i Ki‡ZI mnvqZv K‡i| Gme fve `~i nq Ges ¯’vb ﮋ I RxevYygy³ _v‡K|
Kvi‡YB K‡¶ cªvK…wZK Av‡jv cª‡ek Kiv AZ¨šÍ GQvov m~‡h©i Av‡jv mKj Kg©¶gZviI Drm| M…‡n
cª‡qvRbxq | hw` ch©vß Av‡jv-evZvm cª‡ek K‡i Z‡e M…‡n hviv
M. DÏxc‡K evwoi bKkv cwiKíbvi cªvK…wZK Av‡jvi emevm K‡ib ZvivI Gme myweav †fvM Ki‡Z
e¨e¯’vi DcKvwiZvi w`KwU j¶Yxq| cvi‡eb| DÏxc‡Ki AvdRvj mv‡n‡ei M…‡nI
evwoi bKkv cwiKíbvq †hme welq we‡ePbv Ki‡Z ch©vß Av‡jv-evZvm cª‡ek K‡i| d‡j cªvK…wZK
nq Gi g‡a¨ cªvK…wZK Av‡jvi e¨e¯’v ivLv Ab¨Zg| Av‡jv cªvwßi †hme myweavi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q
cªvK…wZK Av‡jv Avgiv cvB m~h©wKiY †_‡K| K‡¶ †m¸‡jv ZvivI †fvM Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
cªvK…wZK Av‡jv cª‡e‡ki e¨e¯’v ivL‡Z nq| G‡Z ZvB mvwe©K w`K we‡ePbv †k‡l ejv hvq †h, cª‡kœi
M…‡ni cwi‡ek Avivg`vqK nq| DÏxc‡K j¶ Kiv gšÍe¨wU h_v_©|
hvq AvdRvj mv‡n‡ei evmv g~j mo‡Ki cv‡k|
Zvi I kqbK‡¶i cv‡k evB‡i †ek †Lvjv‡gjv 9. †ivKb mv‡ne †g‡m _v‡Kb| Zvi †g‡mi Ae¯’vb
RvqMv i‡q‡Q| d‡j Zvi K‡¶ †ek Av‡jv-evZvm †ek msKxY© ¯’v‡b| GLv‡b evZvm cª‡e‡ki e¨e¯’v
cª‡ek K‡i| ch©vß cwigvY Av‡jv cª‡ek Kivq Zvi cªvq †bB ej‡jB P‡j| wZwb cªvqB Amy¯’ _v‡Kb |
K‡¶i cwi‡ekI Avivg`vqK nq| cªvK…wZK
Mªv‡gi †Lvjv‡gjv cwi‡ek‡K g‡b K‡i KóI cvb ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki NUbvq K‡¶ evqy PjvP‡ji
gv‡S gv‡S| mye¨e¯’vi AfveB cwijw¶Z nq|
K. evqyi Dcv`vb¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Aw·‡R‡bi N. DÏxc‡Ki †ivKb mv‡ne Zvi K‡¶ cªvK…wZKfv‡e
cwigvY KZ? evqy PjvP‡ji e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z bv cvi‡jI K…wÎgfv‡e
L. evqy Kxfv‡e MwVZ nq? evqyi e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
M. DÏxc‡Ki NUbvq †Kvb welqwUi Afve evwoi bKkv cwiKíbvi †¶‡Î K‡¶ evqy PjvP‡ji
cwijw¶Z nq? e¨vL¨v Ki| e¨e¯’v ivLvi welqwU Aek¨B we‡ePbv Ki‡Z nq|
N. †ivKb mv‡ne cªvK…wZKfv‡e bv cvi‡jI M…‡ni cwi‡ek‡K my¯’ ivL‡Z Ôevqy PjvP‡ji e¨e¯’v
K…wÎgfv‡e evqy PjvP‡ji e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z ivL‡Z nq| Ab¨_vq †ivMe¨vwa †j‡MB _v‡K|
cvi‡eb- gšÍe¨wUi h_v_©Zv wePvi Ki| DÏxc‡Ki †ivKb mv‡ne †h †g‡m emevm K‡ib
9 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi †mwUi Ae¯’vb †ek msKxY© RvqMvq nIqvq
