JOB
HAZARD Occupations ...
ANALYSIS
Accidents can occur when:
• Work is performed incorrectly
• Workers use hazardous materials
• Work under hazardous conditions
The process of determining the Hazards that present risks to:
hazards associated with a job is •Environment
often referred to as a JHA or a •Safety
Job Hazard Analysis.
•Health
1
Uses of a JHA
• Create / improve SOP’s
For proper ESH mgmt all jobs
• Guide in observing employee
should include a JHA
performance
• Accident investigation
• Safety inspection
Prioritizing JHA’s
JHA involves 3 procedures
• High Frequency of Accidents
1. Identify basic steps of a job • Increase occurrence of Near-Misses
2. Determine associated hazards • History of Serious Accidents / Fatalities
3. Make recommendations to control • Potential for Serious Harm
the hazards
• New Jobs
• Changes in Procedures or Standards
JHA Team
• Supervisor
JHA Steps
• Employee most familiar with the job 1. Identify basic steps of a job;
• Other employees who perform the job 2. Determine associated hazards
• Experts or specialists 3. Make recommendations to control
(maintenance personnel, occupational the hazards
hygienists, ergonomists or engineers)
2
Job or Operation Title
JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS
Department / Division Job Location Title of Employee Doing Job
Identify the Basic Job Steps
Date Performed Performed by Verified by
Special or Primary Hazards
Personal Protective Equipment Required or Recommended
1. Watch carefully as a worker Basic Job Steps Existing & Potential Hazards Recommended Corrective
Measures
performs the entire job at least once
Job or Operation Title
JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS
Department / Division Job Location Title of Employee Doing Job
Date Performed Performed by Verified by
Special or Primary Hazards
Personal Protective Equipment Required or Recommended
2. As the operator performs the job Recommended Corrective
again, list the individual steps on
Basic Job Steps Existing & Potential Hazards
Measures
the left-hand column.
3. Using simple action phrases that 4. Steps should always be numbered
are short and to the point to indicate the order
3
Job or Operation Title
JOB HAZARD
JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS
ANALYSIS
Corrugated Box Bailing
Department / Division Job Location Title of Employee Doing Job
.
Beater Department Main Plant Baler Operator
Most common errors
Date Performed Performed by Verified by
6-15-01
Juan dela Cruz/Roberto Reyes/Caloy Santos Nelson Noypi, Dept. Supervisor
Special or Primary Hazards
Hand/eye injuries, muscle strain
Personal Protective Equipment Required or Recommended
Gloves, arm guards, eye protection
Recommended Corrective
• Describing the job in too much
detail, or
Basic Job Steps Existing & Potential Hazards
Measures
1. Transport broken down boxes to
baler using a cart
2. Transfer boxes from cart to baler
• Describing the job in too little
3. Compress boxes detail.
4. Tie bale with wire
Solution
List as steps only those tasks that
would be described to someone
Video
being trained to perform the job
Hazard Guide
Determine the Hazards • The physical actions required for
that specific step.
Identify all of the existing or potential • The materials used.
actions or conditions that could lead
• The equipment used.
to an injury or illness, or harm to the
environment. • The conditions under which the
step is normally performed.
4
Physical Action Materials
• Force (weight) • Chemicals
• Frequency (repetition) • Corrosive
• Posture (prolonged) • Flammable
• Position (distance) • Volatile
Conditions
Equipment • Noisy environment
• Mechanical hazard • Temperatures extremes
• Electrical hazard • Vibration present
• Poor or high Illumination
• Pressure (atmospheric force)
• Prolonged hours
"What if” Questions In Performing a Job Hazard Analysis
• Anticipate hazardous situations
• Abnormal operating conditions
• Incorrect or out of sequence
1. 1.1
• Additional attachments 1.2
• Replacements / alternatives 2.1
2.
