Chapter - 8

Rational Numbers

Exercise

In each of the following questions 1 to 12, there are four options,

out of which, only one is correct. Write the correct one.

1. A rational number is defined as a number that can be expressed in the

form p/q , where p and q are integers and
(a) q = 0 (b) q = 1 (c) q ≠ 1 (d) q ≠ 0

Solution:-

(d) q  0

p
A number that can be expressed in the form , where p and q are integers and q  0, is
q
called a rational number.

2. Which of the following rational numbers is positive?

(a) –8 / 7 (b) 19 /–13 (c) –3 /–4 (d) –21/13

Solution:-

−3
(c)
−4

When the numerator and denominator both are positive integers or both are negative integers,
it is a positive rational number.

3. Which of the following rational numbers is negative?

(a) –(–3/– 7) (b) –5/–8 (c) 9/8 (d) 3/–7

Solution:-

3
(d)
−7
When either the numerator or the denominator is a negative integer, it is a negative rational
number.

4. In the standard form of a rational number, the common factor of

numerator and denominator is always:
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) – 2 (d) 2

Solution:-
(b) 1

A rational number is said to be in the standard form, if its denominator is a positive integer
and the numerator and denominator have no common factor other than 1.

5. Which of the following rational numbers is equal to its reciprocal?

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 1/2 (d) 0

Solution:-

(a) 1

As,
1
Reciprocal of =1
1

6. The reciprocal of 1/2 is

(a) 3 (b) 2 (c) – 1 (d) 0

Solution:-

(b) 2
1 2
The reciprocal of =
2 1

7. The standard form of –48/60 is

(a) 48/60 (b) –60/48 (c) -4/5 (d) -4/-5

Solution:-

−4
(c)
5

−48
The standard form =
60
Dividing both numerator and denominator by 12,

−48 −4
=
60 5

8. Which of the following is equivalent to 4/5?

(a) 5/4 (b) 16/25 (c) 16/20 (d) 15/25
Solution: –
16
(c)
20
4 4 4
=
5 5 4
16
=
20

9. How many rational numbers are there between two rational numbers?
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) unlimited (d) 100

Solution:-

(c) Unlimited

10. In the standard form of a rational number, the denominator is always a

(a) 0 (b) negative integer (c) positive integer (d) 1

Solution:-

(c) Positive integer

A rational number is said to be in the standard form, if its denominator is a positive integer.

11. To reduce a rational number to its standard form, we divide its

numerator and denominator by their
(a) LCM (b) HCF (c) product (d) multiple

Solution:-

(b) HCF

12. Which is greater number in the following:

(a) –1/2 (b) 0 (c) 1/2 (d) – 2

Solution:-

1
(c)
2

In Questions 13 to 46, fill in the blanks to make the statements true.

13. – (3/8) is a ______ rational number.

Solution:-

−3
is a negative rational number.
8

14. 1 is a ______ rational number.

Solution:-

1 is a positive rational number.

15. The standard form of –8/–36 is ______.

Solution:-

−8 2
The standard form of is
−36 9

As,

−8 8
=
−36 36

Now,
Dividing both numerator and denominator by 4.
8 2
=
36 9

16. The standard form of 18/–24 is ______.

Solution:-

18 −3
The standard form of is .
−24 4

17. On a number line, –1/2 is to the ______ of zero (0).

Solution:-

−1
On a number line, is to the left of zero (0).
2

On a number line, rational number comes to the left of the zero (0) are the negative rational
numbers and rational numbers are coming to the right of the zero (0) are the positive rational
numbers.
18. On a number line, 4/3 is to the ______ of zero (0).

Solution:-

4
On a number line, is to the right of zero (0).
3

On a number line, rational number comes to the left of the zero (0) are the negative rational
numbers and rational numbers are coming to the right of the zero (0) are the positive rational
numbers.

19. – (1/2) is ______ than 1/5.

Solution:-

−1 1
is smaller than .
2 5

20. – (3/5) is ______ than 0.

