LESSON PLAN

CLASS : III
SUBJECT : Computer Science.
TOPIC : [Link] Fundamentals
TEACHER : [Link]

AIM:
To learn and know more on how computer works.

GENERAL OBJECTIVES:
By the end of the lesson, the learner will be able to:

 explain the working of a computer

 differentiate between computer hardware and software
 identify the input, processing, output and storage devices

TEACHING AIDS:
 White Board
 Marker
 Lesson plan
 Computer (Computer Lab)
 Projector Room.
WARM UP ACTIVITY:

 what is information?
 what is data?
 what is I-O-P?

DESCRIPTIVE EXPLANATION / PRESENTATION:

 Collection of data is called the INFORMATION.

 A computer needs data to work on.

 Data is the number and words that we type in.
 It is the input we give to a computer.
 A computer works on data and gives output.
 The output we get from a computer is information

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A computer system has different parts that together make it work. These parts are grouped in
two categories: hardware and software. A computer needs both hardware and software to
work. Let us first discuss the working of a computer.

HOW DOES A COMPUTER WORK?

A computer system is a machine that accepts data and instructions, processes the data
according to instructions and generates information. To do this, it follows three basic steps:
input, process and output. This is called the Input-Process-Output (IPO) cycle.

Input: In this step, data and instructions are fed into the computer using input devices such as
keyboard or mouse. You can enter numbers, letters or symbols as input data.

Processing :Process in this step, the Central Processing Unit (CPU) of the computer processes
he input according to instructions and generates some information (result) from it.

Output: In this step, the information obtained after processing is displayed using output
devices such as a monitor or printer.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT CYCLE:

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

EXAMPLE:

A Computer can also works in the same way :

when we have to add two numbers
we open the calculator on our computer. Then follow the steps:
 On the keyboard ,press 4.
 Then press +.
 Then press 2.
 And in the end , press =

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 The computer process the input.

 It adds the number and display the result as 6 on the
monitor.
 so 6 is the output.

4+2= PROCESS 6

COMPUTER HARDWARE

Computer hardware are the parts of a computer system that we can touch and feel. The
keyboard, monitor, mouse, scanner, printer, speakers, web camera and microphone are some
examples of computer hardware. These devices are connected to the CPU box with or
without cables. We also call them peripheral devices.

Computer hardware also includes the parts inside the CPU box. Some of these parts are the
CPU (or microprocessor), motherboard, RAM, hard disk drive, computer fan and power
supply.

Computer hardware is divided into four groups:

 Input devices
 Processing device
 Output devices
 Storage devices

Input Devices: The input devices are used to enter data and instructions into the computer. et
us learn about some commonly used input devices.

Keyboard: A keyboard is the most commonly used input device. has many buttons called
keys. You can give input to the computer by ressing these keys. You can type letters,
numbers and symbols using keyboard.

Mouse: A mouse is a pointing device. It usually has two buttons with a scroll heel between
them. You can give input to the computer by clicking the mouse uttons or by rotating the
scroll wheel. It is used to point at and select objects on e monitor. You can also use the mouse
to draw pictures and play games on the computer

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Scanner: A scanner is used to scan text or pictures on a paper and view them on the monitor.

Joystick: A joystick helps in playing games on a computer.

Microphone: A microphone helps you record your voice or other sounds into the computer.

Light pen: A light pen is a pen-like device that works like a mouse. You can use it to draw
any figure directly on the computer screen.

Web camera: A web camera, also known as webcam, is used to capture live photos and
videos. It is mainly used to have live chat with your friends and relatives over the Internet

Trackball: A trackball looks like a mouse with a ball on the top. As you rotate the ball, the
pointer also moves on the computer screen.

Touchpad: A touchpad is also called a trackpad. You must have seen it on the laptop. It has a
special surface on which you move your finger to move the mouse pointer on the screen.

Processing Device-CPU: In a computer system, the CPU is the processing device. It is the
main hardware part of a computer. It is placed inside the CPU box. All the processing is done
inside the CPU. It manages the working of all parts of the computer. Hence, it is called the
brain of the computer.

The CPU has three parts: Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), Control Unit (CU) and Memory Unit
(MU).

Output Devices: The output devices are used to display results (output) that we get after
processing. Let us learn about some commonly used output devices.

Monitor: A monitor looks like a television. You can see text, pictures, or whatever input you
give as well as the output on it. A monitor is lso known as Visual Display Unit (VDU). There
are various types of monitors:

 Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) monitor

 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) monitor
 Light Emitting Display (LED) monitor

Printer: A printer is an output device that generates a hard copy (output printed on paper) of
your data. The data may be a picture, text or both. Two most widely used printers are the
following:

Inkjet printer: It sprays ink on a sheet of paper forming characters. It is generally used at
homes due to its low cost.

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Laser printer. It deflects laser beams onto a photosensitive surface to print characters. It is
fast and prints in high quality but is expensive.

