General Concepts

Review

1. In which locations do most out-of-hospital cardiac arrests occur?

a. Healthcare clinics
b. Homes
c. Recreational facilities
d. Shopping centers
2. Which is the most common cause of cardiac arrest in children?
a. Cardiac problem
b. Congenital or acquired heart defect
c. Respiratory failure or shock
d. Infection and sepsis
3. What is the third link in the adult out-of-hospital Chain of Survival?
a. Advanced life support
b. High-quality CPR
c. Prevention
d. Rapid defibrillation
4. Which statement best describes sudden cardiac arrest?
a. When respiratory distress in adults occurs and the heart rate does not
change
b. When the heart rate is 40 to 60/min and respirations increase
c. When blood flow to the heart is blocked and the heart rate increases
d. When an abnormal rhythm develops and the heart stops beating

unexpectedly

Student Notes

1
 BLS for Adults

Review

Scenario: A 53-year-old man suddenly collapses and becomes unresponsive. You witness
him collapse and are the first rescuer to arrive at the scene. You find him lying motionless
on the floor.

1. Which is the first action you should take in this situation?

a. Activate the emergency response system
b. Start high-quality CPR, beginning with chest compressions
c. Start providing rescue breaths
d. Verify that the scene is safe for you and the victim
2. The man doesn’t respond when you touch his shoulders and shout, “Are you OK?” What
is your best next action?
a. Check his pulse
b. Start high-quality CPR
c. Start providing rescue breaths
d. Shout for nearby help
3. Several rescuers respond, and you ask them to activate the emergency response and
retrieve the AED and emergency equipment. As you check for a pulse and breathing, you
notice that the man is gasping for air and making “snorting” sounds. You do not feel a
pulse. What is your best next action?
a. Start high-quality CPR, beginning with chest compressions
b. Monitor the victim until additional, more experienced help arrives
c. Provide rescue breathing by delivering 1 breath every 5 to 6 seconds
d. Find someone to help by retrieving the nearest AED
4. What is the ratio of chest compressions to breaths when providing CPR to an adult? a.
10 compressions to 2 breaths
b. 15 compressions to 2 breaths
c. 30 compressions to 2 breaths
d. 100 compressions to 2 breaths
5. What are the rate and depth for chest compressions on an adult?
a. A rate of 60 to 80 compressions per minute and a depth of about 1 inch
b. A rate of 80 to 100 compressions per minute and a depth of about 1½ inches
c. A rate of 120 to 140 compressions per minute and a depth of about 2½ inches
d. A rate of 100 to 120 compressions per minute and a depth of at least 2 inches
6. What action should you take when more rescuers arrive?
a. Assign tasks to other rescuers and rotate compressors every 2 minutes or more
frequently if needed to avoid fatigue
b. Continue CPR while the AED is attached even if you are fatigued
c. Wait for the most experienced rescuer to provide direction to the team
d. Direct the team to assign a team leader and roles while you continue CPR
7. If you suspect that an unresponsive victim has head or neck trauma, what is the
preferred method for opening the airway?
a. Head tilt–chin lift
 b. Jaw thrust
c. Head tilt–neck lift
d. Avoid opening the airway

.
Student Notes

3
 Automated External Defibrillator for Adults
and Children 8 Years of Age and Older
Review

1. What is the most appropriate first step to take as soon as the AED arrives at the victim’s
side?
a. Power on the AED
b. Apply the pads
c. Press the analyze button
d. Press the shock button
2. Which step is one of the universal steps for operating an AED?
a. Placing the pads on the victim’s bare chest
b. Shaving the victim’s hairy chest
c. Removing the victim from water
d. Finding the victim’s implanted pacemaker
3. If a victim of cardiac arrest has an implanted pacemaker or defibrillator, what special
steps should be taken?
a. Avoid placing the AED pad directly over the implanted device
b. Avoid using the AED to prevent damage to the implanted device
c. Turn off the implanted device before applying the AED pads
d. Consider using pediatric pads to decrease the shock dose delivered
4. What action should you take when the AED is analyzing the heart rhythm? a. Check the
pulse
b. Continue chest compressions
c. Give rescue breaths only
d. Stand clear of the victim
.