Solution:-

−3
is smaller than 0.
5

21. –16/24 and 20/–16 represent ______ rational numbers.

Solution:-

−16 20
and represent different rational numbers.
24 −16

22. –27/45 and –3/5 represent ______ rational numbers.

Solution:-

−27 −3
and represent same rational numbers.
45 5

23. Additive inverse of 2/3 is ______.

Solution:-
 2 −2
Additive inverse of is .
3 3

24. –3/5 + 2/5 = ______.

Solution:-

−3 2 −1
+ = .
5 5 5
As,
−3 2 −3 + 2
+ =
5 5 5
−1
=
5

25. –5/6 + –1/6 = ______.

Solution:-

−5 −1
+ = -1.
6 6

As,

−5 1 −5 − 1
− =
6 6 6
−6
=
6
= -1

26. 3/4 x (–2/3) = ______.

Solution:-

3 −2 −1
 =
4 3 2

27. –5/3 x (–3/5) =______.

Solution:-

−5 −3
 =1
3 5
28. –6/7 =? /42

Solution:-

−6 −36
=
7 42
As,
−6 x
=
7 42
−6  42
x=
7
= −36

29. 1/2 = 6/?

Solution:-

1 6
=
2 12

30. –2/9 – 7/9 = _______.

Solution:-

−2  −7  −2 − 7
+  =
9  9  9
−9
=
9
= −1

In questions 31 to 35, fill in the boxes with the correct symbol >,<
or =.

31. 7/-8 □ 8/9

Solution:-

7 8
<
−8 9

Negative rational number is less than positive rational number.

32. 3/7 □ –5/6

Solution:-

3 −5
>
7 6
Negative rational number is less than positive rational number.

33. 5/6 □ 8/4

Solution:-

5 8
<
6 4

34. –9/7 □ 4/-7

Solution:-

−9 4
<
7 −7

35. 8/8 □ 2/2

Solution:-

8 2
=
8 2

36. The reciprocal of ______ does not exist.

Solution:-

The reciprocal of 0 does not exist.

37. The reciprocal of 1 is ______.

Solution:-

The reciprocal of 1 is 1.

38. –3/7 ÷ (-7/3) = ______.

Solution:-

−3 −7 9
 =
7 3 49

39. 0 ÷ (-5/6) = ______.

Solution:-

−5
0÷ = 0.
6
As, division of zero by any number is zero.

40. 0 x (–5/6) = ______.

Solution:-

−5
0× = 0.
6
As, multiplication of zero by any number is zero.

41. ______ × (–2/5) = 1.

Solution:-

−5 −2
 =1
2 5

Let us assume the missing rational number be y.

So,
−2
y× =1
5
−5
y=
2

42. The standard form of rational number –1 is ______.

Solution:-

The standard form of rational number –1 is -1.

A rational number is said to be in the standard form, if its denominator is a positive integer
and the numerator and denominator have no common factor other than 1.
43. If m is a common divisor of a and b, then a/b = a ÷ m/__

Solution:-

If m is a common divisor of a and b, then

a am
=
b bm

44. If p and q are positive integers, then p/q is a ______ rational number
and p/-q is a ______ rational number.

Solution:-
If p and q are positive integers, then p/q is a positive rational number and – p/q is a negative
rational number.

As,
When the numerator and denominator both are positive integers or both are negative integers,
it is a positive rational number.
When either the numerator or the denominator is a negative integer, it is a negative rational
number.

45. Two rational numbers are said to be equivalent or equal, if they have
the same ______ form.

Solution:-
Two rational numbers are said to be equivalent or equal, if they have the same simplest form.

If the numerator and denominator of a rational number are multiplied or divided by a non-
zero integer, we get a rational number which is said to be equivalent to the given rational
number.

46. If p/q is a rational number, then q cannot be ______.

Solution:-
If p/q is a rational number, then q cannot be zero.