K. evqyi Dcv`vb¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Aw·‡R‡bi cwigvY wVKg‡Zv evZvm cª‡ek Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| d‡j Zv‡K
20.93%| cªvqB Amy¯’ _vK‡Z †`Lv hvq| K‡¶ hw`
L. evqy wewfbœ Dcv`v‡bi mgš^‡q MwVZ nq| cªvK…wZKfv‡e evqy PjvP‡ji e¨e¯’v Kiv bv hvq Z‡e
Rxebavi‡Yi Ab¨Zg cªavb Dcv`vb n‡”Q evqy| K…wÎgfv‡eI Gi e¨e¯’v Kiv hvq| K…wÎg Dcv‡q
evqyi is ev AvKvi †bB Ges weï× evqyi †Kv‡bv †hme gva¨‡g evqy PjvP‡ji e¨e¯’v Kiv hvq †m¸‡jv
MÜI †bB| evqy A‡bK Dcv`vb wb‡q MwVZ nq| n‡jv- ˆe`y¨wZK cvLv, GqviKwÛkbvi, nvZcvLv,
Gme Dcv`vb¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Aw·‡Rb 20.93%, Uvb cvLv BZ¨vw`| wmwjs d¨vb ev †Uwej d¨vb
bvB‡Uªv‡Rb 78.10%, Kve©b WvBA·vBW 0.03% evZvm‡K Av‡›`vwjZ K‡i e‡j DòZv nªvm cvq|
I Ab¨vb¨ 0.94%| evqyi Ab¨vb¨ Dcv`vb¸‡jvi Avevi GqviKwÛkbvi K‡¶ kxZj evqy mÂvwjZ
g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q Rjxq ev®ú, wnwjqvg, wbqb, wµcUb, K‡i K¶‡K VvÐv iv‡L| nvZcvLv I Uvbv cvLvi
AvM©b BZ¨vw` wbwl&µq M¨vm| Gme Dcv`v‡bi e¨enviI evqyi DòZv nªvm K‡i| Gme K…wÎg
mgš^‡qB evqy MwVZ nq | Dcv‡q DÏxc‡Ki †ivKb mv‡ne Zvi K‡¶ evqy
M. DÏxc‡Ki NUbvq evqy PjvP‡ji mye¨e¯’vi Afve PjvP‡ji e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z cv‡ib| cªvK…wZKfv‡e bv
cwijw¶Z nq| n‡jI Gme K…wÎg Dcv‡q evqy PjvP‡ji e¨e¯’v Kiv
evwoi bKkv cwiKíbvq evqy PjvP‡ji e¨e¯’v ivLvi hvq e‡j mvwe©K w`K we‡ePbvq cª‡kœi gšÍe¨wU‡K
welqwUI we‡klfv‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq| evqyi h_v_© ejv mgxPxb|
cª‡e‡k hw` mgm¨v nq Z‡e H M…‡n memgq
†ivMe¨vwa †j‡MB _v‡K| G Kvi‡YB evqy cª‡ek Ges 10. AvR‡gix †eM‡gi WvBwbs iægwU †ek eo| wZwb
evqy wbM©Z nIqvi e¨e¯’v ivLv Avek¨K| DÏxc‡K cvwU©kb w`‡q GwUi Aa©vsk‡K WvBwbs iæg Ges evwK
†`Lv hvq, †ivKb mv‡ne †h †g‡m emevm K‡ib Zvi Aa©vsk‡K WªBs iæg wn‡m‡e e¨envi K‡ib|
Ae¯’vb †ek msKxY© ¯’v‡b| GLv‡b evZvm cª‡e‡ki cª‡qvRbvbyhvqx wZwb K¶‡K Zvi Kv‡R e¨envi
e¨e¯’v cªvq †bB ej‡jB P‡j| d‡j †ivKb mv‡ne Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
cªvqB Amy¯’ _v‡Kb| K‡¶ evqy PjvP‡ji e¨e¯’v K. ¯øvBW Kx?
K‡i h‡_ó Aw·‡Rb wbwðZ Kiv hvq| G‡Z K‡i L. ¯^v¯’¨i¶vq Av‡jv-evZvm †Kb cª‡qvRbxq?
