1. Consider the composition of the species W, X, Y and Z below.

Which species is an anion?

A. W
B. X
C. Y
D. Z
(Total 1 mark)

2. Energy levels for an electron in a Hydrogen atom are

A. evenly spaced.
B. farther apart near the nucleus.
C. closer together near the nucleus.
D. arranged randomly.
(Total 1 mark)

3. Which is related to the number of electrons in the outer main

energy level of the elements from the alkali metals to the halogens?
I. Group number
II. Period number
A. I only
B. II only
C. Both I and II
D. Neither I nor II
(Total 1 mark)
7. What is the correct number of each particle in a fluoride ion, F ?
–
19

(Total 1 mark)

8. Which statement is correct for the emission spectrum of the

hydrogen atom?
A. The lines converge at lower energies.
B. The lines are produced when electrons move from lower to higher
energy levels.
C. The lines in the visible region involve electron transitions into the
energy level closest to the nucleus.
D. The line corresponding to the greatest emission of energy is in the
ultraviolet region.

12. How many valence electrons are present in an atom of an element

with atomic number 16?
A. 2
B. 4
C. 6
D. 8
(Total 1 mark)

13. A certain sample of element Z contains 60% of Z and 40% of Z.

69 71

What is the relative atomic mass of element Z in this sample?

A. 69.2
B. 69.8
C. 70.0
D. 70.2
(Total 1 mark)
14. What is the difference between two neutral atoms represented by
the symbols Co and Ni?
59 28
27

A. The number of neutrons only.

B. The number of protons and electrons only.
C. The number of protons and neutrons only.
D. The number of protons, neutrons and electrons.
(Total 1 mark)

15. How many electrons are there in one Mg ion?

24 2+
12

A. 10
B. 12
C. 14
D. 22
(Total 1 mark)

16. The electron arrangement of sodium is 2.8.1. How many occupied

main electron energy levels are there in an atom of sodium?
A. 1
B. 3
C. 10
D. 11
(Total 1 mark)

17. Information is given about four different atoms:

Which two atoms are isotopes?
A. W and Y
B. W and Z
C. X and Z
D. X and Y
(Total 1 mark)

18. Which statement is correct about a line emission spectrum?

A. Electrons absorb energy as they move from low to high energy
levels.
B. Electrons absorb energy as they move from high to low energy
levels.
C. Electrons release energy as they move from low to high energy
levels.
D. Electrons release energy as they move from high to low energy
levels.
(Total 1 mark)
19. How many neutrons are there in the ion O ?
2–
18

A. 8
B. 10
C. 16
D. 20
(Total 1 mark)

20. What is the electron arrangement of Silicon?

A. 2.4
B. 2.8
C. 2.8.4
D. 2.8.8
(Total 1 mark)

21. Which statement is correct about the isotopes of an element?

A. They have the same mass number
B. They have the same electron arrangement
C. They have more protons than neutrons
D. They have the same numbers of protons and neutrons
(Total 1 mark)

22. What’s the difference between 2 atoms represented by the

symbols Po and At?
210 210
84 85

A. The number of neutrons only.

B. The number of protons and electrons only.
C. The number of protons and neutrons only.
D. The number of protons, neutrons and electrons.
(Total 1 mark)

23. Which statements are correct for the emission spectrum of the
Hydrogen atom?
I. The lines converge at lower energies.
II. Electron transition to n =1 are responsible for lines in the UV region.
III. Lines are produced when electrons move from higher to lower
energy levels.
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III
(Total 1 mark)

24. What is the symbol for a species that contains 15 protons, 16

neutrons and 18 electrons?
A. S
31
16

B. S
31 3-
16

C. P
31
15

D. P
31 3-
15

(Total 1 mark)

25. What is the electron arrangement of an Al ion?

3+

A. 2, 8
B. 2, 3
C. 2, 8, 3
D. 2, 8, 8
(Total 1 mark)

26. What will happen to the volume of a fixed mass of gas if the
pressure and the Kelvin temperature are both doubled?
A. It will remain the same.
B. It will be double its initial volume.
C. It will be one-half its initial volume.
D. It will be four times its initial volume.
(Total 1 mark)
27. Which species has 54 electrons and 52 protons?
A. Te
128 2-
52

B. Xe
132 2+
54

C. Xe
132 2-
54

D. Te
128 2+
52

(Total 1 mark)

28. What is the correct sequence for the processes occurring in a mass
spectrometer?
A. vaporization, ionization, acceleration, deflection
B. vaporization, acceleration, ionization, deflection
C. ionization, vaporization, acceleration, deflection
D. ionization, vaporization, deflection, acceleration
(Total 1 mark)
30. State the number of protons, electrons and neutrons in the ion
15

N .
3–
7

………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………(Total 2 marks)
31. A sample of germanium is analysed in a mass spectrometer. The
first and last processes in mass spectrometry are vaporization and
detection.
(a) (i) State the names of the other three processes in the order in
which they occur in a mass spectrometer.
.................................................................................................................
........
.................................................................................................................
.....(2)

(ii) For each of the processes named in (a) (i), outline how the process
occurs.
.................................................................................................................
........
.................................................................................................................
........
.................................................................................................................
........
.................................................................................................................
........
.................................................................................................................
........
.................................................................................................................
.....(3)
(b) The sample of Germanium is found to have the following
composition:
(i) Define the term relative atomic mass.

