aan Number System A system in which we deal with different types of number is termed as ‘number system’ Numbers (Numerals), which are the symbolical representation in mathematical language are the base of Mathematics. In Hindu-Arabic system, ten digits (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) are used to represent any number. Numeration Systems Numeration means expressing a number in words. We express numbers in two ways. These two systems of numeration are 1. Indian system 2. International system. Indian/Hindu-Arabic System Periods Crore Lakhs Thousands Units 38 8) s3 g| 3 2 z 7 88 | gs | 32 ]| g8 38 a $38 lel 2. wim 88 88 | fe fe | 28 | $8) ge fe | 8 Nareral | 3 2 5 2 3 7 i 6 To read the number name, we normally read number alongwith periods except in the case of digits in the ones period. The above numeral is written as 43, 25, 23, 716. It is read as forty three crore twenty five lakh twenty three thousand seven hundred sixteen. International System Periods Milion Thousands. Units fe] sg 3s |i 3 e 2/ se|.g/ 3 5 2 z 3s | ss | £8 | £8 | 68 | 88 | Se | se | ge vues | 88 | 28 | 2g FS | £8 | $8 | B8 |) be | § ge) Ss | *2 | g8 | § é z z Nomerat | 4 3 2It is most commonly used system in the world. In this system given numeral is written as 432, 523, 716. It is read as four hundred thirty two million five hundred twenty three thousand seven hundred sixteen. Example] Write in words : 95,876 (a) Ninety five thousand eight hundred sixty seven. (0) Ninety five thousand eight hundred seventy six (©) Nine thousand five hundred eighty seven six (a) Ninety five thousand seven hundred eighty six Sol. (b) The numeral is written as 95,876. It is read as ninety five thousand eight hundred seventy six. Example 2 Write in figures : Seventy thousand three hundred sixty four. (@) 70364 (b) 73064 (©) 73046 (@) 70346 Sol. (a) It is written as 70364. Types of Numbers Natural Numbers Numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, .. ete, which are used for counting are called natural numbers. CF The number zero (0) is not a natural number. Whole Numbers All natural numbers together with 0 (zero) are called whole numbers. Thus, 0, 1, 2, 3,4, ... €tc,, are whole numbers. (B.D is the smallest whole number. Prime Numbers A number greater than 1 which cannot be divided by any other number except 1 and itself, is called a prime number, e.g. 2 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17 etc, CF-2 is the least prime number. Composite Numbers A positive integer that has atleast one divisor other than 1 and itself is called a composite number, 4, 6, 8, 9 arc all composite numbers. &F (i) 1 is neither prime nor composite. (i) 4is the smallest composite number. Even Numbers Those numbers which are divisible by 2 are known as even numbers, e.g. 2, 4,6,8, 10 etc. CF 2 is the smallest even number. Odd Numbers Numbers which are not divisible by 2are called odd numbers e.g. 1, 3,5, 7-9 Ll, 13 etc CE 1 is the smallest odd number. Helping Tips = Sumof any 2, 4.6 even number + Sum of any 3,5,7, odd number + Difference of any 2 odd numbers must be an even number. ‘odd numbers must be an ‘odd numbers must be an Tests of Divisibility By 2 If the last digit of a number is either 2, 4, 6, 8 or 0, the number is divisible by 2, e.g. 242, 306, 488, 500. By 3 If the sum of the digits of a number is divisible by 3, the number is divisible by 3, e.g. 243, 2427, 3456, eg 243 = 244439 3 So, 243 is divisible by 3. By 4 If the last two digits of a number are divisible by 4 or 100, the number is di 1424, 1500, 1748 eg. 1424 ble by 4, e.g. Dividing the last two digits by 