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Theme: Diversity of Living & Non-living Things

1 characteristics Cha-rac-te-ris-tics The features that make one thing distinctive from others
are known as its___________ .

Plants and animals, as living things, _____to changes

2 responds Res-ponds
around them.
3 reproduce Re-pro-duce To ensure the continuity of their species, living things
_____________.
4 classification Clas~si-fi-ca-tion To group things that are diverse according to their similar
features for easier study is called .
5 Once alive Once a-live Paper, which comes from wood pulp, is ____________
6 Never alive Ne-ver a-live while a ceramic pot is __________ __.

7 Natural Na-tu-ral
A tree is while a wooden table is _.
8 Man-made Man-made

Theme: Animal Diversity

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No. Keywords Pronunciation Example
by Syllabus
1 Reproduction Re-pro-duc-tion To ensure continuity of their own species, all living things
go through the process of ___________ .

2 Habitat Ha-bi-tat The place living things live and interact in is called .

3 Diet Di-et The type of food animals eat is their _____________ .

Plant-eaters are _.
4 Herbivores Her-bi-vores

5 Carnivores Car-ni-vores Animal-eaters are .

6 Omnivores Om-ni-vores Plant and animals-eaters are .

7 Vertebrates Ver-te-brates Animals that have backbone are called ________.

Animals that have no backbone are called ______.
8 Invertebrates In-ver-te-brates

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9 Survival Sur-vi-val To continue the _ ____of their own kinds,
living things reproduce.
10 Endangered En-dan-gered When animals do not reproduce enough to replace
their dead, they will become ______________.

11 Extinction Ex-tinc-tion When the population of an animal falls to zero, they have
reached______________.

12 Mammals Mam-mals Lions, humans and dolphins belong to the animal group
named as____________.

13 Reptiles Rep-tiles Snake, turtles and lizards belong to the animal group
named as__________________.

14 Amphibians Am-phi-bians Toads, frogs and salamander belong to the animal group
named as __________________.

15 Segments Seg-ments Insects have 3 body parts also known as _________________.

16 Thorax Tho-rax Insects have 6 legs attached to this middle part of their
body known as __________________.

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17 Abdomen Ab-do-men Insects have this body part known as the ___________ at the
end of their body.

Theme: Animal Systems

1 Digestive Di-ges-tive The system in which food is broken down into simpler
substances is known as the _______________ system.

in our mouth has digestive juices that help

2 Saliva Sa-li-va
breaks down food from the start.

3 Gullet Gul-let The is a muscular tube transporting

food from the mouth.
4 Stomach Sto~mach The muscular organ that churns and digests food is also
known as the________________.
5 Intestine In-tes-tine Digestion ends at the small _________________ which also
absorbs the digested food while the _________________
6 Large ~ Lar-ge ~ intestine absorbs water from the undigested food.
7 Rectum Rec-tum Before passing to the anus, the undigested food pass
through the____________.

8 Anus A-nus Before passing out as feces, the undigested food pass
through the ______________.
9 Respiratory Res-pi-ra-to-ry The process in which oxygen is absorbed and carbon
dioxide removed is known as the _______________ system.

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10 Oxygen O-xy-gen Living things need __________________ gas to breathe.

11 Carbon dioxide Car-bon di-o-xide Living things breathe out ________________ gas.

12 Windpipe Wind-pipe The _______________________ transport air to and from the

lungs.

The process in which oxygen, digested food & water is

13 Circulatory Cir-cu-la-to-ry transported to and carbon dioxide & waste products are
transported away from our body parts is known as the
___________________ system.

14 Heart Heart The is a muscular organ that pumps our

blood.
15 Blood Vessels Blood Ves~sels The tubes in which our blood flows through are known in
general as our ______________ _______________.

16 Skeletal Ske-le-tal The system in which the bones in our body are
connected by is known as the _________system.

The protects our eyes and brains.

17 Skull S-kull

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18 Ribcage Rib-cage The protects our lungs and heart.

19 Hipbone Hip-bone The protects our bladder.

20 Spinal cord Spi-nal cord The _ is protected by our backbone.

21 Muscular Mus-cu-lar The system and the skeletal

system works together to enable us to move.

Theme: Animal Cycles

All insects, birds, reptiles and amphibians started their

1 Life stages Life sta-ges
_________________ as an egg.

Only ___________ _________of certain insects such as the

2 Matured Ma-tur-ed A-dults
cockroach can fly.
Adults
The young of a grasshopper (ie looks like) the adult.
3 Resembles Re-sem-bles

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4
Larva Lar-va The _of a butterfly eats ferociously to grow bigger and
bigger.

