Class Notes: Introduction to Cybersecurity
Basics
Course: Information Security 101 | Instructor Handout & Lecture Notes
Learning Objectives
By the end of this lecture, students should be able to:
Define cybersecurity and explain its importance in modern society.
Identify common cyber threats (malware, phishing, ransomware).
Describe the CIA triad: Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability.
Explain the importance of strong passwords and multi-factor authentication.
Understand basic prevention strategies against cyber attacks.
1) Key Concepts
Cybersecurity refers to protecting systems, networks, and data from digital attacks. It
involves defending against unauthorized access, ensuring data privacy, and maintaining
system reliability.
2) The CIA Triad
Confidentiality: Keeping data private.
Integrity: Ensuring data is not altered.
Availability: Systems must remain accessible when needed.
3) Common Cyber Threats
Malware: Software designed to damage or gain unauthorized access.
Phishing: Fraudulent emails tricking users into revealing information.
Ransomware: Malware that locks files until ransom is paid.
Denial-of-Service (DoS): Overloading systems to make them unavailable.
4) Prevention Strategies
Use strong, unique passwords.
Enable multi-factor authentication (MFA).
Regularly update and patch systems.
Use antivirus and firewalls.
Educate users on safe online practices.
5) Case Study
In 2017, the WannaCry ransomware attack affected over 200,000 computers in 150
countries. It exploited outdated Windows systems. The incident highlighted the importance
of regular updates and backups.
Quick Quiz
1. What are the three elements of the CIA triad?
2. Give two examples of cyber threats.
3. Why is MFA considered more secure than just passwords?