Inductive استقراءimplicit
Deductive استنتاجexplicit
Competence = غياب المعرفة لدى الطالب
Intensive listening = bottom - up ( part to whole)
Extensive Listening = up - bottom ( whole to part)
Up - down= prior knowledge
Bottom - up = تهتم بgtamatical competence
Intensive reading = focus on how to use the language in a text
( loud reading) + short , complicated
Extensive reading = fluency + general understanding
Reading = أصال يكونsilent NOT oral
Approach = beliefs theoretical thoughts about language usage
Behaviorism
Methods = achieving learning adjusts
Teachers roll
Appliance of approaches
Audio -lingual
Technique = teaching aids + activities
Rubrics = المقياس اللفظي
تقيس اكثر من مهاره وتناسب المهارات الصعبه مثلessay
يعطيني معيار ويساعد الطالب
Grammar:
▫️
Explicit = forms
▫️
Implicit = meaning
Generalization
سببه
Difficult system of the target language
Morphology : the study of word structure .
Syntax : the study of sentence structure .
Semantics = study of meaning of the word
Extensive reading = develop fluency
Manner of articulation = stopped / flow ……
Place of articulation = مكانه في الحلق
Velar - alveolar - denetal - nasal
Paralinguistic = no utterance
Strategic confidence = compensate تعويضي
AR= context - generalization- additive - repetiton
EN= text (non context) - changing - specific (the use of possessive pronouns )
Reading - writing theory
ecological theory = place and local affect his writing
Cognitive = mental process
Sociocultural theory = cooperative + need peer work and feedback
Greeting = adjacency pair ( roll taking )
———————————
✓ Concord :
Subject - verb agreement
الفعل مثل السبجيكت
✓ Parallelism :
استخدام الأفعال بتطابق
She like playing , cooking , to run ❌
literal comprehension = الفهم السطحي للمعلومه بدون عمق
Interpretive comprehension = الفهم العميق
Thin question = اسئله بسيطه ما تحتاج تفكير عميق والcritical thinking
Thick question = why ? How ? That is the reassoning ?
Coral reading = يغنون
Suggestopidia
Pronunciation is developed by reading out loud
Community method = Affectively based خليهم يفضفض عن مشاعرهم
The meaning of the sentence = semantics
Structure of the sentence = syntax
Cognates = words have similar meaning , pronunciation and look similar in another
language
(Cotton) ( computer )
Course evaluation = indirect with
Research project = direct method
Diagnostic = needs prior to instruction (weaknesses+ strength)
Discourse utterance = cohesive and coherence
Hyprid learning = blended learning
Face-to-face and online (Asynchrous)
krashen = natural approach “ error correction”
Intermediate مناسب لهمtask based
Performance test = macro skills
Competence test = micro ( grammar pronunciation, vocabs)
Associating concepts = behaviorist ربط المواضيع
language variation= inherent and systematic part in the language
Interjection= hello, hurry
Reference = speaking + writing ( output productive )
Relationship between part of the language and things outside of the language
أتكلم واقول رائعة
Inference = listening + reading ( input receptive)
تعمق في المعانيimpilied meaning
Photonics : articulation, acoustic, audition
Pictures = speaking and writing
Elision = حذف حرف من الكلمه كاختيار
I’m gonna
Ellipsis = I ordered pizza and Sara burger
Zero anaphoric = حذف ضمير عشان ما نعيده
Lack of confidence affect competence
Extensive speaking happens when you give oral reports speeches, and summaries
= إسم بعدين صفةadjective phrase
=صفة بعدين اسمnoun phrase
= إذا كان عندي فعلadverbs
Germanic = English
Roman = French , Spain , Italian
Fragment sentence = يعني جملة ناقصة
Appositive sentence = توضيح شي ماله داعي زي تعريف باسم
بفاصله
Copulative مثلlinking verbs
غموض الجملةsyntactic = structure
= غموض الكلمهsemantic = lixical
To asses listening = summarize via speaking writing
Imperatives drills = physical activities
Symptoms/antonyms/ hyponyms/ homonyms/.….
كلها معsemantic
Use a mind map when:
Brainstorming ideas.
Taking notes during a lecture or meeting.
Planning a project or essay.
Studying for an exam.
——————.
Use a concept map when:
Understanding complex topics.
Relation ship between ideas
Organizing research findings.
( structuring knowledge)
Solving problems.
Teaching or explaining a concept.