5 Pupa Pu-pa At the _stage, the insect does not eat.

6 Nymph Ny-mph The young of an insect with 3 stage life cycle is known as the
______________.
7 Hatch Hat-ch The eggs need to ____________ before moving to the next stage
of their life cycle.
The young to shed their outer coverings and grow bigger.
8 Moult Mo-ult

Plants
Theme: Plant Diversity
No. Keywords Pronunciation Example
by Syllabus

1 Chlorophyll Chlo-ro-ph-yll The green pigment in leaves that traps light energy is
called_________________ .

2 Photosynthesis Pho-to-syn-the-sis The process in which green plants make food is known as
.

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3 Stems Stems The part of the plants that grows upwards for them to
trap more sunlight and also transport food & water is
known as _.

The climbs supports to grow upwards

4 Climbers ~ Clim-bers
for trapping more sunlight to make food.

The grow outwards at the ground level over

5 Creepers ~ Cree-pers
large area for trapping more sunlight to make food.

Theme: Plant Systems

1 Leaves Leaves The part of the plants that uses sunlight to make food is known as
_______________.
2 Flowers Flo-wers The part of some plants that have petals and will only develop when
they are matured is known as____________.

3 Fruits Fruits __________developed from flowers that have been fertilized.

4 Edible ~ E-di-ble ~ Fruits that can be eaten are__________ .

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 Poisonous or indigestible fruits that cannot be eaten
5 Inedible ~ In-e-di-ble ~ are_______________________.
The function of fruits is to protect the___________ inside.
6 Seeds Seeds
7 Spores Spores Some non-flowering plants such as ferns and mosses reproduced
by _________________ .
8 Roots Roots The function of____ is to anchor the plant into the soil and
absorb water & mineral salts.
Some plants such as carrots have roots.
9 Storage ~ Sto-rage ~
10 Clasping ~ Clas-ping ~ Some plants such as the money plant have_________ roots that
allow them to climb supports.
Some plants have roots that enable them additional support
11 Prop ~ Prop ~
as they grow taller.
Theme: Plant Cycles
1 Germination Ger-mi-na-tion The process in which seeds become seedlings is called __________.

The young of a plant that just grew out of a seed is called

2 Seedling Seed-ling
___________.

3 Seed Coat Seed Coat The first sign of germination after a seed absorbed water is the
breaking of__________ _____.

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 The provides the young shoots with food
4 Seed Leaves Seed Leaves
until the real leaves are developed to make food.
5 Pollination Po-lli-na-tion The process in which pollen grains are transferred from the
anther to the stigma of the flower is called _____________.
Animals such as birds & insects help in the process while
collecting nectar.
6 Fertilization Fer-ti-li-za-tion The process in which the nucleus of a male cell fuses with the
nucleus of a female cell is called____________ .

Decomposers: Fungi & Bacteria

Theme: Decomposers Diversity
No. Keywords Pronunciation Example
by Syllabus
1 Decomposer De-com-po-sers Two types of _ are
2 Fungi Fun-gi f______________ and b_____________ .
3 Bacteria Bac-te-ria

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4 Simpler Sim-pler After decomposers break down dead or living materials
substances Sub-stances into_________________ , they can be return to the soil
Nu-trients as___________ .
5 Nutrients
6 Bread mould Bread mould After bread is left in the open for a few days, fungi known
as ___________ will be formed.

7 Spore bags Spore bags The _______ are located in-between the
8 Gills gills c _______ and g ____________of a toadstool.
9 Cap cap
10 Microscope mi-cro-s-cope An instrument used for magnifying small objects many
times is known as the _____________________ .

11 Micro- Mi-cro- or-gan-is-ms Living things which cannot be seen with naked eyes are
known as -_________________.
organisms

Animals & Plants

Theme: Animal & Plant Systems

1 Respiratory Res-pi-ra-to-ry The process in which living things take in oxygen and gives off
carbon dioxide is known as_________ system.

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2 Spiracles Spi-ra-cles Insects have breathing holes in their body known as
_________________.

3 Diaphragm Dia-ph-ragm is the muscular tissue which moves up and

down when we breathe in and out.