A number that can be expressed in the form p/q, where p and q are integers and q ≠ 0, is
called a rational number.

State whether the statements given in question 47 to 65 are True

or False.
47. Every natural number is a rational number but every rational number
need not be a natural number.

Solution:-

True.

48. Zero is a rational number.

Solution:-

True.
The number 0 is neither a positive nor a negative rational number.

49. Every integer is a rational number but every rational number need not
be an integer.

Solution:-

True.
6 6
is an integer. As if we simplify to its lowest term we get 2, which is an integer.
3 3

50. Every negative integer is not a negative rational number.

Solution:-

False.

51. If p/q is a rational number and m is a non-zero integer, then p/q = p x

m/q x m

Solution:-

True.
A fraction is not changed whether the both numerator and denominator are multiplied by the
same number or divided by the same number.

52. If p/q is a rational number and m is a non-zero common divisor of p

and q, then p/q = p ÷ m/q ÷ m.

Solution:-
True.

A fraction is not changed whether the both numerator and denominator are multiplied by the
same number or divided by the same number.

53. In a rational number, denominator always has to be a non-zero integer.

Solution:-
True.

A number that can be expressed in the form p/q , where p and q are integers and q  0, is
called a rational number.

54. If p/q is a rational number and m is a non-zero integer, then p x m/q x

m is a rational number not equivalent to p/q.

Solution:-

False.

We know that, a fraction is not changed whether the both numerator and denominator are
multiplied by the same number or divided by the same number.

55. Sum of two rational numbers is always a rational number.

Solution:-

True.

1 3
Let us consider the two rational number and
2 4
So, sum of two rational number,
1 3
= +
2 4
2+3
=
4
5
=
4
Therefore, it is a rational number.

56. All decimal numbers are also rational numbers.

Solution:
True

57. The quotient of two rational is always a rational number.

Solution:

False

58. Every fraction is a rational number.

Solution:

True

59. Two rational with different numerators can never be equal.

Solution:

False

60. 8 can be written as a rational number with any integer as denominator.

Solution:

False

8 can be written as a rational number with having denominator 1, but not with any integers as
the denominator.

61. 4/6 is equivalent to 2/3 .

Solution:

True

62. The rational number –3/4 lies to the right of zero on the number line.

Solution:

False

Because any number that is a negative always lies on the left side of the zero on the number
line.
63. The rational numbers –12/–5 and –7/17 are on the opposite sides of zero
on the number line.

Solution:

True

In given numbers, one is a positive and another is a negative number.

Hence, they lie on the opposite side of zero on the number line.

64. Every rational number is a whole number.

Solution:

False
We have, whole numbers = 0, 1, 2 3...

But,
−1
Rational number, not a whole number.
2

65. Zero is the smallest rational number.

Solution:

False
Negative rational numbers are smaller than zero.

66. Match the following:

Column I Column II
(i) a/b ÷ a/b (a) –a/b

(ii) a/b ÷ c/d (b) -1

(iii) a/b ÷ (-1) (c) 1

(iv) a/b ÷ -a/b (d) bc/ad

(v) b/a ÷ (d/c) (e) ad/bc

Solution:

(i) → (c)
(ii) → (e)

(iii) → (a)

(iv) → (b)

(v) → (d)

67. Write each of the following rational numbers with positive

denominators: 5/–8 , 15/–28 , –17/–13.

Solution:

Rational numbers with positive denominators are,

5 5  −1
=
−8 −8  −1
−5
=
8
15 15  −1
=
−28 −28  −1
−15
=
28
−17 −17  −1
=
−13 −13  −1
17
=
13