4, we get, 2 So, 1424, is divisible by 4. By 5 If the last digit of a number is either 5 or 0, the number is divisible by 5, e.g. 375, 3460, 6575. By 9 If the sum of the digits of a number is divisible by 9, the number is divisible by 9. e.g, 243, 3438, 4554, etc. eg. 243 244439 According to divisibility test, So, 243 is divisible by 9. By 10 If the last digit of a number is 0, the number is divisible by 10, e.g. 540, 1860, 2370. (mportant Formulae + Dividend = Divisor x Quotient + Remainder Dividend Remainder Quotient Dividend— Remainder Divisor = Divisor = = QuotientExample 3 On dividing 18270 by a certain number, the quotient is 186 and the remainder is 42. Find the divisor. (99 (B91 (98 (a) 100 Dividend —Remainder Sol. (c) Divisor = Quatent = 18270-42 _18228 _ gg 186 186 Place Value and Face Value ina Given Number Place value of unit digit = (Unit digit) x 1 Place value of tens digit = (Tens digit) x 10 Place value of hundreds digit = (Hundreds digit) x 100 Place value of thousands digit = (Thousands digit) x 1000 and so on. In a numeral, the face value of a digit is the value of the digit itself irrespective of its place in the numeral Example 4 Find the place value and face value of 3 in the number 53974. (a) 300,3 (b) 30, 3000 (©) 3000,3 (4) 30000, 300 Sol. (c) The place value of 3 = 31000 = 3000 ‘The face value of 3 =3 CF The face value of a digit in a number is the value of digit itself. Example 5 What is the place value of 8 and 7 in the number 86754? (a) 8000, 700 (b) 80000, 7000 (©) 800, 7000 (4) 80000, 700 Sol. (d) Place value of 8 = 8 x10000 = 80000 Place value of 7 =7 x100 =700 How to write greatest n-digit number? Since, we know that 9 is the greatest digit given to all digits in Hindu-Arabic system, hence 9 is the only digit which can be used to form the greatest number. 2 digit If we want to write two digit greatest number, we must write 9 twice, i.e. 99 3 digit If we want to write three digit greatest number, we must write 9 thrice, ie. 999 4 digit If we want to write four digit greatest number, we must write 9 four times, i. 9999 and so on. How to write smallest n-digit number? Since, we know that 0 is the smallest and 1 is the second smallest to all digits in Hindu-Arabic system. So, 1 and 0 are the only digits which can be used to form the smallest number and 1 must be placed before 0, since occurrence of 0 at first place has no meaning due to its face value 2 digit If we want to write two digit smallest number, we must write | at first place and thereafter single 0 must be placed. ie. 10 3 digit If we want to write three digit smallest number, we must write | at first place and thereafter double 0 must be placed. ive, 100 4 digit If we want to write four digit smallest number, we must write | at first place and thereafter triple 0 must be placed. ie. 1000 and soon. Example 6 The greatest 8-digit number with given digits 3, 5, 1, 2,2, 7,0 and 4 is (@) 75432210 (&) 75432201 (6) 75432021 (a) 75430221 Sol. (a) The greatest 8-digit number =75432210. Example 7 Which of the following is smallest three digit number? (a) 900 (b) 100 (0) 999 (d) 990 Sol. (4) The smallest number of three digi wll be 100, Approximate Value Sometimes, we face the conditions, where we have to depend on approximate values. 