4 Air Sacs Air Sacs Our lungs have which enlarges the surface area
for gas exchange to take place.
5 Stomata^ Sto-ma-ta Plants have tiny holes on their leaves that can open bigger
during photosynthesis known as _________________.

6 Atmospheric At-mos-phe-ric Humans take in _ oxygen from the air around.

7 Dissolved ~ Dis-solved Some animals such as fish and tadpoles have gills that take
in______________ oxygen in the water.
8 Circulatory & Cir-cu-la-to-ry & Both the _ system in humans and system in
plants involved moving of materials in different tubes.
9 Transport ~ Trans-port
The carries blood from the heart and is hence thick-
10 Arteries Ar-te-ries
walled.

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 The fine allows exchange in materials between the
11 Capillaries Ca-pi-lla-ries
Blood and tissues and is hence thin-walled.

The carries blood back to the heart and is hence thin-

12 Veins Veins
walled.
The in our blood contains nutrients and waste
13 Plasma Plas-ma
materials mixture in liquid.

14 Platelets Plate-lets The helps to clot our wound to prevent excessive

blood loss.
The tubes carry water into the leaves for photosynthesis.
15 Xylem Xy-lem

The tubes in plants carry food away from the

16 Phloem Ph~loem
leaves to other plant parts.

17 Starch Starch After the plant makes food in the form or sugar, the sugar is then
converted to____________ and stored up.

18 Cells Cells _____is the basic unit of life in living things.

19 Uni-cellular Uni- cell-u-lar Single cell organisms are also known as _ -

_____________organisms.

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20 Multi-cellular Mul-ti –cell-u-lar _________ -______________organisms are made up of
many cells.

Plants have ______ ___________ to give them a regular,

21 Cell Walls Cell Walls
rigid shape.
22 Cell Cell Mem-brane The part of the cell that controls the movement of materials in
Membrane and out is called the ______ _________ .

23 Nucleus Nu-cle-us The part of the cell that controls all the activities and contains
genetic materials is called the ______________.

24 Cytoplasm Cy-to-pla-sm The jelly-like part of the cell that contains many cell parts is called
the______________ .

25 Chloroplasts Chlo-ro-plasts The greenish part of the plant cell that contains chlorophyll
which can trap light energy is called the_________________.

Theme: Animal & Plant Cycles

When a parent cell reproduces by splitting into 2 daughter

1 Binary Bi-na-ry
2 cells, the process is called __________ ___________An
Fission Fis-sion
example is an an ____________cell.
Amoeba
A-moe-ba

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3 Budding Bud-ding When a parent cell reproduces by growing out a new bud, the
process is called_________ . An example is a y__________ cell.
4 Yeast Y-east
5 Asexual A-sex-ual When there is only a single parent in reproduction process, it is
called__________ fertilization.
6 Fertilization^ Fer-ti-li-za-tion^ When a male pollen grain reached the female ovules and fuses
with it,_____ had taken place.
7 internal ~ In-ter-nal ~ When fertilization takes place with the egg cell is still in the
female’s body, it is called ________________ fertilization.

8 external ~ Ex-ter-nal ~ When fertilization takes place with the egg cell is outside the
female’s body, it is called ______________fertilization.
9 Sperms Sperms Human male reproductive cells are called _.
Human male reproductive cells are produced at the
10 Testes Tes-tes ________________.
Female ova cells are produced at the _________.
11 Ovaries O-va-ries

12 Womb Womb The baby develops inside its mother’s .

13 Gestation Ges-ta-tion is the period of time from fertilization to delivery of
the baby. For humans, it is about _____months.
14 Nucleus Nu-cle-us Similar to those of the plant cell, an animal cell’s _ _______
contains genetic information.

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15 Zygote Zy-go-te After fertilization, the cells multiply rapidly to form a ball of cells
named___________ .

16 Embryo Em-br-yo After 3 months, the ______develop to form an

17 Foetus Foe-tus _____which have complete major organs.

18# Umbilical Um-bi-li-cal cord The ____________ provides nourishment and oxygen
cord
from the mother’s body to the developing baby.

19 Amniotic sac Am-ni-o-tic sac The _ , commonly known as the “water bag”,
protect the developing baby from external shocks.
20 heredity He-re-di-ty is the passing of characteristics from parent’s to ___.
21 offspring off-spring
contains information to be passed down to the next
22 Genes Ge-nes
generation.