68. Express 3/4 as a rational number with denominator:

(i) 36 (ii) – 80

Solution:

i. To make the denominator 36,

3 3 9
=
4 49
27
=
36

ii. To make the denominator -80,

3 3  −20
=
4 4  −20
−60
=
−80

69. Reduce each of the following rational numbers in its lowest form:
(i) – 60/72 (ii) 91/– 364

Solution:

i. It can be written as
1
−60 
−60 12
=
72 1
72 
12
−5
=
6

ii. It can be written as,

1
91
91 91
=
−364 −364  1
91
−1
=
4

70. Express each of the following rational numbers in its standard form:
(i) –12/– 30 (ii) 14/– 49 (iii) –15/35 (iv) 299/–161

Solution:

i. Standard form of rational number,

−12 −12  6
=
−30 −30  6
−2
=
−5
2
=
5

ii. Standard form of rational number

14 14  7
=
−49 −49  7
2
=
−7
−2
=
7

iii. Standard form of rational number,

−15 −15  5
=
35 35  5
−3
=
7

iv. Standard form of rational number,

299 299  23
=
−161 −161  23
13
=
−7
−13
=
7

71. Are the rational numbers –8/28 and 32/–112 equivalent? Give reason.

Solution:

Standard form of given rational numbers,

−8 −8  4
=
28 28  4
−2
=
7
32 32  16
=
−112 −112  16
−2
=
7
Therefore, the standard form of given numbers are equal.

72. Arrange the rational numbers –7/10, 5/-8, 2/-3, -1/4, -3/5 in ascending
order.

Solution:
For rearranging the number in ascending order first we have to make denominator same of all
given rational numbers.

So,

LCM of 10, -8, -3, 4, and 5 is 120.

Now,
−7 −7  12
=
10 10 12
−84
=
120
5 5  15
=
−8 −8  15
−75
=
120
2 2  40
=
−3 −3  40
−80
=
120
−1 −1 30
=
4 4  30
−30
=
120
−3 −3  24
=
5 5  24
−72
=
120

Now, we arrange the number according to the value of the numerator,

−84 −80 −75 −72 −30
   
120 120 120 120 120

73. Represent the following rational numbers on a number line: 3/8,–7/3,

22/-6.

Solution:

The given rational numbers are represented on a number line is given below.
74. If –5/7 = x/28, find the value of x.

Solution:
Given,
−5 x
=
7 28
−5  28
x=
7
= −5  4
= −20

Therefore, the value of x is − 20. .

75. Give three rational numbers equivalent to:

(i) –3/4 (ii) 7/11

Solution:

i. Equivalent rational numbers are,

−3 −3  2 −6
= =
4 4 2 8
−3 −3  3 −9
= =
4 4  3 12
−3 −3  4 −12
= =
4 4 4 16

ii. Equivalent rational numbers are,

7 7  2 14
= =
11 11 2 22
7 7  3 21
= =
11 11 3 33
7 7  4 28
= =
11 11 4 44

76. Write the next three rational numbers to complete the pattern:

(i) 4/−5 , 8/–10 , 12/–15 , 16/–20 , ______, ______,______.

(ii) –8/7, –16/14, –24/21, –32/28, ______, ______, ______.

Solution:
i. Next three equivalent rational numbers are:
4 45
=
−5 −5  5
20
=
−25
4 4 6
=
−5 −5  6
24
=
−30
4 4 7
=
−5 −5  7
28
=
−35

ii. Next three equivalent rational numbers are,

−8 −8  5
=
7 75
−40
=
35
−8 −8  6
=
7 76
−48
=
42
−8 −8  7
=
7 77
−56
=
49

77. List four rational numbers between 5/7 and 7/8.

Solution:

At first we make the denominator same,

5 58
=
7 78
40
=
56
7 77
=
8 8 7
49
=
56

So,
Four rational numbers are,
42 44 46 48
, , ,
56 56 56 56

78. Find the sum of

(i) 8/13 and 3/11 (ii) 7/3 and –4/3

Solution:

8 3
(i) +
13 11
8 3 8 11 3 13
+ = +
13 11 13 11 1113
88 39
= +
143 143
127
=
143

7 −4
(ii) +
3 3
7 −4 7 4
+ = −
3 3 3 3
7−4
=
3
3
=
3
=1

79. Solve:

29 30
(i) −
4 7

5  −8 
(ii ) − 
13  26 

Solution:

Taking (i) equation, we get,

 29 30
(i ) −
4 7
29 30 203 − 120
− =
4 7 28
83
=
28

5  −8 
(ii ) − 
13  26 
5  −8  10 + 8
−  =
13  26  26
18
=
26
9
=
13

80. Find the product of:

(i) –4/5 and –5/12 (ii) –22/11 and –21/11

Solution:

−4 −5
(i ) and
5 12
−4 −5 5  4
 =
5 12 5  12
20
=
60
1
=
3

−22 −21
(ii ) and
11 11
−22 −21 462
 =
11 11 121
42
=
11

81. Simplify:

13 −14 13 −7 −13 34
(i)  +  + 
11 5 11 5 11 5
 6 3 1 3
(ii)  − 
5 7 5 7

Solution:

13 −14 13 −7 −13 34
(i ) +  + 
11 5 11 5 11 5
13 −14 13 −7 −13 34 −182 −91 −442
 +  +  = + +
11 5 11 5 11 5 55 55 55
−182 − 91 − 442
=
55
−715
=
55
= −13

6 3 1 3
(ii )  − 
5 7 5 7
6 3 1 3 18 3
 −  = −
5 7 5 7 35 35
18 − 3
=
35
15
=
35
3
=
7

82. Simplify:
(i) 3/7 ÷ (21/–55) (ii) 1 ÷ (-(1/2))

Solution:
3  21  3 −55
(i )   = 
7  −55  7 21
−55
=
49

−1 2
(ii )1  = 1
2 −1
2
=
−1
= −2
83. Which is greater in the following?
(i) 3/4, 7/8 (ii) –3(5/7) , 3(1/9)

Solution:

3 7
(i ) ,
4 8
Making the denominator same of both rational numbers,
3 3 2
=
4 4 2
6
=
8
7 7
=
8 8
So,
3 7

4 8

5 1
(ii ) − 3 ,3
7 9
5 −26
−3 =
7 7
1 28
3 =
9 9
Making the denominator same of both rational numbers,
−26 −26  9
=
7 79
−234
=
63
28 28  7
=
9 97
196
=
63
So,
−234 196

63 63
5 1
−3  3
7 9
84. Write a rational number in which the numerator is less than ‘–7 × 11’
and the denominator is greater than ‘12 + 4’.

Solution:

Let,
-7 x 11 = p
So,
p = -77
And,

12+4 = q
q = 16

Now,
p
Rational number =
q
−77
=
16
−78 −79 −80
Therefore, it has more than one answer like, , ,
17 18 19

85. If x = 1/10 and y = –3/8 , then evaluate x + y, x – y, x × y and x ÷ y.

Solution:
Given,
1
x=
10
−3
y=
8
According to question,

1 −3
x+ y = +
10 8
8 − 30
=
80
−22
=
80
−11
=
40
 1 −3
x− y = −
10 8
8 + 30
=
80
38
=
80
19
=
40

1 −3
x y = 
10 8
−3
=
80

1 −3
x y = 
10 8
1 8
= 
10 −3
8
=
−30
4
=
−15

86. Find the reciprocal of the following:

(i) (1/2 x 1/4) + (1/2 x 6) (ii) 20/51 x 4/91
(iii) 3/13 ÷ -4/65 (iv) (–5 x 12/15) – (-3 x 2/9)

Solution:
1 1 1  1 6
(i )    +   6  = +
2 4 2  8 2
1 + 24
=
8
25
=
8
8
Therefore, the reciprocal is .
25
 20 4 20  4
(ii )  =
51 91 51 91
80
=
4641
4641
Therefore, the reciprocal is .
80

3 −4 3 65
(iii )  = 
13 65 13 −4
15
=
−4
−4
Therefore, the reciprocal is .
15

 12   2   −60   −6 
(iv)  −5   −  −3   =  − 
 15   9   15   9 
12  −2 
= − − 
3  3 
−12 + 2
=
3
−10
=
3
−3
Therefore, the reciprocal is .
10