4g. If we are celebrating a party in our home, then we arrange the party for approximate number of ‘guests. Suppose, in a particular month, a person’s expenditure is € 1976, he can assume it to be € 2000, Example 8 The approximate value of 25986 is (a) 25000 (b) 25500 (c) 26000 (d) 26500 ‘Sol. (c) Here, 986 = 1000 (Let) 25000 +1000 = 26000 Roman Numbers ‘The numbers which we use are called ‘Arabic Numbers’ but sometimes we use the another system for writing numbers called Roman System.Mostly, Roman numbers are used to denote the class standard and position (rank) of a candidate, in faces of clocks, in page numbering etc The letters used in roman numbers are I=L V=5, — X=10, L=50, C=100, D=500, M=1000 Roman Numbers Chart Roman Arabic Roman ‘Arabic U 1 xix 19 u 2 xx 20 Ww 3 XK 30 v 4 XL 40 v 5 L 50 wl 6 bow % vi 7 xc. 90 vil 8 c 100 x 9 D 500 Roman Numbers Chart Roman Arabic Roman ‘Arabic x 10 ol 501 x 1 xxx 520) xi 2 DL. 550 Xl 18 Deow 707 xv 4 Dccaxc 890 xv. 18 cM 900 xv 16 MO 1500 xu 7 MOccC +1800 xvi 18 MM. 2000 Example 9 Number 51 write in Roman number. (XL ®u (Lx (@ Ul Sol. (b) In Roman number L =50; So,51=LI @ Practice Exercise 1. Write in words (International System) : 243, 183, 017 (a) Two hundred forty three million one hundred eighty three thousand seventeen, (b) Two hundred forty million thirty one hundred eighty thousand seventeen (c) Two hundred forty three million one hundred eighty three thousand seventy one (4) Twenty five hundred thirty one million eighty three thousand seventeen 2, Write the numeral (International System) ‘Two hundred twenty five million five hundred thousand seven hundred eighty thre (a) 225, 570, 783 (c) 225, 583, 000 (b) 225, 500, 783 (a) 200, 225, 783 3. Write in the numeral : Three crore fifty one lakh two thousand sixty one. (a) 3.51, 02, 061 (b) 3,52, 02, 061 {c) 3, 51, 20, 061 (a) 3, 51, 02, 016 4. How many prime numbers between Land 15? (as 8 @7 a6 5S. The sum of all even numbers below 10 is (a) 20 (b) 10 (oy 19 (d) 24 6. Which one of the following statements is true? (a) All even numbers are composite numbers (b) All odd numbers are prime numbers (c) There are infinite prime numbers (d) A prime number can be written as the product of more than two natural number 7. Which of the following numbers is divisible by 3? (a) 687 (b)340,(c) 712. (a) 551 8, 7386032 is divisible by (a) 3 (bya 9 (ay 9. Which one of the following numbers is divisible by 9? (a) 7532458 (b) 6812348 (c) 6234588 (a) 4701828 10. On dividing a number by 9, the quotient is 12 and remainder is 7. Find the number. (a) 116 (b) 115 (c) 120 (4) 125nu 5 14. 15. 16. v7, 18. u 2 If Divisor = 132, Quotient = 29, Remainder = 12. Find the dividend. (a) 3480 (b) 3840 (c) 3540 (d) 3380 19. 20. The sum of the greatest and smallest number of 3 digits is, (a) 1099 (b) 1100 (c) 1999 (d) 1090 If Dividend = 19587, Divisor = 156, Find the largest number which can be Remainder = 87. Find the quotient. formed by 5: 7,8, 6. anger = quotient. (a) 8765 (b) 7865 (c) 8756 (d) 7856 (a) 150 (b)75—(c) 125 (ay 110 2h hind the small ber which can b | Find t t . Find the place value of 9 in the number 9063. fomedty3.87° ~~ So ee Nem oz (a) 8973 (b) 3789 (c) 9783 (d) 7398, Find the diference of place values of in 2 choose the correct option, if mumbers (a) 54999 (b) 59499 806, 860, 086, 260 and 800 are arranged in (c) 59949 (d) 59994 ascending order (a) 086, 806, 860, 800, 260 ‘The sum of face value of 3 in 6231, 6321 (b) 800, 860, 086, 260, 806 and 3621 is (c) 086, 260, 800, 806, 860 (a) 3033 (b) 9 (c) 3330 (d) 3333 (d) 800, 806, 860, 086, 260 Find the difference between the largest 23. The smallest even number formed by using and least number of five digits. the digits 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 is (a) 99999 (b) 98999 (c) 89899 (d) 89999 (a) 12345 (b) 12435 (c) 12354 (d) 12453 What is the difference between largest 24. 