23 Earlobes Ear-lo-bes One characteristic that can be passed down are the shape
of the__________ , which can be a _________or
24 attached ~ at-tach-ed ~ d_______________ .
25 detached ~ de-tach-ed~

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26 Dimples Dim-ples Another characteristic that can be passed down are the
_________________on the face.

27 Germination Ger-mi-na-tion The process in which seeds becoming seedlings is called

_____________________.
The young of a plant that just grew out of a seed is called a
28 Seedling Seed-ling
_________________.
29 Seed Coat Seed Coat The first sign of germination after a seed absorbed water is
the breaking of______ _________ .
30 Seed Leaves Seed Leaves The provides the young shoots with
food until the real leaves are developed to make food.

31 Pollination Po-lli-na-tion The process in which pollen grains are transferred from
the anther to the stigma of the flower is called
________________Animals such as birds & insects help in
the process while collecting nectar.
32 Fertilization Fer-ti-li-za-tion The process in which the nucleus of a male cell fuses
with the nucleus of a female cell is called .

33 Dispersal Dis-per-sal Different plants spread their seeds in different methods

of_______ .

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34 Bi-sexual ~ Bi-sex-ual Plants like the hibiscus plant with male and female
flower parts together have flowers.
35 Anther An-ther The flower part that produces pollen grains is called
the____________.
36 Pollen grains Po-llen grains The male reproductive cell of a plant is called____________.

37 Filament Fi-la-ment The male part of a flower that supports the anther is known
as__________ .
38 Stigma Stig-ma The flower part that receives pollen grains is called
the___________________.
39 Style Style The female part of a flower that supports the stigma is
known as__________ .
40 Ovaries O-va-ries Once fertilized, _ will become fruits.

41 Ovules O-vules Once fertilized, will become seeds.

42 Uni-sexual Uni-sex-ual Plants like the maize plant with male and female flower
parts separately have ______flowers.

43 Dispersal Dis-per-sal In order for plants to avoid competition for nutrients,

water, space and light, there is need for seed .

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44 Splitting Split-ting Dispersal by explosive actions is also known as
by_________________.
Theme: Living Energy
1 Starch Star-ch Test for the presence of and hence
2 Iodine test I-o-dine test photosynthesis is by using the ____________ which is
3 Brown, Blue
Brown, Blue verified by change of colour from b ________to dark
b_______________.
4 Stomata S-to-ma-ta Tiny openings on leaves surface that allows gaseous
exchange and transpiration is known as
______________.
5 Carbon dioxide Car-bon di-o-xide Living things breathe out __________ ________gas.

Living things needed ___gas to breathe.

6 Oxygen O-xy-gen

7 Photosynthesis Pho~to~syn~the~sis In green plants, carbon dioxide and water in the

presence of light energy and chlorophyll will release
sugar and oxygen during________ .

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8 Respiration Res~pi~ra~tion For all living things (including plants in the absence of
light), oxygen & sugar (digested food) in the cells will
release energy, water vapour and carbon dioxide during
.

9 transport Tran-s-port All life processes requires some form of

_____________or movement of materials.
10 Mineral salts Mi-ne-ral salts ________ ____ _____________ are transported at the
water-carrying tubes as it is dissolved in water.

Physical Science
Matter

Theme: Materials Diversity

No. Keywords Pronunciation Example
by Syllabus

1 ground ground Materials such as iron and copper are dug out from
the__________________.

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 Materials that are not made by humans are_____________.
2 Natural Na-tu-ral

3 Man-made Man-made Materials that are not formed in nature

4 Synthetic Syn-the-tic are______________. Some materials like rubber can
be natural or s____________.

5 Metals Me-tals are good conductors while_________ are

6 Non-metals Non- me-tals bad conductors.

7 Properties Pro-per-ties Characteristics are also known as _ .

8 Hardness Hard-ness is the ability to withstand scratches.

9 Strength Streng-th is the ability to withstand loads.

is the ability to bend without breaking.

10 Flexibility Fle-xi-bi-li-ty

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11 Elasticity E-las-ti-ci-ty is the ability to return to the original
state after removal of the force that changes it.