87. Complete the following table by finding the sums:

Solution:

Taking,
So,

2 −1
a= +
3 9
6 −1
=
9
5
=
9
2 4
b= +
3 11
22 + 12
=
33
34
=
33

2 −5
c= +
3 6
4−5
=
6
−1
=
6
−5 −1
d= +
4 9
−45 − 4
=
36
−49
=
36
 −5 −5
e= +
4 6
−30 − 20
=
24
−50
=
24
−25
=
12

−1 −1
f = +
3 9
−3 − 1
=
9
−4
=
9

−1 4
g= +
3 11
−11 + 12
=
33
1
=
33

−1 −5
h= +
3 6
−2 − 5
=
6
−7
=
6

So, the complete table is,

88. Write each of the following numbers in the form p/q , where p and q
are integers:
(a) six-eighths
(b) three and half
(c) opposite of 1
(d) one-fourth
(e) zero
(f) opposite of three-fifths

Solution:

6
(a) six-eighths =
8
1
(b) three and half = 3
2
7
=
2
1
(c) opposite of 1 =
1
1
(d) one-fourth =
4
0
(e) zero =
1
5
(f) opposite of three-fifths =
3

89. If p = m × t and q = n × t, then p/q =

Solution:

Given,
p=m×t
q = n × t,

So,
p mt
=
q nt
m
=
n
90. Given that p/q and r/s are two rational numbers with different
denominators and both of them are in standard form. To compare these
rational numbers we say that:

(a) < , if p × s < r × q

p r
(b) = , if ________ = _______
q s

(c) > , if p × s > r × q

Solution:

(a) If p × s < r × q then,

By transferring sides,
p r

q s

p r
(b) If = ,
q s
By cross-multiplication,

ps = rq

(c) If p × s > r × q

By transferring sides,
p r

q s

91. In each of the following cases, write the rational number whose
numerator and denominator are respectively as under:
(a) 5 – 39 and 54 – 6 (b) (–4) × 6 and 8 ÷ 2
(c) 35 ÷ (–7) and 35 –18 (d) 25 + 15 and 81 ÷ 40

Solution:

(a) 5 – 39 and 54 – 6

Let numerator,
p = 5 – 39
 = -34

Denominator,
q = 54-6
= 48

Hence, rational number,

p −34
=
q 48

(b) (–4) × 6 and 8 ÷ 2

Let numerator,
p = -4 x 6
= -24

Denominator,
q=8÷2
=4

Hence, rational number,

p −24
=
q 4

(c) 35 ÷ (–7) and 35 –18

Let numerator,
p = 35 ÷ -7
= -5

Denominator,
q = 35-18
= 17

Hence, rational number,

p −5
=
q 17

(d) 25 + 15 and 81 ÷ 40

Let numerator,
p = 25+15
= 40

Denominator,
q = 81 ÷ 40
= 2.025
Hence, rational number,
p 40
=
q 2.025

92. Write the following as rational numbers in their standard forms:

(a) 35% (b) 1.2 (c) –6(3/7) (d) 240 ÷ (– 840) (e) 115 ÷ 207

Solution:

(a )35%
35
35% =
100
By using prime factorization, we get,
35 = 7  5
100 = 2  2  5  5
HCF is 5,so,
35  5 7
=
100  5 20

(b)1.2
12
1.2 =
10
So,
12  2 6
=
10  2 5

3
(c ) − 6
7
3 −45
−6 =
7 7

(d )240  ( −840)
240
240  ( −840) =
−840
As,
HCF = 120
So,
 240  120 2
=
−840  120 −7
2
=
7

(e)115  207
115
115  207 =
207
115 = 5  23
307 = 23  3  3
HCF = 23
So,
115  23 5
=
207  23 9

