Solution

SCIENCE TEST

Class 10 - Science

1. (a) When the object is kept at a distance less than its focal length
Explanation:
This satisfies the condition for forming a virtual, upright, and magnified image.
2. (a) P1 + P2
Explanation:
The net power of the lenses placed in contact is given by the algebraic powers of the individual powers.
Net power of the lens combination, P = P1 + P2

3. (a) 1

Explanation:

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1

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3

4.
(b) Pupil
Explanation:
The pupil is the opening in the centre of the iris that allows light to flow through. The iris controls the quantity of light that

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enters the eye by adjusting the size of the pupil. Ac
5.
(d) 1.414
Explanation:
The sine of the critical angle is equal to the reciprocal of the refractive index of that material i.e.
sin c =
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1

1
sin 45o = μ
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1
= 1

μ
√2

–
μ = √2 = 1.414
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6.
(c) The band of 7 colours.
Explanation:
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When a white light is passed through a prism it gets split into combination of seven colours which is known as the spectrum.
The colors of the spectrum of white light are those seen in a rainbow. They are usually named in order as: red, orange, yellow,
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green, blue, indigo and violet.

7.
(d) Violet and blue lights get scattered more than lights of all other colours by the atmosphere.
Explanation:
The clear sky is blue in color because blue light is scattered more than other colour of light by molecules of air.

8.
(c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation:
A is true but R is false.

9. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Explanation:

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 Human eye works like camera a because of its lens system. Light enters the eye through a thin membrane called the cornea. It
forms the transparent bulge on the front surface of the eyeball. The eye lens forms an inverted real image of the object on the
retina. Thus, both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
10.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation:
Dispersion takes place because the refractive index of the medium for different wavelengths (colors) is different. The refractive
index is inversely proportional to λ by Cauchy's expression as
d c
μ(λ) = r + +
2 4
λ λ

Hence, deviation (D) = (μ - 1)A

Since λred is more than other colors wavelength. So, the deviation is least for red and it appears farthest from the base of the
prism.

11. i. As the surface of the screen is rough, light incident on it undergoes reflection making the image visible from all the portions of

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the audience.
ii. If it was very smooth, reflected light would reach only a small part of the audience.

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iii. Then the image wouldn’t be visible due to its excessive brightness.
iv. A colored screen would change the color of the image.
v. A white surface reflects all colors equally producing the image in its actual color.

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12. a. Lens used is convex lens/converging lens
b. i. real
ii. inverted
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iii. magnified/enlarged
iv. forms beyond 2F2

c. at 2F1
13. i. A ray of light parallel to the principal axis of the concave lens appears to be coming from focus after refraction through the
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lens.
ii. A ray of light crossing through a principal focus, after refraction from a convex lens, will appear parallel to the principal axis.
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iii. A ray of light passing through the optical center suffers no refraction, that is, it passes undeviated. This is because, when it
passes through the optical center, it is perpendicular to the curved surface of the lens. Hence, the angle of incidence is zero and
therefore the angle of refraction is also zero.
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14. Dispersion is the phenomenon of splitting of white light into seven colors.
The band of colored components of seven colors is known as a spectrum.
As light ray travels through a glass prism, different colors of light bend at different angles to the incident ray. The violet light
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bends the most and the red light bends at least angle. The rays of prism bend along different paths and become distinct.
The ray diagram showing the dispersion of colors through a prism can be shown as follows:
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15. The clouds contain dust particles and water molecules of size bigger than the wavelength of visible light, so they scatter all
colours of incident white light from sun to the same extent and hence when the scattered light reaches our eyes, the clouds are
seen white.
16. Given focal length f of lens 20 cm
To obtain real and magnified image, the object should be placed between F1 and 2F1,So the range will be from 20 cm to 40 cm of
convex lens.
17. i. a. Object should be between pole and focus.

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 b. At the focus.
ii. a. Small head-convex mirror.
b. Legs of normal size-plane mirror.