12 Waterproof Wa-ter -proof The property of an object that does not allow water
to pass through is known as ______.

13 Transparent Trans-pa-rent The property of an object that allow light to pass through
is known as_______________ .
14 Translucent Trans-lu-cent The property of an object that allows some light to pass
through is known as _______________.
15 Opaque O-paque An object that does not allow light to pass through is
known as an _____________ object.
16 Conduct Con-duct Metals are known to ______heat and electricity well.
Theme: States of Matter Cycles
1 Matter Mat-ter
2 M have and o_________ __ .
Mass Mass
3 Occupies space Oc-cu-pies space

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4 Solid So-lid
5 The 3 states of matter are , _ and .
Liquid Li-quid
6 Gas Gas
is the gravity force acting on an object.
7 Weight Weight

8 Volume Vo-lume is the amount of space occupied by an object.

9 Non-matter Non- mat-ter Light and heat energy, which do not have mass and
volume, are examples of_______________.

Solids have shapes and volume.

10 Definite De-fi-nite
11 Shape Shape The of liquid and gas will change
depending on their containers.
Gas has no fixed volume and can be .
12 Compressed Com-pressed

Theme: States of Water Cycles

1 Freezing Free-zing When the state of a matter changes from liquid to solid, it
is_____________ .

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2 Melting Mel-ting When the state of a matter changes from solid to liquid, it
is________________ .

3 Boiling Boi-ling When the state of a matter changes from liquid to gas, it is
b______________ .

4 Evaporation When water changes from liquid to gas state below 100oC, it is
E-va-po-ra-tion
called e __________.
5 Condensation Con-den-sa-tion The process in which the state of a matter changes from gas to
liquid is called ________________.
6 Humidity Hu-mi-di-ty The measurement of the amount of water vapour present in the
air is called____________ .
7 Exposed Ex-posed The greater the __ __ _______ , the greater
Surface area Sur-face area the rate of evaporation.

9 Wind & Wind & tem- The greater the w _____ exposure and the
pera-ture
temperature higher the t __________, the greater the rate of
evaporation.
10 Water Cycle Wa-ter Cy-cle The movement of water from the surface of the earth and
atmosphere and back again is known as ______ _____ .

11 Atmosphere At-mos-phere The layer of gases above the earth’s surface is known as
the________ .

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12 Precipitation Pre-ci-pi-ta-tion After the clouds become heavy, it falls as rain which is also
known as________ .

13 Perspiration Per-spi-ra-tion The process in which some animals cool down by losing water
from their outer-covering is known as .

14 Transpiration Tran-spi-ra-tion The process in which plants lose water from their stomata is
known as__________ .

Sea water undergoes to obtain fresh water.

15 Distillation Dis-til-la-tion

Theme: Interactions

1 Magnets Mag-nets will always point at the same direction when

freely suspended.
2 North pole Nor-th pole The 2 poles of a magnet are pole and
3 South pole Sou-th pole _______________pole.

4 Like poles Like poles Same poles of magnet are also known as _____poles.
5 repel Re-pel They will always _ each other.

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6 Unlike Un-like poles Different poles of magnet are also known as ____ poles.
7 poles attracts At-tracts They will always _ each other.

8 Magnetism Mag-net-ism Magnetic force, also known as _ , cannot pass

through materials such as iron.

9 Magnetic Mag-ne-tic Cobalt, nickel and steel are examples of __ .

Materials Ma-te-rials

is a method in which temporal magnets can

10 Stroking Stro-king
be formed by moving a magnet in the same direction
circular motion on top of a magnetic material.

11 Induction In-duc-tion is a method in which temporal magnets can

be formed by any magnetic material in contact with a
magnet.

_ is a temporal magnet which can be

12 Electromagnet E-lec-tro-mag-net formed by coiling wires around a magnetic material and
allowing electricity to pass through it.

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 Non-Matter

Theme: Energy
No. Keywords Pronunciation Example
by Syllabus

1 Light Energy Light E-ner-gy energy enables us to see.

2 Straight lines Strai-ght lines Light travels in .

3 Source Sour-ce Objects that emit light by themselves so that we can

see directly at it is called the _ of light.

Light can be _ on a flat and smooth surface such as

4 Reflected Re-flec-ted
a mirror.
5 Regular Re-gu-lar Ir- reflection gives clear image, but
reflection gives diffused images.
6 Irregular re-gu-lar

Laterally La-te-ra-lly Reflection causes our images to be ____ __

7
___________,i.e. our left becomes right and vice versa.
inverted in-ver-ted

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8 Transparent Trans-pa-rent objects allow light to pass through it.

objects allow partial light to pass through

9 Translucent Trans-lu-cent
it.

10 Opaque O-paque^ objects don’t allow light to pass through

it.