Plotter: A plotter prints high-quality images such as designs of ships, machines, buildings,
etc., on long sheets of paper. It uses a pen to draw pictures on paper. Plotters are used by
architects, engineers, designers and cientists.

Projector: A projector projects the output onto a large screen so that it can be simultaneously
viewed by a large group of people. The screen can be a whiteboard or a white cloth. It is
commonly used in classrooms and training centres.

There are some devices which work as both input and output devices. One such device is
touchscreen which is used in ATMs, mobile phones, tablet and laptops. You can give
commands to the computer by simply touching de the screen. Also, you can get the output
displayed on the same screen. on

Storage Devices: In a computer system, we can store data on storage devices. These deve can
store data permanently. Once we store data, we can access it any time. You can carry data in
a storage device from one place to another.

Let us discuss some commonly used storage devices.

Hard disk: A hard disk is the main storage device in the [Link] is fixed inside the CPU
box. It is used to store a large amount of data.

Compact Disc: (CD) A CD is a small, round storage device. It can store a lot of data but its
storage capacity is much less than a hard disk. It can be easily carried from one place to
another.

Digital Versatile Disc (DVD): A DVD looks similar to a CD but it can store much more data
than CD.

Pen drive: A pen drive (also known as a flash drive) is a small storage device. It can store a
large amount of data. It is used to transfer data from one computer to another. Due to its small
size, you can easily carry it in your pocket. It is connected to the computer through a USB
port.

COMPUTER SOFTWARE

Computer software is a set of instructions (or commands) that tells the computer how to o a
particular work. It is not a physical part of the computer. Therefore, you cannot touch or feel
the computer software. Some popular examples of software are Microsoft Windows,
WordPad, Paint and Calculator.

There are two types of software: application software and system software.

Application Software: An application software helps you perform specific tasks on the
computer. Some examples of application software are the following:

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Paint: It lets you draw and colour pictures.

WordPad: It is used for typing text.

Calculator: It helps you do calculations.

System Software: System software controls and manages all activities in the computer
system. It makes the application software run on the computer.

An operating system is the most important system software. It is the heart of a computer
system. Without it, a computer cannot work. It helps in starting the computer. It lets us
communicate or interact with the computer. Microsoft Windows is one of the most popular
operating systems. Some other operating systems are DOS, Linux and Mac OS.

RECAPITULATION:

 A computer system is a machine that accepts data and instructions, processes the data
according to instructions and generates information. To do this, it follows three basic
steps: input, process and output. CPU box as well as
 Computer hardware includes the devices that are connected to the the parts present
inside the CPU box.
 Computer hardware is divided into four groups: input devices, processing device,
output devices and storage devices.
 The input devices are used to enter data and instructions into the computer. Keyboard,
mouse, scanner, joystick, microphone, light pen, web camera, trackball, and touchpad
are some commonly used input devices.
 The CPU is the main hardware part of a computer. All processing is done inside the
CPU
 The CPU has three parts: Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), Control Unit (CU) and
Memory Unit (MU).
 The output devices are used to display results (output) that we get after processing.
 Monitor, printer, plotter, projector, speakers, headphones and headset are some
 Commonly used output devices.
 In a computer system, we can store data on storage devices. These devices can store
data permanently. Hard disk, CD, DVD and pen drive are common used storage
devices.
 Computer software is a set of instructions that tells the computer how to do a certain
task
 There are two types of software: application software and system software.

ACTIVITIES:

Complete funtime activity in [Link].15.

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CLASSWORK :

New Words:

[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]

Question and Answers:

[Link] the steps involved in the working of a computer.

Ans. Input, Process and Output

[Link] the full forms of the following: ALU, CPU, VDU, CRT.

Ans: Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU),Central Processing Device, Visual Display

Unit(VDU),Cathode Ray Tube(CRT).

[Link] is computer hardware? Name the most important hardware part of a computer?
Ans: Computer hardware refers to those parts of a computer system that we can
touch and feel. It includes the devices that are connected to the CPU box with or
without cables as well as the parts that are present inside the CPU box. The most
important hardware part of a computer is the CPU.

[Link] is the function of the ALU?

Ans: The ALU does all the mathematical operations and logical comparisons such
as addition, subtraction, less than, greater than, equal to, and so on.

[Link] the two types of printers which are widely used these days.
Ans: Inkjet printer and laser printer.

[Link] does a touchpad work?

Ans: A touchpad has a special surface on which we move our finger to move the
mousepointer on the screen.

ASSIGNMENT:

Complete choose, fill ups and true or false once in homework note.

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Answers for Bookback Exercise:

Exercise Time

1. Tick () the correct answer.

a. (ii) b. (i) c. (ii) d. (iii) e. (ii)

2. Write T for true and F for false statements.

a. T b. T c. F d. F e. T

3. Fill in the blanks using the given words.

a. USB
b. Calculator
c. trackpad
d. inkjet
e. hard disk
f. monitor

4. Application-based questions.
a. Pen drive b. Web camera c. Projector
d. Speakers e. Mouse and joystick