93. Find a rational number exactly halfway between:

(a) -1/3 and 1/3 (b) 1/6 and 1/9 (c) 5/-13 and -7/9 (d) 1/15 and 1/12

Solution:

To calculate exactly halfway between two rational numbers a and b,

a+b
We have =
2
So,

−1
(a) a =
3
1
b=
3

So,
−1 1
+
a+b
= 3 3
2 2
0
=
2
=0
 1
(b) a =
6
1
b=
9
So,
1 1
+
a+b 6 9
=
2 2
3+ 2
= 18
2
5
=
18  2
5
=
36

5
(c) a =
−13
−7
b=
9
So,
5 −7
+
a + b −13 9
=
2 2
−45 − 91
= 117
2
−136
=
117  2
−136
=
234

1
(d) a =
15
1
b=
12
So,
 1 1
+
a + b 15 12
=
2 2
4+5
= 60
2
9
=
60  2
9
=
120
3
=
40

94. Taking x = -4/9, y = 5/12 and, z = 7/18, find:

(a) the rational number which when added to x gives y.
(b) the rational number which subtracted from y gives z.
(c) the rational number which when added to z gives us x.
(d) the rational number which when multiplied by y to get x.
(e) the reciprocal of x + y.
(f) the sum of reciprocals of x and y.
(g) (x ÷ y) × z
(h) (x – y) + z
(i) x + (y + z)
(j) x ÷ (y ÷ z)
(k) x – (y + z)

Solution:
Given,
−4
x=
9
5
y=
12
7
z=
18
( a ) We add A to x to get y.
A+x = y
−4 5
A+ =
9 12
4 5
A= +
9 12
31
A=
36

( b ) We Subtract A from y to get z

y−A= z
5 7
−A=
12 18
5 7
A= −
12 18
1
A=
36

( c ) We add A to z to give x.
A+ z = x
7 −4
A+ =
18 9
−4 7
A= −
9 18
−5
A=
6

( d ) We multiply A to y then we get x.

A y = x
5 −4
A =
12 9
−4 12
A=
95
−48
A=
45
( e ) the reciprocal of x + y.
−4 5
x+ y = +
9 12
−1
=
36
Reciprocal of x + y = −36

( f ) the sum of reciprocals of x and y.

1 1 1 1
+ = +
x y −4 5
9 12
−9 12
= +
4 5
3
=
20
 −4 5  7
(g) (x  y)  z =   
 9 12  18
−56
=
135

 −4 5  7
(h) ( x – y) + z =  − +
 9 12  18
 −16 − 15  7
= +
 36  18
−17
=
36
−4
( i ) x + ( y + z ) = +  + 
5 7
9  12 18 
−4  15 + 14 
= + 
9  36 
13
=
36
−4
( j ) x  ( y  z ) =    
5 7
9  12 18 
−4  5  18 
=  
9  12  7 
−56
=
135
 −4  5 7 
(k ) x – (y + z) = − + 
9  12 18 
−4  15 + 14 
= − 
9  36 
−5
=
4

95. What should be added to –1/2 to obtain the nearest natural number?

Solution:
−1
As we know that nearest number of is 1.
2
−1
Let y be added to obtain 1.
2
So,
−1
+ y =1
2
1
y = 1+
2
2 +1
y=
2
3
y=
2

96. What should be subtracted from –2/3 to obtain the nearest integer?

Solution:

−2
As we know that nearest number of is -1.
3
−2
Let y be subtracted from to obtain -1.
3
So,

−2
− y = −1
3
−2
y= +1
3
−2 + 3
y=
3
1
y=
3
97. What should be multiplied with –5/8 to obtain the nearest integer?

Solution:
−5
As we know that nearest number of is -1
8
Let y be the number,
We have,
−5
 y = −1
8
8
y=
5

98. What should be divided by 1/2 to obtain the greatest negative integer?

Solution:
As we know that greatest negative number is -1.

Let y be the number.