11 Adsorption Ad-sorp-tion Light can undergo reflection, a ________ and

12
Transmission Trans-mis-sion t______________ when it falls on materials.
13 Shadows Sha-dows are formed when light is blocked by a
non-transparent object.
14 Sizes Si-zes The same object can form shadows of
15 Brightness Bright-ness different s___ ,b ,
16 Sharpness Sharp-ness s and s .
17 Shapes Shapes

18 Heat Energy H-eat E-ner-gy energy makes things hot.

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 is the measurement of the degree of
19 Temperature Tem-pe-ra-ture
hotness and coldness of the body.

We can use a clinical _ to measure our body’s

20 Thermometer Ther-mo-me-ter
temperature.
Heat travels from a hotter place to a colder place.
21 Heat Transfer Heat Trans-fer
Heat is the process in
22 Lose Lose
which the hotter object heat and the
23 Gain Gain
colder object __________________ heat.
24 surrounding Sur-roun-ding The temperature of a hot cup of coffee will eventually
reach room temperature, which is the same temperature
of the______________ air.

25 Freezing point Free-zing po-int The f _____of pure water is 0 oC.

26 Melting point Mel-ting po-int The _ of a substance is also the

same temperature in which it freezes.

27 Boiling point Boi-ling po-int The b of pure water is 100 oC.

28 Conductors Con-duc-tors Good of heat allows heat to pass through
easily.

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29 Insulators In-su-la-tors Heat do not allow heat to pass through easily.

30 Expansion Ex-pan-sion In general, when matter gains heat, its volume will
increase. This process is also known as heat___ __.
31 Contraction Con-trac-tion In general, when matter loses heat, its volume will
decrease. This process is also known as heat _______.

strips, which bends when heated, are made

32 Bi-metallic Bi-me-tal-lic
of 2 metals with different rates of expansion joined
together.
Theme: Electrical Systems

1 Electrical E-lec-tri-cal A simple circuit is an _ system.

_____________ electrical appliances converts most of
2 Efficient E-ffi-cient the electrical energy to useful energy and hence waste
less energy.
Good of electricity allows electricity to pass
3 Conductors ^ Con-duc-tors through easily.
4 Insulators ^ In-su-la-tors Electrical do not allow heat to pass through
easily.

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 A can be use to determine
5 Circuit tester Cir-cuit tes-ter
whether an object conducts electricity or not.

6 Positive Po-si-tive A battery has two ends, the p and n end.

7 Negative Ne-ga-tive

8 Bulbs Bulbs In a simple circuit, the lights up and the

9 switches swit-ches controls the flow of electricity.

In a , electricity can flow.

11 Closed circuit Clo-sed cir-cuit

12 Open circuit O-pen cir-cuit In an _, electricity cannot flow.

13 Batteries Bat-te-ries are needed to provide electricity in a simple

circuit.
In cards, different points are connected
14 Circuit cards Cir-cuit cards
directly or indirectly connected behind.

In order to light up, one wire need to be connected to the

15 Metal casing Me-tal ca-sing metal c and the other to the metal
16 Metal tip Me-tal tip t of the bulb.

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 The , which is made of tungsten, light up when
17 filament Fi-la-ment
electricity flow through.

18 fuses Fu-ses When the bulb f , it can no longer be lighted up.

19 series Se-ries Adding batteries arranged in will cause bulb to be brighter.

20 parallel Pa-ra-llel Arranging bulbs in will prevent one blowing bulb

from causing all other bulbs not to light up.
Theme: Physical Energy

1 Energy E-ner-gy is the ability to do work.

2 Potential Po-ten-tial energy is stored energy.

3 Gravitational Gra-vi-ta-tion-al Potential energy increases with increasing

mass and height

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4 Elastic E-las-tic Potential energy is possessed by a
wound-up spring toy.
Potential energy is possessed by the food we
5 Chemical Che-mi-cal
eat.
6 Kinetic Ki-ne-tic energy is possessed by any moving object.
It depends on mass & speed.

