G.

[Link]
NWOME
N'SCOL
LEGE

Na
mes
:Gh
osi
Ir
amS
ame
erAh
mad
I
'
dno
.:S
-18
476
2
S
tan
dar
d:T
.Y.
B.S
c.(
Zoo
log
y)
Gu
ide
dby
:Dr
.He
enaMo
min
T
opi
c:Bi
odi
ver
si
ty-F
lor
aan
dFa
una
 Ac
kno
wle
dgme
nt:
Iwouldli
k etoexpressmyspeci
alt
h a
nkso f
gr
ati
tudetomyt eache
r Dr
.HeenaMominaswe l
lasour
pr
inci
palDr.
Na heedma mwh ogavemetheg o
lden
oppo
rtuni
tytod ot h
iswo n
de r
ful
pro
jectonthetopi
cof
Bi
odi
v e
rsit
yo fBhiwandiwhichal
sohel
pedmei ndoi
nga
l
otofResearcha ndicametok no
waboutsoma nynew
th
ingsIamrea l
lythankful
tothem.
Seco
ndl
yiwoulda
lsol
iketotha
nkmypar
entsa
nd
fr
ien
d swhohe
lpedmealoti
nfin
a l
i
zin
gthi
spr
oje
ct
wit
hinthel
imi
tedti
mefra
me.
 I
ntr
odu
cti
on:
Biod
iver
sit
yisall
thedif
feren
tki
n d
so fl
i
feyou'l
lf
ind
i
noneare
a—thevari
etyofani
ma l
s,pl
ant
s,fungi
,andeven
mi
cro
organi
smsli
keb a
cteri
athatmakeupournatu
ralwor
ld.
Ea
chofthes
es p
eciesandorga
nismsworktoget
heri
n
ec
osyst
ems,li
keanintr
ic
ateweb ,
tomai
n t
ainbal
anceand
su
ppor
tli
fe.
B
iodi
versi
tyboostsecos
ystemp rodu
cti
vitywher
eeach
s
peci
es,noma t
terhowsma l
l
,all
hav eanimpor
tantro
leto
p
lay
.Forexample,
Alargernu
mb erofplan
tspeciesmeansa
g
reat
ervar
ietyofcr
[Link]
erspeciesdi
vers
ityens
ures
n
atur
alsust
ainabi
li
tyfo
r al
ll
if
eforms .
Va
ral
ade
viL
akeist
hebi
ggestla
keapp
roxi
mat
ely4km
c
ir
cul
ari
nBhi
wand
i.T
hisi
sbes
tplacefor
morn
ingwa
lker
s
p
eopl
edoi
ngYoga
ndeveni
ngsun
set.
 Cr
epej
asmi
ne:
Cr
epeja
smineisanev
ergr
eenshr
ubna
tiv
etoSou
thAsi
a
an
dn o
wc ul
ti
vatedt
hroug
houtSo
uthEa
stAsi
aandt
he
war
merreg
ionsofcon
tin
ental
Asi
a.
Mo
ret
han6
6al
kal
oi
dsa
ref
oun
dint
hes
hru
b.
T
hepla
ntgen
e r
al
lygr
owstoah
eig
hto
f5–
6fe
eta
ndi
s
d
ich
otomo
uslybra
nched
.
Thes
temex
ude
sami
l
kyl
ate
xwh
enb
rok
en,
whe
ncet
he
n
amemil
kfl
owe
r.
 Ye
ll
owh
air
Chi
cke
n:
Ye
ll
ow-h
a i
rch
ick
en,
als
oc a
ll
edyel
lo
w-f
eath
erchi
cken,
is
abr
eedofchi
cke
ntr
adi
tio
nall
yra
ise
dfor
me a
tinChi
na.
I
tta
kesabo
u t1
20day
stogr
owtomark
etsiz
ecompar
ed
t
oasli
tt
leas41da
ysfor
spe
cia
ll
y-
bre
db r
oi
lerc
hic
kens
.
Yel
low-ha
irchi
cke
nisf
lav
orf
ul,
buttak
eslon
ge r
andis
moredif
fi
cultt
ocookt
hanatypi
cal
broi
le
rasithasl
ess
fa
ta ndmoremeat.
 Hi
bi
scu
s:
I
ti
sco
mmo
nlyc
all
edJ
apa
nes
eLa
nte
rns
,sp
ide
rhi
bi
scu
s.
Hi
bis
cuss
chi
zop
eta
lusi
sas
hru
bgr
owi
ngt
o3me
tre
s(9
.8
ft
)tal
l
.
T
heredorp
inkf
lower
sar
eve
ryd
ist
inc
tiv
eint
hei
rfr
il
l
y,
f
ine
lydi
vi
dedpet
als
Hi
bis
cusiscu
lti
vat
edasanor
namen
tal
pla
nt,
for
usei
n
tr
opi
cala
n ds
ubtr
opic
alg
ard
ens.
 Ba
uga
imv
il
la
e:
I
ti
sco
mmo
nlyc
all
edp
ape
rfl
owe
rs.
