Name:- Asthavar Singh
B.E. 2nd Year(A1)
Question:
A C-frame subjected to a force of 15 kN is shown in Fig. 4.81. It is made of grey cast iron FG 300, and the factor of
safety is 2.5. Determine the dimensions of the cross-section of the frame.
Solution:
Ultimate tensile strength (Sut) = 300 N/mm²
Factor of safety = 2.5
Allowable tensile stress (σt) = Sut / FOS = 300 / 2.5 = 120 N/mm²
Step 1: Calculate axial stress (P/A)
Load (P) = 15,000 N
Area = t × 5t = 5t²
So, P/A = 15000 / (5t²) = 3000 / t²
Step 2: Calculate bending stress (Pey/I)
e (distance to center) = 7.5t
y (distance from neutral axis) = 2.5t
I (moment of inertia) = (1/12) × t × (5t)³ = (1/12) × t × 125t³ = (125/12)t⁴
Pey = 15000 × 7.5t × 2.5t = 281250t²
Pey/I = 281250t² / [(125/12)t⁴] = 27000 / t²
Step 3: Total stress
σt = P/A + Pey/I
120 = (3000 / t²) + (27000 / t²)
120 = 30000 / t²
t² = 30000 / 120 = 250
t = √250 = 15.81 mm
Answer: t = 15.81 mm
Matlab Code
% GIVEN VALUES
P = 15000; % Applied load in Newton
Sut = 300; % Ultimate tensile strength in N/mm^2
FS = 2.5; % Factor of safety
% STEP 1: ALLOWABLE STRESS
% Allowable tensile stress
sigma_allowable = Sut / FS;
% STEP 2: DIRECT STRESS
% Area A = 5 * t^2
% sigma_direct = P / A = 15000 / (5 * t^2)
% => sigma_direct = (15000 / 5) / t^2 = 3000 / t^2
% Direct stress expression (with t^2 in it)
sigma_direct = @(t) 15000 / (5 * t^2);
% STEP 3: BENDING STRESS FROM HINT
% e = 7.5 * t
% y = 2.5 * t
% I = (1/12) * base * height^3 = (1/12) * t * (5t)^3 = (125 / 12) * t^4
% sigma_bending = (P * e * y) / I = (15000 * 7.5 * t * 2.5 * t) / ((125 / 12) * t^4)
sigma_bending = @(t) (15000 * 7.5 * t * 2.5 * t) / ((125 / 12) * t^4);
% STEP 4: TOTAL STRESS = DIRECT + BENDING
% Total stress must equal allowable stress: sigma_direct + sigma_bending = sigma_allowable
% So: (3000 / t^2) + (27000 / t^2) = sigma_allowable
% Create function for total stress expression
total_stress = @(t) sigma_direct(t) + sigma_bending(t);
stress_equation = @(t) total_stress(t) - sigma_allowable;
% Use fzero to solve for t
t_initial_guess = 10;
t_solution = fzero(stress_equation, t_initial_guess);
% DISPLAY RESULTS
fprintf('Allowable Stress : %.2f N/mm^2\n', sigma_allowable);
fprintf('Required Thickness (t) : %.2f mm\n', t_solution);