Student Notes
 BLS for Infants and Children

Team Dynamics

Review

1. After performing high-quality CPR for 5 minutes, the team leader frequently interrupts
chest compressions to check for a pulse even though the victim has no organized
rhythm when the AED analyzes the rhythm. Which action demonstrates constructive
intervention?
a. Ask another rescuer what he thinks should be done
b. Say nothing that contradicts the team leader
c. Suggest to resume chest compressions without delay
d. Wait until the debriefing session afterward to discuss it
2. The team leader asks you to perform bag-mask ventilation during a resuscitation
attempt, but you have not perfected that skill. What would be an appropriate action to
acknowledge your limitations?
a. Pick up the bag-mask device and give it to another team member
b. Pretend you did not hear the request and hope the team leader chooses someone
else to do it
c. Tell the team leader that you are not comfortable performing that task
d. Try to do it as best you can and hope another team member will see you struggling
and take over
3. What is the appropriate action to demonstrate closed-loop communication when the
team leader assigns you a task?
a. Repeat back to the team leader the task you were assigned
b. Nod your head as an acknowledgment of the assigned task
c. Start performing the assigned tasks, but do not speak, to minimize noise
d. Wait for the team leader to address you by name before acknowledging the task.

Student Notes

5
 BLS for Infants and Children

Review
1. What is the correct compression-to-ventilation ratio for a single rescuer of a 3-year-old
child?
a. 15 compressions to 1 breath
b. 15 compressions to 2 breaths
c. 20 compressions to 2 breaths
d. 30 compressions to 2 breaths

2. What is the correct compression-to-ventilation ratio for a 7-year-old child when 2 or

more rescuers are present?
a. 15 compressions to 1 breath
b. 15 compressions to 2 breaths
c. 20 compressions to 2 breaths
d. 30 compressions to 2 breaths

3. For what age victim is the 2 thumb–encircling hands technique recommended when 2 or
more rescuers are present?
a. A child younger than 3 years
b. A child older than 3 years
c. An infant older than 1 year
d. An infant younger than 1 year
4. What is the correct chest compression depth for a child?
a. At least one fourth the depth of the chest, or about 1 inch
b. At least one third the depth of the chest, or about 1½ inches
c. At least one third the depth of the chest, or about 2 inches
d. At least one half the depth of the chest, or about 3 inches

5. What is the correct chest compression depth for an infant?

a. At least one fourth the depth of the chest, or about 1 inch
b. At least one third the depth of the chest, or about 1½ inches
c. At least one third the depth of the chest, or about 2 inches
d. At least one half the depth of the chest, or about 2½ inches

Student Notes
 Automated External Defibrillator for Infants
and Children Less Than 8 Years of Age
Review

1. What should you do when using an AED on an infant or a child less than 8 years of age?
a. Never use adult AED pads
b. Use adult AED pads
c. Use adult AED pads if the AED does not have child pads
d. Use adult AED pads, but cut them in half
2. If a manual defibrillator is not available for an infant victim, which action should you take?
a. Perform high-quality CPR
b. Use an AED equipped with a pediatric dose attenuator
c. Use an AED without a pediatric dose attenuator
d. Wait for advanced care to arrive
3. What is important to remember about AED pad placement on infants?
a. Ensure that pads overlap each other in very small infants
b. Place 1 adult pad on the chest
c. You may need to place 1 pad on the chest and 1 on the back, according to the
diagrams on the pads
d. If child AED pads are not available, do not use the AED See Answers to Review

Questions in the Appendix.