We have,
1
 y = −1
2
1 1
 = −1
2 y
−1
y=
2

99. From a rope 68 m long, pieces of equal size are cut. If length of one
piece is 4(1/4) m, find the number of such pieces.

Solution:
Given, length of the rope is 68 meters.
1
Length of small pieces = 4 m
4
17
= m
4
Hence,
68
Number of pieces =
17
4
 68 4
= 
1 17
= 4 4
= 16
Therefore, 16 is the number of pieces.

100. If 12 shirts of equal size can be prepared from 27m cloth, what is
length of cloth required for each shirt?

Solution:
Given,
Total size of available cloth is 27 meters
Since, 12 shirts can be made from 27 meters long cloth.
Total available cloth
Length of cloth required for each shirt =
Number of shirt
27
=
12
9
=
4
= 2.25m
Therefore, 2.25 meters of cloth is required for each shirt.

101. Insert 3 equivalent rational numbers between

(i) –1/2 and 1/5 (ii) 0 and –10

Solution:

−1 1
(i ) and
2 5
−1 −1  5
=
2 25
−5
=
10
1 1 2
=
5 5 2
2
=
10
Therefore, three equivalent rational number,
−3 −6 −9
, ,
10 20 30

(ii) Three equivalent rational numbers between 0 and -10 are,

 −10 −20
−2, ,
5 10

102. Put the (√), wherever applicable

Solution:

The table is :

103. ‘a’ and ‘b’ are two different numbers taken from the numbers 1 – 50.
What is the largest value that (a – b)/( a + b) can have? What is the largest
value that (a + b)/(a – b) can have?
Solution:
Let,
a = 50
b=1

Given, a and b are two different numbers between 1 and 50.

a − b 50 − 1
=
a + b 50 + 1
49
=
51
Similarly ,
Let a = 50 and b = 49
a + b 50 + 49
=
a − b 50 − 49
99
=
1

104. 150 students are studying English, Maths or both. 62 per cent of the
students are studying English and 68 per cent are studying Maths. How
many students are studying both?

Solution:

Total students in the class studying Maths, English, or both = 150

Students of Maths = 68% of 150
= 102
Students of English = 62% of 150
= 93
Total students who are studying both subject = Students of Maths + Students of English –
Students of both subjects
= 93+ 102 – 150
= 45

105. A body floats 2/9 of its volume above the surface. What is the ratio of
the body submerged volume to its exposed volume? Re-write it as a
rational number.

Solution:

Given,
2
Body’s Volume =
9
Volume of body submerged = 1 - volume of body exposed
 2
=1-
9
7
=
9
Hence, required ratio,

7 2
: = 7:2
9 9

Find the odd one out of the following and give reason.

106. (a) 4/3 x 3/4 (b) -3/2 x -2/3 (c) 2 x 1/2 (d) -1/3 x 3/1

Solution:

4 3
(a)  = 1
3 4
−3 −2
(b)  =1
2 3
1
(c)2  = 1
2
−1 3
(d)  = −1
3 1

Option (d) is the odd one.

107. (a) 4/−9 (b) -16/36 (c) −20/-45 (d) 28/−63

Solution:

−20
is the only positive rational number among all in the above-given questions. Therefore,
−45
the option (c) is the odd one.

108. (a) -4/3 (b) -7/6 (c) -10/3 (d) −8/7

Solution:

−7
is odd one because all other three in above-given question have odd denominator and
6
even numerator.

109. (a) −3/7 (b) -9/15 (c) 24/20 (d) 35/25

Solution:
−3
is in the lowest form, while other three were have common factor in their numerator and
7
denominator.

110. What’s the Error? Chhaya simplified a rational number in this

manner -25/-30 = −5/6. What error did the student make?

Solution:
If a denominator and numerator both have negative sign, then it will cancel out each other
and resulting fraction will be positive rational number.
Therefore,
−25 5
=
−30 6

Here, Chhaya divided numerator by 5 but denominator by -5.