I
tgro
wsasawoodyvi
neors
hru
b,re
achi
ng15to4
0fee
t
wi
thhea
rt-
sha
pedle
avesa
ndthor
ny,p
ubes
c e
ntst
ems.
T
hefl
ower
sareg
ener
all
ysmall
,whi
te,
andi
nco
nspi
cuous
,
h
ighl
i
ght
edbysev
era
lbri
ght
lycol
or
edmodi
fi
edle
aves
c
all
edbr
act
s.
T
hebra
ctscanv
aryi
nco
lor
,ra
ngi
ngf
romwh
ite
,re
d,p
ink
,
p
urp
le-
red,
oror
ange
.
 L
ake
:
L
ake,
anyrel
ati
vel
yla
rgeb
odyofs
lowl
ymovin
gor
s
tan
dingwat
erthato
ccup
iesa
ninl
andba
sinof
a
ppr
eciab
lesi
ze.
Th
edepthofal
akehasapr
ofo
undeff
ectoni
tseco
logy
.If
al
akei
sd e
epenoug
h,itme
ansthes
urfa
cewate
rsarea
l
otwar
me r
thant
hedeepwate
rs.
Var
al
a d
eviLakeistheb
igge
stla
keinBhi
wan
di.
Iti
ssobi
g
th
atifyouruntocompl
etei
t'sr
oun
d ,
youca
nactu
all
yru
n
ar
ound4t o5KMs .
I
thasVar
al
adev
igar
denan
dthisi
sbe
stp
lac
efo
rmo
rni
ng
wal
ker
speop
ledoi
ngYoga
lso
.
 Ol
ean
der
:
Ne
ri
umo
lea
nde
r,mo
stc
ommo
nlyk
nowna
sol
ean
der
orn
eri
um.
Ol
ean
derisar
api
dl
ygr
owi
ngeve
rgr
een
,ro
und
eds
hru
bor
sma
ll
tr
eenat
ivet
oEur
opea
ndAsi
a.
I
ti
sashr
ubors
mall
tre
ecult
iva
tedwor
ld
widei
ntemp
erat
ean
d
s
ubt
rop
ica
lar
easa
sano r
namenta
lan
dland
sca
pin
gplan
t.
Ol
ean
derpl
antscon
tai
nseve
ralt
oxi
cele
ments,
incl
udi
ng
ca
rdi
acgl
ycos
ides,
sapo
nins
,di
git
oxi
geni
n,o
leand
ri
n,
ol
eon
dro
side
,n e
ri
osi
deandot
herunk
nowntox
ins.
C
olor
sra
n gef
rompurewhit
ethr
oughpal
e-y
ell
ow,p
eachand
p
inktod
e e
pburgund
yr e
[Link]
ie
tie
sarefr
agr
ant
.Th
e
l
eave
saresmooth
,darkgre
en,t
hic
kandlea
ther
y.
 Ga
rde
nRo
ses
:
Ga
rdenr
ose
sarepr
edo
minant
lyh
ybri
dro
sest
hata
reg
rowna
s
or
namen
tal
pla
ntsi
npri
vat
eorpubl
i
cgar
dens
.
T
heyar
eoneo
fthemos
tpopul
ara
ndwide
lycul
ti
vate
dgr
oup
s
o
ffl
ower
in
gpla
nts,
esp
eci
al
lyi
ntempe
ratec
li
ma t
es.
Mostgar
denro
sesaregro
wnf o
rth
eirf
lower
s,s
omeareal
so
va
luedfor
otherr
eas
o n
s,suchasha
vin
go r
nament
alf
rui
t,
pr
ovidi
nggr
oundcov
e r
,orfo
rhedgi
ng.
T
hisi
ncl
udesthewid
eran
geofco
lou
rsthe
ya r
eavai
l
abl
ein;t
he
g
ener
all
yla
rgesiz
eoffl
ower
,l
ar
gertha
nmo s
tflo
wersi
n
t
empera
tereg
ions;s
pec
iesa
ndcul
ti
varst
hatfr
eel
yhybr
id
ize
.
 S
qui
rr
el
:
S
qui
rr
elsa
reg
ener
al
lysmal
lan
imals
,ra
ngingi
nsi
zef
rom
1
0cmto1.
7ml
eng
thand12
gto8 k
ginweig
ht.
T
heyar
epre
domin
antl
yher
biv
oro
u s
,subs
ist
ingonsee
dsand
n
uts,
butmanywi
ll
eati
nse
ctsandeve
nsma l
lve
rte
brat
es.
S
qui
rr
el
sli
vei
nal
moste
ver
yhabi
tat
,fr
omtropi
cal
rai
nfo
res
t
t
ose
miar
idde
ser
t,a
voi
di
ngon
lypol
arreg
ion
sanddeser
ts.

S
qui
rre
lsareabl
etor
ota
tethei
rhi
ndfee
twhic
ha l
l
owsthe
m
t
odescenddownatr
eeheadf
ir
st.
Thisi
she
lpf
ulfora
voi
di
ng
p
red
atio
na swel
lasr
each
ingf
orfoodan
dtr
aveli
ngfr
omtr
ee
t
otr
ee.