Student Notes

7
 Ventilation Techniques

Review

1. Which victim would need only rescue breathing?

a. Agonal gasping with no pulse
b. Breathing with a weak pulse
c. No breathing and a pulse
d. No breathing and no pulse

2. How often should rescue breaths be given in infants and children when
a pulse is present?
a. 1 breath every 2 to 3 seconds
b. 1 breath every 3 to 5 seconds
c. 1 breath every 5 to 6 seconds
d. 1 breath every 8 to 10 seconds

3. Which action can rescuers perform to potentially reduce the risk of

gastric inflation?
a. Delivering each breath over 1 second
b. Giving rapid, shallow breaths
c. Using a bag-mask device for delivering ventilation
d. Using the mouth-to-mask breathing technique

4. Which is the preferred technique for giving rescue breaths to an infant?

a. Mouth-to-mouth
b. Mouth-to-mouth-and-nose
c. Mouth-to-nose
d. Any method is acceptable

See Answers to Review Questions in the Appendix.

Student Notes
 Opioid-Associated Life-Threatening
Emergencies

Review

1. What is not an example of an opioid?

a. Heroin
b. Hydrocodone
c. Morphine
d. Naloxone

2. Your 27-year-old roommate uses opioids. You find him unresponsive

with no breathing, but a strong pulse. You suspect an opioid-associated
life-threatening emergency. A friend is phoning 9-1-1 and is looking for
the naloxone autoinjector. What action should you take?
a. Remain with your roommate until the naloxone arrives and
administer it immediately
b. Begin CPR, starting with chest compressions
c. Provide rescue breathing: 1 breath every 5 to 6 seconds
d. Provide rapid defibrillation with an AED

3. You encounter an unresponsive 56-year-old man who has been taking

hydrocodone after a surgical procedure. He is not breathing and has no
pulse. You notice that his medication bottle is empty. You suspect an
opioid-associated life-threatening emergency. A colleague activates the
emergency response system and is retrieving the AED and naloxone.
What is the most appropriate action for you to take next?
a. Wait for the naloxone to arrive before doing anything
b. Begin CPR, starting with chest compressions
c. Provide 1 rescue breath every 5 to 6 seconds until naloxone
arrives
d. Provide rapid defibrillation with the AED

Student Notes
 Choking Relief for Adults,
Children, and Infants

Review

1. Which is an example of a mild foreign-body airway obstruction?

a. Cyanosis (turning blue)
b. High-pitched noise while inhaling
c. Inability to speak or cry
d. Wheezing between coughs
2. Which victim of a severe airway obstruction should receive
abdominal thrusts?
a. An average-size 27-year-old man
b. A woman who is obviously pregnant
c. An obese 50-year-old man
d. An average-size 9-month-old infant
3. You are performing abdominal thrusts on a 9-year-old child when he
suddenly becomes unresponsive. After you shout for nearby help,
what is the most appropriate action to take next?
a. Begin high-quality CPR, starting with chest
compressions
b. Check for a pulse
c. Continue performing abdominal thrusts
d. Provide 5 back slaps followed by 5 chest thrusts See.

Student Notes
Answers to Review Questions

General Concepts: 1 .b, 2.c, 3.d, 4.d

BLS for Adults: 1 .d, 2.d, 3.a, 4.c, 5.d, 6.a, 7.b

AED for Adults and Children 8 Years of Age and Older:

1 .a, 2.a, 3.a, 4.d

Team Dynamics: 1 .c, 2.c, 3.a

BLS for Infants and Children: 1 .d, 2.b, 3.d, 4.c, 5.b

AED for Infants and Children Less Than 8 Years of

Age: 1 .c, 2.b, 3.c

Ventilation Techniques: 1 .c, 2.b, 3.a, 4.b

Opioid-Associated Life-Threatening Emergencies: 1 .d,

2.c, 3.b

Choking Relief for Adults, Children, and Infants: 1 .d,

2.a, 3.a