18.

i. The phenomenon of splitting of white light into its constituent colours is called dipersion of light. It is caused due to difference
in speed of constituent colours of light travel in the medium other than air/vacuum because of different speed they bend at
different angles.
ii. In nature, this Phenomenon is observed in formation of rainbow where all the seven colours constituting white light is visible.
iii. Based on phenomenon of dispersion, we can conclude that
a. White light consists of seven colours. Violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange and red.
b. Violet light suffers maximum deviation and red light suffers minimum deviation.

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19. Different wavelengths deviate differently in the prism because the angle of refraction for different colours having different

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wavelengths is different while passing through the glass prism (medium). A light ray is refracted when it passes from one medium
to another at an angle and its speed changes. At the interface, it is bent in one direction if the material it enters is denser (when
light slows down) and in the other direction if the material is less dense (when light speeds up). Because different wavelengths
(colours) of light travel through a medium at different speeds, the amount of bending is different for different wavelengths. Violet

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is bent the most and red the least because violet light has a shorter wavelength, and short wavelengths travel more slowly through
a medium than longer ones do.
20. i. In case (I), object is beyond C. For concave mirrors, when the object is outside C, the image will be between C and F, and the
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image will be inverted and diminished (smaller than the object).
ii. In case (II), object is at C, so the image formed will be real and of same size.
iii. The dentist positions a small concave mirror so that the tooth is in focus. The dentist then examines a magnified image of the
tooth in the concave mirror. Because the tooth seems considerably larger in the concave mirror, the dentist may easily check
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the tooth defect.

OR
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We are aware that a virtual and expanded picture is created when an object is positioned between P and F of a concave mirror.
As a result, we can properly shave using concave mirror because the microscopic hairs are easily visible.
In scenario (III), the object is positioned between F and P, simulating the use of concave mirrors as shaving mirrors.
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21. i. Yes ,the earth appears blue to an astronaut in a spaceship due to the large scattering of blue light by the atmosphere.
ii. When a white light (from sun) enters the earth's atmosphere, it gets scattered away due to the atmospheric particles. Since,
blue colour has the minimum wavelength, so blue colour scatters the most and thus the sky appears blue.
iii. During sunset and sunrise, the rays have to travel a larger part of the atmosphere because they are very close to the horizon.
Therefore, light other than red is mostly scattered away. Most of the red light, which is the least scattered, enters our eyes.
Hence, the sun appears red.
OR
The wavelength of red light is the longest in visible light, so the red color is scattered the least by air molecules of the
atmosphere and therefore it can reach to a longer distance. That's why the red color is used for danger signal lights.

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22. a.

b. Given that f = -15 cm ; u = -25 cm; ho = 4 cm; v = ?

The mirror formula is

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1 1 1
= +
f u v

1 1 1

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= +
−15 −25 v

1 1 1
= −
v 25 15
1 3−5 −2
= =
v 75 75

⇒ v = -37.5 cm

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The screen should be placed 37.5 cm from the people of mirror and the image is real.
magnification
hi −v
m = =
ho u
Ac
hi −(−37.5)
=
4 −25

⇒ hi = −
37.5

25
× 4 = -6 cm
So the image is enlarged and inverted.
c. Uses of concave mirror:
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It is used as a shaving mirror.

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​It is used as reflector in torch, head light of automobiles etc.

23. i. The phenomenon of splitting of a beam of white light into its seven constituent colours when passed through a transparent
medium is known as dispersion, which was first discovered by Issac Newton in 1666. To understand this phenomenon, let us
take a thick sheet of cardboard and make a small hole or narrow slit in its middle allow sunlight to fall on the slit. This gives a
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narrow beam of white light. Now, take a glass prism and allow this white light to fall one of its faces as shown in figure. Turn
the prism slowly until the light that comes out of it appears on a nearby screen.
We see a beautiful band of seven colours on the screen called visible spectrum. The sequence of colours seen from the lower
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part of the screen is violet (V), indigo (I), blue (B), green (G), yellow (Y), orange (O) and red (R). The acronym for this is
VIBGYOR.
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ii. Red light has the maximum wavelength and violet light has the minimum

wavelength, so in a transparent medium except air and vacuum, red light having the largest wavelength suffers the least
deviation while violet light having the least wavelength bends the most.
As wavelength ∞ 1

deviation (or bending)

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