4152 rounded off to the nearest thousand is number of four digits and least number of (a) 4000 (b) 5000 (c) 4500 (a) $500 three digits? 25. Number 2185 in Roman number. (a) 9899 (b) 9989 (a) MMCLXXXV (b) MMMCLXXV eee (a) 2999 (c) MMCLXXIV (d) MMCLXXXVI The greatest number of five digit which 26. In number 97580, if the digits 7 and 5 c1so aN Seo interchange their places, the difference 8 between the original and the new number is Cee to ee (a) 1800 (b) 1080 (c) 1008 (d) 1000 Answers @[2]o[3l@l[4j@[sl@l[selol7l@l[slw@[slalwlo Te [2 Te [13 [4 li [1s fe) | 16 [@) | 17 [a | 18 |) | 19 @ | 20 le @ [a2 [23 [26 fay [25 fa) | 26 To) aww 7. Hints & Solutions |. Two hundred forty three million one hundred eighty three thousand seventeen, . 225,500,783 . 3, 51,02,061 . Prime numbers between I and 15 = 2, 3, 5,7, 11, 13. So, total number of prime numbers = six. All even numbers below 10 are 2, 4, 6, 8 Sum=(2+4+6+8)=20 . There are infinite prime numbers. For a number to be divisible by 3, its sum of 8 digits must be divisible by 3 Here, 687=0*8+7_21_ 3 +. 687 is divisible by 3. The given number is 7386032. ‘The sum of the digits =7+3484+6+0+3+2=29 and 29 is not divisible by 3, 9 and 11 But, last two digits of a number is 32 which is visible by 4. Hence, the given number is divisible by 4. 712. 13. 14. 1) 3 4) 5) |. By option (c), Sum of digits of number 6234588 = 6424+3+445+8+8=36 Which is divisible by 9. Hence, the number is divisible by 9. |. Number = (Divisor x Quotient) + Remainder = 9x12+7=108+ 115 |. Dividend = Divisor x Quotient + Remainder 32% 29+12= 3828 + 12= 3840 Dividend —Remainder Quotient = Pvidend= Remainder Divisor _19587-87 19500 _ 55 156 156 9063 3% 810260 Ox 100 9310009000 «. Place value of 9= 9x1000'= 9000 368976 Required difference = 60000~ 6 9994 Write the number ‘78921092’ in Intemational system. (@) Seventy eight lakh ninety two thousand ten hundred and ninety two (0) Seven crore eighty nine takh twenty one thousand and ninety two (6) Seventy eight milion nine hundred twenty one thousand and ninety two (@) Seven crore eighty nine lakh twenty one thousand and ninety two Which one of the following numbers is divisible by 3? (@) 2876423 (b) 9866003 (c) 2845678 (4) 4006020 Dividend = 100400, Quotient = 392, Remainder = 48, Divisor = ? (2) 126 (0)226 (0) 256d) 258 Find the sum of place and face values of 8 in 43836. (88 (>) 808 () 880d) 888 The ifference between the largest 5-digit number and the smallest 3-digit number is (2) 99899 (>) 89999 (c) 99890 _(¢) 98809 Try Yourself Least number of five digit So, difference = 99999-10000 = 89999 17. Largest number of four digits = 9999 Least number of three digits = 100 «Difference = 9999-100 = 9899 18, 89997 is the required number. 19. ~ Greatest number of 3 digits = 999 Smallest number of 3 digits = 100 = Sum = (999+100) =1099 20. Largest number = 8765 21. Smallest number formed by 3, 8, 7, 9 will be 3789, 22, Required order = 086,260,800,806,860 23. -.Required even number = 12354 24. 4152 rounded off to the nearest thousand is. 4000. 25. 2185 =MMCLXXXV 26. -: Original number = 97580 ‘New number = 95780 Difference = 97580-95780 = 1800 6) The number 49532 rounded off to the nearest thousand is (a) 41000 (b) 50000 (¢) 49000 (4) 49500 7). Write the following four numbers in descending order 1. 4203567 2. 4203657 3. 4203756 4, 4203675 (a) [Link] (0)3,4,2,1 (0) 1,2,4,3 ()3,2,4,1 8) In the given number 890436, if you write 0 in place of 4, by how much the resulting number be less than the given number? 40 (400) 496 (a) 36 9) Write 73 as a Roman numeral {@) VIKIK —(O) LOX (©) LOK (@) La 10) Write XIX as a number. @2 18 @19 @I6 Answers. 10 2@ 30 46 $s @ 6% 7% 8H 9H we