 Cl
ust
erf
ig:
I
ti
sCommonl
yca
ll
edGu
lar
.An
diti
sna
tiv
etoAu
str
al
iaa
nd
t
rop
ica
lAs
ia.
I
ti
safast
-gro
wingpl
antwit
hlar
ge,v
eryr
oug
hle
ave
s,u
sua
ll
y
a
tta
ini
ngthesi
zeofal
argeshr
ub.
T
hefru
itsa
recommonl
yeate
na saveget
abl
eaf
tert
heseeds
h
avebeendi
scar
ded,a
ndmad ei
ntosti
r-
fr
ie
sandcu
rri
es.
The
f
rui
tsar
eafavo
u r
it
estap
leofth
ec o
mmo nI
ndi
anmacaqu
e.
Gu
lart
reei
sast
ri
ngen
t,a
nti
di
abet
ic,
ant
ias
thmati
c,a
nti
-
i
nfl
ammator
y,a
nti
oxi
dan
t,a
nti
ul
cer,
ant
i-
pyre
tici
nac
tio
n.
 F
ir
ebu
shp
lan
t:
F
ir
ebu
shhasor
angi
sh-
redtu
bul
arf
lower
s,whi
chr
ecr
ui
t
h
umming
bir
dsandb
utter
fl
ie
sfo
rpol
lin
ati
on.
T
hecor
oll
asvar
ygre
atl
yinle
ngth,
maki
ngt
hematt
rac
tiv
e
t
oawider
angeofpol
li
nat
ors.
Thefr
ui
ti
sasmal
lda
rkre
d
b
err
y,t
urni
ngbl
ackatmatur
it
y.
T
hesef
lower
sareal
sofedo
nbybutt
erf
li
es,
whi
cha
re
a
ttr
act
edtoredfl
ower
in
gplan
ts.
Thef
rui
tsh
a v
earefr
esh
ing,
aci
di
ctast
eandarea
lso
e
dibl
ebyhumans
.InMexi
co,
the
yaremadei
ntoa
f
erment
eddri
nk.
 Ba
nan
a:
Abana
naisanelon
gated
,edi
blef
rui
t–bot
ani
cal
l
ya
be
rrypr
oducedbysev
eral
kin
dsofl
argeh
erba
ceou
s
f
lower
in
gp l
ants
.
I
nsomecoun
tri
es,
ban
ana
sus
edf
orc
ook
ingma
ybe
c
all
ed"p
lan
tain
s".
T
hefr
u i
ti
svar
iabl
eins
ize
,col
o r
,andf
ir
mness
,buti
s
u
sual
lyel
ongat
edandcur
ved,wit
hsof
tfl
eshr
ichi
n
s
tar
chcover
edwithar
ind
,whichmaybegr
een,y
ell
ow,
r
ed,
pu r
pl
e,orb
rownwhenri
pe.
T
hef
rui
tsg
rowi
ncl
ust
ersh
ang
ingf
romt
het
opo
fth
e
p
lan
t

.
 Co
ncl
usi
on:
Wewe nttoVeral
adevil
a k
etos eeBhi
wandi
bi
odive
rsi
ty.
The r
eIsawdif
ferenttyp
eso ffl
or
aa nd
fa
u n
[Link]
hatpa r
kwes e
ed i
ffe
renttypesoffl
owers
l
ikeBouga
invi
ll
ea,Fi
rebr
ush,Ol
ea n
der,Hi
b i
scus
,etc.
andal
soap l
antsli
keBanana
, C
lusterf
ig,Bamboo,
Acal
ypha,
Arecapalmetc.I
nfaunaIsawC hamele
on,
Butt
erf
ly,
Pigeon,Spa
rro
w,etc.
Ther
eisal
soariv
e r
.Weha v
ed i
ff
erentfi
sh
l
i
keR ohu,C
atl
a,Anch
ovy,pra
wn sandCra
b s
,are
f
oundinvar
aol
alake
.Fis
h i
ngi
sa l
sodonethereand
f
ish
e sar
esuppl
ie
dinBhiwandi
,i
na ddi
ti
ontothat
t
herear
efresh
watert
ortoi
se,s
na k
einthatl
ake
Bi
odiver
sit
yisthekeyindi
catorofthe
h
eal
thofane co
[Link] houl
dco n
se r
ve
b
iodi
ver
sit
ys oastomainta
inthefoodchain.T
he
d
ist
urban
ceinthefoodchainmaya f
fectthewhol
e
e
cosyst
em.B i
odi
versi
typrovi
desfunct
ioni
ng
e
cosyst
emst ha
tsu p
plyoxygen,c
leanairandwat
er,
p
oll
i
nati
ono fpl
ants,pes
tcontrol
,wastewater
t
rea
tmentandmanyeco
syste
ms e
rvi
ces
.Ma ny
r
ecr
eat
iona
lpurs
uit
srel
yonouruni
quebi
odi
ver
sit
y,
s
uchasbi
rdwat
ching
,hi
kin
g,campi
ngandfi
shi
ng.