• Consequences 2.2
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Recommending Corrective
Basic Job Steps Existing & Potential Hazards Recommended Corrective Action
1. Transport broken down boxes to 1A. Muscle strain from pushing heavy cart
baler using a cart
Measures
1B. Collision with vehicles/obstacles
2. Transfer boxes from cart to baler
1C. Body parts caught between cart baler
3. Compress boxes
2A. Hands/fingers caught in baler doors
4. Tie bale with wire 2B. Hands caught between doors and boxes
• should be developed at the job site
2C. Cuts from edges of cardboard
3A. Hands/fingers caught in baler doors
3B. Struck by unlatched doors
4A. Hands/Fingers caught in baler doors
whenever possible
• should be developed in sequence,
4B. Cuts/punctures from wire
beginning with the first hazard
• must be specific
4 factors to control hazards
Correcting the hazards
• Physical action
• Engineering control
• Material
• Administrative control
• Equipment
• Personal Protective Equipment
• Condition
Physical Actions
• Modifying Physical Actions
• Rearranging
List possible PPE even if engineering
• Combining actions
controls have been recommended
• Change the process
• Training
• Use of PPE
6
Materials Equipment
• Substitution of materials • Installation of machine guards
• Machine guarding • Use automatic safeguard devices,
• Safeguarding • Replacement of a particular piece
of equipment.
• Limit employee exposure
• Training, experience, skills
• Use of PPE
• Use of PPE should also be
considered
Work Area Conditions Work Area Conditions
• Improved housekeeping procedures • Relocation (isolation by place)
• Installation of additional lighting • Rescheduling (isolation by time)
• Use ventilation system • Redesign of the work area.
• Noise reduction systems • È Height
• Vibration damping • È Weight
• Provide machine guarding • È Distance
Recommended Corrective
In Performing a Job Hazard Analysis
Basic Job Steps Existing & Potential Hazards Measures
1. Transport broken down boxes to 1A. Muscle strain from pushing heavy cart
baler using a cart 1A1. Provide motorized cart/tug
1B. Collision with vehicles/obstacles 1A2. Palletize flattened boxes
2. Transfer boxes from cart to baler 1B1. Install overhead mirrors at
1C. Body parts caught between cart baler intersections
1B2. Require daily removal of all obstacles
3. Compress boxes
2A. Hands/fingers caught in baler doors
1C1. Paint floor to identify where to park cart
4. Tie bale with wire 2B. Hands caught between doors and boxes
2C. Cuts from edges of cardboard 1C2. Wear heavy gloves
1.1.1 3A. Hands/fingers caught in baler doors
2A1. Wear heavy gloves
2A2. Extend door handles away from
3B. Struck by unlatched doors pinch-point
1.1.2 4A. Hands/Fingers caught in baler doors
2B1. Wear heavy gloves
2C1. Wear heavy gloves, arm protection,
4B. Cuts/punctures from wire
1. 1.1
safety glasses
1.1.3 3A1. Wear heavy gloves
1.2 3A2. Extend door handles
3B1. Install automatic latches/interlock
system
2. 2.1 1.2.1 4A1. Wear heavy gloves
2.2
4A2. Extend door handles
1.2.2
4B1. Wear gloves, arm protection, safety
glasses
1.2.3
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USING A JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS
• Developing or updating SOP’s Summary
• Training employees
JHA’s improve ESH management
• Observing employee performance
• Conducting inspections
• Investigating accidents
Step 1
To perform an accurate & complete
JHA : • Observe the job as it is performed
• Select the job to be analyzed; to break it down into basic steps;
• Assemble a team
Step 2 Step 3
• Analyze each step to determine • Develop recommendations for
what, if any, hazards could possibly eliminating or controlling the
occur; and hazards associated with each step.
8
ESH
JHA’s - a simple step to safety
Job Steps
1. Remove jack, spare tire, and lug wrench from
r!
Grrr
trunk.
2. Loosen lug nuts.
3. Raise jack.
4. Remove flat tire.
5. Install spare tire.
6. Lower jack.
As you leave for work today, you discover that your car has a flat tire. 7. Tighten lug nuts.
The car is parked on level ground, and the parking brake is already set.
The bumper jack and spare tire are both in good condition and stored 8. Place tire, jack and lug wrench in trunk.
in the car’s trunk.