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CBSE – CLASS XII – PHYSICS – CHAPTER 6
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
EXERCISE PROBLEMS
6.1 Predict the direction of induced current in the situations described by the following
Figures (a) to (f).
(a)
Solution:
The given figure shows the South pole of a bar magnet moving towards a closed loop.
According to Lenz’s law, the direction of the induced current will be such that the face
of the loop towards the approaching South pole behaves as South pole.
Therefore the induced current should flow in the clockwise direction i.e. along qrpq.
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(b)
Solution:
The given figure shows the South pole of a bar magnet moving towards the first loop
and North pole of the bar magnet moving away from the second loop.
According to Lenz’s law,
The direction of the induced current in the first loop will be such that the face of the
loop towards the approaching South pole behaves as South pole.
Therefore, the direction of the induced current will be along prq.
The direction of the induced current in the second loop will be such that the face of the
loop towards the North pole, which is moving away, behaves as South pole.
Therefore, the direction of the induced current will be along yzx.
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(c)
Solution:
When the tapping key is just closed, the clockwise current in the coil and the resulting
magnetic field rises from zero to a maximum value in a short time. Consequently, the
magnetic flux through the neighbouring coil also increases. This increase in magnetic
flux produces an induced current in the neighbouring coil.
According to Lenz’s law, the induced current opposes the increase in flux by producing
the magnetic field in the opposite direction.
Therefore the induced current should flow in the anticlockwise direction i.e. along yzx.
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(d)
Solution:
The given figure shows that the resistance is decreased by changing the rheostat setting.
Therefore the anticlockwise current in the coil and the resulting magnetic field will start
increasing. Consequently, the magnetic flux through the neighbouring coil increases.
This increase in magnetic flux produces an induced current in the neighbouring coil.
According to Lenz’s law, the induced current opposes the increase in flux by producing
the magnetic field in the opposite direction.
Therefore the induced current should flow in the clockwise direction i.e. along zyx.
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(e)
Solution:
When the tapping key is just released, the anticlockwise current in the coil and the
resulting magnetic field decreases from a maximum value to zero in a short time.
Consequently, the magnetic flux through the neighbouring coil also decreases. This
decrease in magnetic flux produces an induced current in the neighbouring coil.
According to Lenz’s law, the induced current opposes the decrease in flux by producing
the magnetic field in the same direction.
Therefore the induced current should flow in the anticlockwise direction i.e. along xry.
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(f)
Solution:
The current flowing through the straight conductor produces magnetic field in the plane
of the coil. No magnetic flux linked with the coil. Therefore, no current will be induced
in the coil.
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6.2 Use Lenz’s law to determine the direction of induced current in the situations described
by the Figure:
(a) A wire of irregular shape turning into a circular shape.
(b) A circular loop being deformed into a narrow straight wire.
Solution:
(a) A wire of irregular shape turning into a circular shape.
Due to change in shape, area increases and consequently the inward magnetic flux
linked with it also increases. This increase in inward magnetic flux produces an
induced current in the circular loop. c
b d
According to Lenz’s law, the induced current opposes the increase in inward
magnetic flux by producing the magnetic field in the outward direction.
Therefore the induced current should flow in the anticlockwise direction i.e. along
adcb.
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(b) A circular loop being deformed into a narrow straight wire.
Due to deformation of circular loop into a straight wire, its area decreases.
Consequently the outward magnetic flux linked with it also decreases. This decrease
in outward magnetic flux produces an induced current in the straight wire.
According to Lenz’s law, the induced current opposes the decrease in outward
magnetic flux by producing the magnetic field in the same outward direction.
Therefore the induced current should flow in the anticlockwise direction i.e. along
a’d’c’b’.