A‡bK †ivM †_‡KB wb¯Ívi cvIqv m¤¢e nq| e× M. DÏxcKwU evwoi bKkv cwiKíbvi †Kvb
¯’v‡b †ivMRxevYy hZ mn‡R †eu‡P _v‡K, gy³ ¯’v‡b welqwUi Bw½Z †`q? e¨vL¨v Ki|
ZZ mn‡R evuP‡Z cv‡i bv| evqy PjvPj wbf©i K‡i N. AvR‡gix †eMg PvB‡j eo K¶I e¨envi
K‡¶i Ae¯’v‡bi Ici| K‡¶ evqy PjvP‡ji e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb- we‡kølY Ki|
Kiv †M‡j K‡¶i `~wlZ evqy †ei n‡q hvq Ges 10 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi
weï× evqy K‡¶ cª‡ek K‡i K‡¶i DòZv `~ixf~Z K. ¯øvBW n‡jv cvwU©kb |
K‡i| wKš‘ DÏxc‡K evqy PjvP‡ji mye¨e¯’vi Afve L. ¯^v¯’¨i¶vq Av‡jv-evZvm cª‡qvRbxq KviY G‡Z
_vKvi Kvi‡YB †ivKb mv‡ne‡K Amy¯’ _vK‡Z †`Lv K‡i wewfbœ †ivMe¨vwai RxevYy‡K aŸsm Kiv hvq|
hvq | evwoi bKkv cwiKíbvi mgq cªvK…wZK Av‡jv I
evZvm cª‡e‡ki e¨e¯’v ivLvi welqwU we‡ePbvq
Avbv Avek¨K| cªvK…wZK Av‡jv Avgiv cvB Abyhvqx cvwU©kb mwi‡q †bIqv hvq| G‡Z K‡i eo
m~h©wKiY †_‡K| G‡Z K‡i K‡¶i ¯’vb ﮋ I K¶I e¨envi Kiv hvq| DÏxc‡Ki AvR‡gix
RxevYygy³ _v‡K| Avevi cªvK…wZKfv‡e evqy †eMgI Zvi myweavg‡Zv mwi‡q †bIqvi gva¨‡g
PjvP‡ji e¨e¯’v _vK‡jI Giƒc cwi‡e‡k wZwb eo K¶I e¨envi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| cvwU©kb
†ivMRxevYy-mn‡R evuP‡Z cv‡i bv| K‡¶i `~wlZ K¶wU‡K e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
evqyI †ei n‡q hvq| Gme Kvi‡YB ¯^v¯’¨i¶vq
Av‡jv-evZvm cª‡qvRbxq|
M. DÏxcKwU evwoi bKkv cwiKíbvi cª‡qvRb
Abymv‡i K‡¶i AvKvi cwieZ©b nIqvi welqwUi
Bw½Z †`q|
evwoi bKkv cwiKíbvi †¶‡Î †hme welq we‡ePbv
Ki‡Z nq Zvi g‡a¨ GKwU n‡jv cª‡qvRbvbyhvqx
K‡¶i AvKvi cwieZ©b Kiv| evwoi bKkv
cwiKíbvi mgq hw` G welqwUi mye¨e¯’v ivLv hvq
Z‡e fv‡jv nq| DÏxc‡Ki AvR‡gix †eM‡gi
WvBwbs iægwU †ek eo | wZwb cvwU©kb e¨envi K‡i
Gi Aa©vsk‡K WvBwbs iæg Ges evwK Aa©vsk‡K WªBs
iæg wn‡m‡e e¨envi K‡ib| cª‡qvR‡b K‡¶i AvKvi
cwieZ©‡bi mye¨e¯’v _vKv fv‡jv| eo K¶ ¯øvBW,
†dvwìs `iRv, c`©v ev †ev‡W©i cvwU©kb e¨envi K‡i
c…_K K‡i e¨envi Kiv hvq| Avevi cª‡qvRb n‡j
cvwU©kb mwi‡q K¶‡K eo K¶ wn‡m‡eI e¨envi
Kiv hvq| DÏxc‡Ki NUbvq G welqwUB j¶Yxq|
AvR‡gix †eMg Zvi eo K¶‡K cvwU©kb w`‡q fvM
K‡i WvBwbs iæg Ges WªBs iæg wn‡m‡e e¨envi
Ki‡Qb| evwoi bKkv cwiKíbvi G welqwUiB
Bw½Z cvIqv hvq DÏxc‡Ki AvR‡gix †eM‡gi
NUbvq |
N. AvR‡gix †eMg hw` Pvb Z‡e cvwU©kb mwi‡q eo
K¶I e¨envi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
evwoi bKkv cwiKíbvi Rb¨ †hme welq we‡ePbv
Ki‡Z nq Zvi g‡a¨ GKwU n‡jv cª‡qvRb Abymv‡i
K‡¶i AvKvi cwieZ©b Kiv| hw` G ai‡bi e¨e¯’v
ivLv hvq Z‡e Zv cieZ©x‡Z †ek DcKv‡i jv‡M|
DÏxc‡Ki AvR‡gix †eM‡gi NUbvq †h welqwU j¶
Kiv hvq Zv n‡jv cª‡qvRbvbyhvqx K‡¶i AvKvi
cwieZ©b Kiv| AvR‡gix †eM‡gi WvBwbs iægwU
†ek eo| wZwb gvSLv‡b cvwU©kb e¨envi K‡i G
iæ‡gi Aa©vsk‡K WvBwbs iæg Ges evwK Aa©vsk‡K
WªBs iæg wn‡m‡e Kv‡R jvMv‡”Qb| Z‡e wZwb Zvi
cª‡qvRb| Abymv‡i GwU‡K eo K¶ wn‡m‡eI
e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡ib| eo K¶ ¯øvBW, †dvwìs
`iRv, c`©v ev †ev‡W©i cvwU©kb e¨envi K‡i c…_K
Kiv hvq| GwUB n‡jv cª‡qvRb Abymv‡i K‡¶i
AvKvi cwieZ©b Kivi bgybv| Avevi cª‡qvRb

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