———————————-
Paralinguistic = teaching using gestures
Helps with coherence
Coherence means : the flow of idea and organizing it
Cohesion means: the connection between parts like conjunction
Syntactic = sentence structure
Morphology = word structure
Semantics = word meaning/sentence meaning
It’s a study of the meaning of the word
Linguistics = study of structure of the language
Read loud strategy = meta cognitive
Think loud strategy= critical thinking and express idea reflect their thinking,
ideas “ reading, and listening”
Word wall= reading, and writing
Word expansion, use of word
IELTS , TOEFL = Holistic scoring
Using the form, Maxines informative, truth, follow well event and clear = using
cooperative principle
Apply meaning through conversation= conversational implicature
Implicature = say something but means something else
Hidden meaning مثل الطلب
Can you pass the salt ? (Request )
اللي مثله ايضًاillocutionary
Indirect speech act = هو سوال وجواب مالهم عالقه ببعض فيها
Direct speech act = سوال صريح عن المقدره مثل
Semantic
Presupposition = assume something من قبل
John is late again
( he is always late)
Manner maxim = ambiguity
Product writing = focuses on linguistic features
Synthetic syllables = grammar > creat phrases = inductive
Grammatical competence = bottom up ( linguistic competence)
Analytic = analys the phrase > grammar = inductive
National syllable = communication
Time/ quantity / location
strategy
Aim
Goals
Objectives
Intralanguage is developmental error = experimental
Interlanguage is not fixed , it develops progress
quantitative = test score
quantitative = fail/ pass comment/ opinion / good job
( questionnaire-interviews-observation portfolio -test)
Informal assessment = normal conditions
Through Systematic observation
Compositions = حقتteacher يكتب فيها مؤلفاته
الهدف منهاmonitor themselves and their progress
Feid dependent relies on big pictures context titles images “ external reference” (
social oriented )
Field independent = rely on step-by-step analytic solve problem “logic”
(Detail oriented )
At the end of chapter = formative مثال
Progressive = specific scope
Achievement need a program = summative
Profiecency = STEP , doesn’t need a program ( summative , norm reference)
Summative = norms reference
Fomrative = criterion reference
Approximanta glides = semi vowel
Orthography = spelling
Structuralism:
✓ TPR = focus on vocabs and grammar
✓ Silent way = inductively + implicitly ( fidal chart)
✓ Direct “natural = inductively + implicitly > student self correction
“noL1”
✓ Audiolingual = implicit + inductive “noL1”
✓ Grammar = explicit + deductive
————————————————————————
Communicative = autonomy ( skills integrated)
Speaking and listening > writing and reading
National functional communicative:
1-task -based
2-content -based
3- communicative language teaching
( meta cognitive)
planning = preview the main idea
Monitoring = self checking
Evaluating = development to determine how well has been accomplished
(Cognitive)
Summarizing
Making inference = using clues to guess
Using Resources
Classifying
Predict ( anticipating)
Note taking
Strategic competence ( compensatory )
Overcome difficulties (knowledge gap)
To flow the communication
Teacher rolls to develop autonomy > facilitator, counselor, resource
Spatial = يحبون الصور
Language attrition: loss of second or foreign language after learning
يشبهplateau
Attrition of L1= among immigrants
Attrition of L2= language is not used in the community
TESOL = teaching English to speakers of other language
Speech accommodation = تبسيط الكالم للطفل عشان يفهم
مراعاة الطرف الآخر في الكالم
Two to puberty = critical period hypothesis
He learns language, easily rapidly perfectly without instruction
Content schema = background knowledge related to topic ( earthquick )
Formal schema = background about structure particular genre ( types of report )
✓ Assimilation = taking new information
✓ Accommodation = changing altering exiting schema
✓ Equilibration = balance between them
Preparational = عندهego
Concrete = “logic” beliefs , speech details
Formal = critical thinking reasons, abstract
Predicting = before
Inferring = in the middle of reading ( clues )
Editions. تصحيحideals and structures
Proofreading = grammar mistakes
Formal dialogue = interviews, regarding workplace
Informational dialogue = teaching in school, giving a lecture
lpsative assessment = assisting student based on previous work, make them motivate
and learn from their mistakes
Implementation= delivereding the lesson to student
Blending = أعطيهم حروف مفرقه واقولهم وش هي الكلمه
Segmenting = أعطيهم كله واقول فصلوا الأصوات فيها
Isolating = تنبهيهم على صوت من الأصوات
بشكل مميز او أقول لهم وش أقول صوت في كلمه ماب يقولون م
Connectivism = learning language, socially through technology
Intensive listening = dictation
Encourage to free write: تعزيز الكتابه الحرة
Provide stimulus = realia
Working together = brain storm
Interactive activities
Teaching words with verbal presentation
Like semantic mapping ( synonym, antonyms,collocation)
بعدto check understanding يحطونها فيsynonyms
Display question = elicit prior knowledge, ask about specific information , form
and meaning
Refriential questions = خياليهwhat would you do if
(Content)
Concept = to check if the student understand the lesson extract something from the
context
Gestures : your hand while speaking
Emblems = non-verbal signal ( thumbs up)
Backchannels = to show interests ( hmmm) yeah
Anomia = difficulties, finding words associated with wernicks aphasia