A - _ power station requires a dam to be

7 Hydro- Hy-dro – e-lec-tri-cal built to store water behind in order to generate
electrical
electricity.
Theme: Interactions of Forces

1 Forces For-ces F cannot be seen but its effects can be felt.

2 Push Push It consists of 3 types: namely a p_ _,

3 Pull Pull p__________ and combined p___ & p _______.

4 Stationary Sta-tion-ary As_ _ object is an object at rest, i.e. not moving.

34
 A _ force exerts an attractive or
5 Magnetic Mag-ne-tic
repulsive force with another magnet.

The _ force of earth exerts a pulling

6 Gravitational Gra-vi-ta-tion-al
force on all objects on or near the earth’s surface.
is the measurement of the amount of
7 Mass M-ass
substance in a body and is constant (i.e. cannot change
by itself). It can be measured using a beam or lever
balance.
On the other hand, is the measurement of the
8 Weight W-eight
amount of gravitational force on a body and it can change
depending on location. It can be measured using a spring
balance.

9 Elastic E-las-tic
An force is exerted by a wound up spring.

It will cause the spring to return to its length once the

10 Original O-ri-gi-nal
force is removed.

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11 Extension Ex-ten-sion When the spring is pulled at its end, the difference between the
new and old lengths is the _.

12 Compression Com-pres-sion When the spring is pushed at its end, the difference between
the new and old lengths is the .

13 frictional Fric-tion-al force opposes movement and causes wear and

tear.

Life & Physical Science

Theme: Interactions Living Things & Their Environment

1 environment En-vi-ron-ment The is made up of living and non-living

things.

Inter- Both the plants & animals living in the same location are
2 In-ter- de-pen-dent
______________ on each other, i.e. they need each other to
dependent survive.
3 Population Po-pu-la-tion Group of organisms of the same kind living and
reproducing in the same place is called a___________.

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4 Community Com-mu-ni-ty Different populations living and interacting together in the
same place is called a __________.
5 Habitat Ha-bi-tat Another name for living environment is h _.

The community is dark and humid with

6 Rotting Log ~ Rot-ting Log ~
living things such as termites, centipede, ants, snails and
fungi.

7 Leaf litter ~ Leaf lit-ter ~ The community is also dark and humid as
it is covered by piles of dead leaves.

The community is alive with plants and animals

8 Pond ~ Pond ~
such as hydrilla and fishes.

Fish, tadpoles and dragonfly nymphs have gills that enable them
9 dissolved Dis-solved to breathe__________ oxygen under water.

10 Atmospheric At-mos-phe-ric Water scorpion and water stick insects have breathing tubes
that enable them to breathe oxygen under water.

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11 visitors vi-si-tors Cats and dogs are not considered the populations in a field
community but just .
Theme: Interactions - Web of Life
1 Energy flow E-ner-gy flow E f can be traced back to the sun which provides
light
energy to the plants.

2 Food Chain Food Chain A links plants to the animals.

3 Food web Food web A _______ _____ _________ is actually made up of

multiple food chains interconnected together.

4 Food Producers Food Pro-du-cers __ _ _ __are plants that can produce food.

5 Food Food Con-su-mers _ are animals that eat plants or other

animals for food.
Consumers
6 Primary Pri-ma-ry ______ consumers are eaten by _________
7 Secondary Se-con-da-
consumers which in turn are eaten by
8 Tertiary ry Ter-tia-ry
______________consumers.

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9 Predator Pre-da-tor The lion is the p while the deer is its p in the
10 Prey Prey food chain.
The _ shows that the highest
11 Food Pyramid Food Py-ra-mid
population at the base while the lowest population at the
top.
When living things die, the will start to work to
12 Decomposers De-com-po-sers
break them down into simpler substances. An example is a
fungi.

of decomposition such as ants and termites

13 Agents of A-gents of
help to speed up the process by breaking matter into
Decomposition De-com-po-si-tion
smaller pieces but are not considered decomposers.

Theme: Interactions - Adaptation

are special features that enable a living

1 Adaptation A-dap-ta-tion thing to survive comfortably with the living conditions in
its natural habitat.
The physical features that enable living things to adapt are
2 Structural ~ Struc-tu-ral ~ called________ adaptation.

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 When owls hunt only at night, they are displaying
3 Behavioural Be-ha~viou-ral
__________ adaptation.

or weather conditions affects the living

4 Climates Cli-mates
conditions of a habitat which in turns affect the living
things found there.
If the weather condition is very cold, animals that survive
Insulating In-su-la-ting
5 well usually have an ___________fat layer that reduces
fat la-yer
fat layer
body’s heat loss .
6 Dissipates heat Di-ssi-pates heat If the weather condition is very hot, animals such as the
fennec fox survive well with large surfaces in its huge ears
that _________________ heat and hence reduces body’s
temperature.

