TITLE: DEMONSTRATION OF OPERATIONS ON
CENTRE LATHE
OBJECTIVE:To study the various operations such
as turning, step turning, facing, boring, taper
turning, knurling, grooving, threading of center
lathe.
THEORY:
A product is made up of many components which
are manufactured by various manufacturing
processes such as casting, forging, welding;
machining etc depends on the application and cost
of that particular component. In the machining
process various operations comes like turning, step
turning, facing, boring, taper turning, knurling,
grooving, threading. All these operations can be
done on center lathe hence center lathe is one of
the importance type of machines.
In this practical we are going to study the operations
which are mentioned above. Lathe is a machine tool
which rotates the work piece on its axis to perform
various operations such as cutting, sanding,
knurling, drilling or deformation with tools that are
applied to the work piece to create an object which
has symmetry about an axis of rotation. Examples
of objects that can be produced on a lathe include
candlestick holders, gun barrels, sticks, table legs,
bowls, baseball bats, musical instruments
(especially woodwind instruments),crankshafts and
camshafts.
Parts of lathe and their function
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Bed: Almost all lathes have a horizontal beam is
called as bed. It has guide ways on it for sliding and
supporting tail stock and carriage.
Head stock: At one end of the bed (almost always
the left, as the operator faces the lathe) is a
headstock. It contains drive mechanism with
necessary speed change arrangement to achieve
different speeds. It also has chuck which is used to
hold the job.
Tail stock: It is places opposite to headstock. It can
move along guide ways. Its main applications are to
hold long jobs to avoid vibrations and excessive
deformation and for drilling axial holes in the work
piece it can also hold the tools such as drill, reamer,
tap to do the operations like drilling, reaming etc.
Carriage: It is located between head stock and tail
stock. It can be moved in longitudinal direction and
can be fixed at any position. Carriage has following
parts
a. Saddle: Its base portion, located across lathe
bed and carries cross slide and tool post, it can be
moved longitudinally along the bed.
b. Apron: it is attached to saddle and appears as
hanging on front side. It consists of gears for motion
transmission.
Cross slide: it is mounted on top of the saddle and
acts as support to compound rest
Compound rest: It is mounted on cross slide and it
consists of swivel and top slide.
The tool post is mounted on top slide.
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Tool post: it is used to hold the tool position the
tool as per the requirement.
Various Lathe operations
Turning: It is the process of removing the material
from extended surface of rotating work piece. So it
is the process by which a piece of material (wood,
metal, plastic, or stone) is rotated and a cutting tool
is traversed along 2 axes of motion to produce
precise diameters and depths
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Step Turning: It is the process of obtaining
different diameters on a work piece along the length
by adjusting depth of the tool.
y mounting workpiece onto the cross slide and
placing cutting tool into the chuck.
Knurling: The cutting of a serrated pattern onto the
surface of a part to use as A hand grip using a
special purpose knurling tool.
Threading: It is the process of producing the helical
V grooves on the surface with the help of lead
screw.
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Facing
It is the process of removing the material from the
end surface or face of work piece.
Grooving: It is the process of producing V shape
cyclical groove on the surface,the tool has similar V
shape as required to produce on work piece.
CONCLUSION:
Hence we have studied various operations such as
turning, step turning, facing, boring,taper turning,
knurling, grooving, and threading which are
performed on center lathe.
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