CHAPTER 7 – AGE AND SEX RELATED DIFFERENCES AND THEIR
IMPLICATIONS
1. Which factor is primarily responsible for the significant improvements in strength
of Pre-adolescent boys and girls from resistance training?
a) Hypertrophy
b) Neurological
c) Endocrine
d) Cardiac
2. Youth resistance training guidelines include all of the following EXCEPT?
a) Stretching exercises should be performed before resistance training
b) Children should be encouraged to drink plenty of water
c) Increase resistance 5-10% as strength improves
d) 3 consecutive training sessions per week are recommended
3. When comparing absolute strength between men and women, which of the
following statements is true?
a) Muscle quality is sex specific
b) When comparing relative to muscle cross sectional area men are stronger than women
c) In terms of absolute strength women are generally weaker than men
d) Men have lower quantity of muscle
4. An area of special emphasis when designing a resistance training program for
women is?
a) Development of the core
b) Development of the upper body
c) Development of the back
d) Development of the lower body
5. As a strength and conditioning professional you should be aware that female
basketball players are six times more likely than males to injure what body part?
a) ACL
b) Rotator cuff
c) Achilles tendon
d) PCL
6. In order to help prevent injuries in female athletes it is important to stress which of
the following?
a) Optimize dietary intake
b) Decrease body fat
c) Provide a longer off-season to increase recovery
d) Increase resistance of exercises often
7. A 67 year old female was found to have a bone mineral density -1.5 standard
deviations below the young adult mean and would like to begin a resistance training
program. Based on her bone mineral density she would be classified as having?
a) Osteoporosis
b) Sarcopenia
c) Osteopenia
d) Sarcoporosis
8. All of the following show decreases with the normal aging process EXCEPT?
a) Muscle mass
b) Bone mineral density
c) Resting metabolic rate
d) Body fat
9. A 10 year old boy is beginning a resistance training program, all of the following
are likely benefits EXCEPT?
a) Increased 1 RM strength
b) Increased bone density
c) Increased muscle hypertrophy
d) Increased resistance to injury
10. You are designing a training program for a 70 year old female golfer, which of the
following should be evaluated first?
a) Upper body strength
b) Flexibility
c) Core strength
d) Medical history
11. Which of the following ages would be used when comparing children based on
sexual maturation?
A. Biological Age
B. Training Age
C. Chronological Age
D. Psychological Age
12. A youth female athlete has been placed in Stage 4 of Tanner’s Classification.
What does this classification assess?
A. Biological Age
B. Training Age
C. Chronological Age
D. Psychological Age
13. Children improve their performance in skills that require agility, strength, and
power when which of the following body systems develops?
A. Nervous System
B. Cardiovascular System
C. Lymphatic System
D. Integumentary System
14. An 11 year old boy begins a resistance training program and after 6 weeks has
seen significant improvements in his strength. Which of the following factors are
primarily responsible for his gains?
A. Hypertrophic Factors
B. Neurological Factors
C. Psychological Factors
D. Cardiovascular Factors
15. Which of the following can be utilized to reduce the risk of overuse injuries in
youth athletes?
I. Have them evaluated by a sports medicine physician prior to participating
II. Encourage them to participate in a single sport
III. Encourage them to participate in physical activity only during the sport season
IV. Monitor their nutritional status to ensure their diets are adequate
A. I, III, IV only
B. I, III only
C. I, IV only
D. I, II, IV only
16. What should be the INITIAL focus when incorporating the clean and jerk into the
conditioning program of a 12 year old boy?
A. Developing Power
B. Developing Strength
C. Developing Proper Technique
D. Assessing the 1RM
17. Compared to young adults, older adults display which of the following?
A. Less muscle mass and a higher proportion of Type I muscle fibers
B. More muscle mass and a higher proportion of Type I muscle fibers
C. More muscle mass and a higher proportion of Type II muscle fibers
D. Less muscle mass and a higher proportion of Type II muscle fibers
ANSWERS:
1. B
2. D
3. C
4. B
5. A
6. A
7. C
8. D
9. C
10. D
11. A
12. A
13. A
14. B
15. C
16. C
17. A