7 Streamlined Stream-lined In order to reduce resistance to motion, animals such as

body shape bo-dy shape birds and most fishes have _______body shapes.

To enable easy movement in water, animals such as ducks and

8 Webbed feet Web-bed feet frogs have_________ feet.

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 To enable easy movement inside water, animals such as
9 Flippers Flip-pers
dolphins and seals have _________.

Water boatman has __________-like legs to propel forward in

10 Oar-like legs Oar-like legs
water.

11 Blubber layer Blub-ber layer The thick layer in the sea lion helps them to balance
under water and keeps them warm.

12 Blow hole Blow hole The of the whale is located near its head so
that it can breathe air while keeping the rest of its body under
water.

13 Breathing tube Breath~ing The mosquito larva has that enable it to breathe
tube
atmospheric oxygen under water.

Crabs stored water inside their body so that by using

14 Gill chambers Gill cham-bers their__________ ____________ they can breathe dissolved
oxygen on land.

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 Worms and amphibians have _________ _______that
15 Moist skin Moist skin enables them to breathe dissolved oxygen on land.

16 Talons Ta-lons The sharp claws of the eagle is also known as _ _______.

17 Camouflage Ca-mou-flage The purpose of _____is either to avoid detection by

potential predators or preys.
18 Mimic Mi-mic The method in which an animal adapted by copying or imitating
closely another animal to fool potential predators or prey is
called __________________.
Carnivorous animals have sharp teeth called to tear flesh.
19# Incisors In-ci-sors
Herbivorous animals have blunt teeth called to grind
20# molars Mo-lars plants.

21 Hollow bones Hol-low bones Birds have light, _ structure to reduce the effort
of flying.

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 Theme: Interactions - Human Impact

Man’s _ on the environment since the

1 Man’s impact Man’s im-pact
industrial age has been more negative than positive.
involves the preservation of precious
2 Conservation Con-ser-va-tion resources for the next generations and also minimizing
wastage.
The rate of of resources increases as
3 depletion De-ple-tion
rapidly as the rate of human population increases.
resources can be replenished naturally
4 Renewable Re-new-a-ble but resources such as coal & natural gas c
5 Non-renewable Non- re-new-a-ble cannot.

is the unpleasant change in the

6 Pollution Pol-lu-tion
environment that causes it to be unsuitable for living
things to live.
is the cutting down of large areas of
7 Deforestation De-fo-res-ta-tion forest, usually to make way for cities and farms.

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8 Loss of habitat Loss of ha-bi-tat Loss of deprives animals from a place where they
can live, find food and reproduce.

9 Loss of Loss of As the population of certain animals decreases until

Biodiversity Bi-o-di-ver-si-ty extinction, there will be a loss of ____________.

An effect of cutting down trees is _ __as the roots are

10 Soil erosion Soil e-ro-sion no longer able to hold the fertile topsoil which can easily be
washed away by rain water.

Green-
11 Greenhouse refers to the trapping of solar heat
house
effects e-ffects energy by gases such as carbon dioxide and methane.

12 Global climate Glo-bal Global _ , commonly known global warming,

change cli-mate refers broadly to the phenomenon of changing weather
change patterns to become more erratic.

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13 Living ; Non- Li-ving ; Non-li-ving L &n
14 living resources re- sour-ces r are extracted from the Earth and used
by Man for various purposes.
15 Reduce Re-duce The 3Rs, which means , _&
16 Reuse Re-use _ aims to conserve our
17 Recycle Re-cy-cle depleting resources.
18 Land Land
19 Pollution can occur in l ,w , a or
Water Wa-ter
20 as n ____.
Air Air
21 Noise Noi-se
objects such as man-
22 Non- Non- made plastic cannot be decomposed or
biodegradable broken down by natural means.
bi-o-de-gra-da-ble
Using _ control instead of insecticides
23 Biological Bi-o-lo-gi-cal and weed-killers can reduce pollution in farming
control con-trol areas.
Water that seep through the soil and accumulated below
24 Groundwater G-round-wa-ter are known as_________ - water.

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25 Ozone O-zone depletion, which is caused by CFC gases
depletion de-ple-tion released into the atmosphere, allows excessive UV rays
from the sun to reach us and causes skin cancer.

rain develops when sulfur dioxide or nitrogen

26 Acid rain Acid rain oxides which are gases released by industries rises into
earth’s upper atmosphere and mixed with clouds and
falls back as rain. Deforestation or acid lakes are the
direct effects.

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