INTRODUCTION TO
OPERATING SYSTEM
By: Ar-Jay U. Rosete
Definition of Operating
System
An operating system acts as an intermediary between the
user of a computer and computer hardware. In short its an
interface between computer hardware and user.
Control Flow
Operating System
The purpose of an operating system is to provide an environment in which a user can execute programs
conveniently and efficiently.
An operating system is software that manages computer hardware and software. The hardware must provide
appropriate mechanisms to ensure the correct operation of the computer system and to prevent user
programs from interfering with the proper operation of the system.
The operating system (OS) is a program that runs at all times on a computer. All other programs, including
application programs, run on top of the operating system.
It does assignment of resources like memory, processors and input / output devices to different processes that
need the resources. The assignment of resources has to be fair and secure.
Operating System as a User Interface:
1. User (Interacts with the system)
2. System and application programs (Software tools for the user)
3. Operating system (Manages hardware and software resources)
4. Hardware (Physical computing devices)
Goals of Operating System
Primary Goals
The primary goals of an operating system (OS) are to provide a easy to use
and convenient environment for executing user programs.
1. User Convenience : It should be easy to use, providing a user-friendly
interface and making it simple to interact with the system.
2. Program Execution: It facilitates the execution of user programs, providing
the necessary environment and services for them to run.
3. Resource Management: The OS manages and allocates the computer's
resources, including the CPU, memory, disk storage, and input/output
devices, to ensure fair utilization.
4. Security: The OS protects the system and user data from unauthorized
access, ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of
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Secondary Goals
1. Efficient Resource Utilization: It should aim to maximize the
performance and utilization of computer resources like
CPU, Memory and IO devices, ensuring that the system
runs smoothly and efficiently.
2. Reliability: It should be robust and reliable, able to handle
errors and exceptions gracefully, ensuring that the system
continues to operate smoothly. It should be modular in
design and easy to debug.
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List of Common Operating Systems
There are multiple types of operating systems each having its own unique features:
macOS
Windows OS
Android
iOS
macOS
Developer : Apple.
Key Features : Sleek, intuitive user interface, Strong
integration with other Apple products, Robust security
features, High performance and stability.
Advantages : Optimized for Apple hardware, Seamless
experience across Apple ecosystem, Superior graphics
and multimedia capabilities.
Typical Use Cases : Creative industries (design, video
editing, music production), Personal computing,
Professional environments.