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6.3 A long solenoid with 15 turns per cm has a small loop of area 2.0 cm2 placed inside the
solenoid normal to its axis. If the current carried by the solenoid changes steadily from
2.0 A to 4.0 A in 0.1 s, what is the induced emf in the loop while the current is changing?
Solution:
n =15 turns per cm = 15 x 102 turns per m
Initial magnetic field inside the solenoid
B1= µonI1 = 4 x 3.14 x 10–7 x 15 x 102 x 2 = 120 x 3.14 x 10–5 = 376.8 x 10–5 = 3.768 x 10–3 T
Initial magnetic flux linked with the loop
φ1 = B1A cosθ = 3.768 x 10–3 x 2 x 10–4 x cos0o = 7.536 x 10–7 wb
Final magnetic field inside the solenoid
B2 = µonI2 = 4 x 3.14 x 10–7 x 15 x 102 x 4 = 240 x 3.14 x 10–5 = 753.6 x 10–5 = 7.536 x 10–3 T
Final magnetic flux linked with the loop
φ2 = B2A cosθ = 7.536 x 10–3 x 2 x 10–4 x cos0o = 15.072 x 10–7 wb
Induced emf in the loop
dφ φ −φ (15.072 x 10 −7 ) − (7.536 x 10 −7 ) 7.536 x 10 −7
ε=– =– 2 1 =– =–
dt t 0.1 10 −1
ε = – 7.536 x 10–6 V
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6.4 A rectangular wire loop of sides 8 cm and 2 cm with a small cut is moving out of a region
of uniform magnetic field of magnitude 0.3 T directed normal to the loop. What is the
emf developed across the cut if the velocity of the loop is 1 cm s–1 in a direction normal to
the (a) longer side (b) shorter side of the loop? For how long does the induced voltage
last in each case?
Solution:
x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x
(a)
x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x v
(b)
x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x
(a) When velocity is normal to longer side of the loop,
ε = Blv = 0.3 x 8 x 10–2 x 1 x 10–2 = 2.4 x 10–4 V
dis tan ce moved 2 x 10 −2
time (t) = = = 2 seconds
velocity 10 − 2
(b) When velocity is normal to shorter side of the loop,
ε = Blv = 0.3 x 2 x 10–2 x 1 x 10–2 = 0.6 x 10–4 V
dis tan ce moved 8 x 10 −2
time (t) = = = 8 seconds
velocity 10 − 2
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6.5 A 1.0 m long metallic rod is rotated with an angular frequency of 400 rad s–1 about an
axis normal to the rod passing through its one end. The other end of the rod is in contact
with a circular metallic ring. A constant and uniform magnetic field of 0.5 T parallel to
the axis exists everywhere. Calculate the emf developed between the centre and the ring.
Solution:
1
ε= BωL2
2
1
ε= x 0.5 x 400 x 12
2
ε = 100 V
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6.6 A horizontal straight wire 10 m long extending from east to west is falling with a speed
of 5.0 m s–1, at right angles to the horizontal component of the earth’s magnetic field,
0.30 x 10–4 Wb m–2.
(a) What is the instantaneous value of the emf induced in the wire?
(b) What is the direction of the emf?
(c) Which end of the wire is at the higher electrical potential?
Solution:
(a) Instantaneous value of the emf induced in the wire
ε = Blv = 0.3 x 10–4 x 10 x 5 = 15 x 10–4 V = 1.5 x 10–3 V
x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x
West East
x x x x x x x x x x
v
x x x x x x x x x x
(b) According to the Fleming’s right-hand rule, if we hold our right-hand forefinger,
middle finger and the thumb at right angle to each other, then, if the forefinger
represents the direction of the magnetic field and the thumb represents the direction
of motion of the conductor, then the direction of the middle finger represents the
direction of induced current in the conductor.
Therefore the induced current is flowing in the direction from West to East. The
induced EMF also acts from West to East.
(c) Eastern end of the wire is at the higher electrical potential.
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6.7 Current in a circuit falls from 5.0 A to 0.0 A in 0.1 s. If an average emf of 200 V induced,
give an estimate of the self-inductance of the circuit.
Solution:
dI
ε = –L
dt
I −I
ε = –L f i
t
0−5
200 = –L
0 .1
−5
200 = –L
10 −1
200 = 50L
200
L= =4H
50
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6.8 A pair of adjacent coils has a mutual inductance of 1.5 H. If the current in one coil
changes from 0 to 20 A in 0.5 s, what is the change of flux linkage with the other coil?
Solution:
φ2 = MI1
dφ 2 dI
=M 1
dt dt
dφ2 = M dI1
dφ2 = 1.5 x (20 – 0)
dφ2 = 30 Wb