.................................................................................................................
........
.................................................................................................................
........
.................................................................................................................
........
(2)
(ii) Calculate the relative atomic mass of this sample of Germanium,
giving your answer to two decimal places.
.................................................................................................................
........
.................................................................................................................
........
.................................................................................................................
........
.................................................................................................................
........
(2)
(Total 9 marks)

32. Define the following terms.

(i) atomic number
.................................................................................................................
...................
.................................................................................................................
...................
(1)
(ii) mass number
.................................................................................................................
...................
.................................................................................................................
...................
(1)
(Total 2 marks)

33. State the electron arrangements of the following species:

Si .............................................................................................................
...........................
P .............................................................................................................
3–

...........................
(Total 2 marks)
34. Identify the numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons in the
species S .
2–
33

.................................................................................................................
.............................
.................................................................................................................
.............................
(Total 1 mark)

35. State the electron arrangement for atoms of Aluminium, Nitrogen

and Fluorine.
(Total 2 marks)
36. The relative atomic mass of Chlorine is 35.45. Calculate the
percentage abundance of the two isotopes of Chlorine, Cl and Cl in a
35 37

sample of chlorine gas.

(Total 2 marks)
37. (a) Describe the following stages in the operation of the mass
spectrometer.
(i) ionization
(2)
(ii) deflection
(2)
(iii) acceleration
(1)
(b) (i) State the meaning of the term isotopes of an element.
(1)
(ii) Calculate the percentage abundance of the two isotopes of
Rubidium Rb and Rb.
85 87

(2)
(iii) State two physical properties that would differ for each of the
rubidium isotopes.
(1)
(iv) Determine the full electron configuration of an atom of Si, an Fe
3+

ion and a P ion.

3–

(3)
(Total 12 marks)
38. Naturally occurring copper has a relative atomic mass, (A ), of
r

63.55 and consists of two isotopes Cu and Cu.

63 65

(i) Define the term relative atomic mass, A .

r
.................................................................................................................
...................
.................................................................................................................
...................
.................................................................................................................
...................
(1)
(ii) State and explain which is the more abundant isotope.
.................................................................................................................
...................
.................................................................................................................
...................
.................................................................................................................
...................
(1)
(Total 2 marks)

39. The element vanadium has two isotopes, V and V and a

50 51
23 23

relative atomic mass of 50.94.

(a) Define the term isotope.
……………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………….
(1)
(b) State the number of protons, electrons and neutrons in V
50
23

……………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………….
(2)
(c) State and explain which is the more abundant isotope.
……………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………….
(1)
(d) State the name and the mass number of the isotope relative to
which all atomic masses are measured.
……………………………………………………………………………………….
(1)
(Total 5 marks)

40. (a) State a physical property that is different for isotopes of an

element.
.................................................................................................................
....................
(1)
(b) Chlorine exists as two isotopes, Cl and Cl. The relative atomic
35 37

mass of Chlorine is 35.45. Calculate the percentage abundance of each

isotope.
.................................................................................................................
....................
.................................................................................................................
....................
.................................................................................................................
....................
.................................................................................................................
....................
(2)
(Total 3 marks)

41. (a) Define the term isotope.

.................................................................................................................
....................
.................................................................................................................
....................
.................................................................................................................
....................
(2)
(b) A sample of Argon exists as a mixture of three isotopes.
mass number 36, relative abundance 0.337%
mass number 38, relative abundance 0.0630%
mass number 40, relative abundance 99.6%
Calculate the relative atomic mass of Argon.
.................................................................................................................
....................
.................................................................................................................
....................
.................................................................................................................
....................
.................................................................................................................
....................
(2)
(c) State the number of electrons, protons and neutrons in the ion Fe .
3+
56

electrons: ............................ protons: .............................

neutrons: ...........................
(2)
(Total 6 marks)
42. The element Bromine exists as the isotopes Br and Br, and has a 79 81

relative atomic mass of 79.90.

(a) Complete the following table to show the numbers of sub-atomic
particles in the species shown.

(3)
(b) State and explain which of the two isotopes 79Br and 81Br is more
common in the element bromine.
.................................................................................................................
..................
.................................................................................................................
..................
(1)
(c) The element Calcium is in the same period of the Periodic Table as
Bromine.
(i) Write the electron arrangement for an atom of Calcium.
.................................................................................................................
........
(1)
(ii) Deduce the formula of the compound Calcium Bromide.
.................................................................................................................
........
(1)
(Total 6 marks)
43. Some vaporized magnesium is introduced into a mass
spectrometer. One of the ions that reaches the detector is Mg .
+
25

(a) Identify the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in the Mg

+
25

ion.
.................................................................................................................
...................
.................................................................................................................
...................
(1)
(b) State how this ion is accelerated in the mass spectrometer.
.................................................................................................................
...................
.................................................................................................................
...................
(1)
(c) The Mg ion is also detected in this mass spectrometer by
2+
25

changing the magnetic field. Deduce and explain, by reference to the

m/z values of these two ions of magnesium, which of the ions Mg and
2+
25

Mg is detected using a stronger magnetic field.

+
25

.................................................................................................................
...................
.................................................................................................................
...................
.................................................................................................................
...................
.................................................................................................................
...................
(2)
(Total 4 marks)
44. (a) List the following types of electromagnetic radiation in order of
increasing wavelength (shortest first).
I. Yellow light
II. Red light
III. Infrared radiation
IV. Ultraviolet radiation
.................................................................................................................
....................
(1)
(b) Distinguish between a continuous spectrum and a line spectrum.
.................................................................................................................
....................
.................................................................................................................
....................
.................................................................................................................
....................
(1)
(c) The thinning of the ozone layer increases the amount of UV-B
radiation that reaches the Earth’s surface.
Type of Radiation
UV-A
UV-B
Wavelength / nm
320–380
290–320
Based on the information in the table above explain why UV-B rays are
more dangerous than UV-A.
.................................................................................................................
....................
.................................................................................................................
....................
.................................................................................................................
....................
.................................................................................................................
....................
.................................................................................................................
....................
(3)