,ay; - 5
ePjpntz;gh
1 nra;Fjk;gp ghtyupd; fy;tp gw;wpa nra;jpfis vOJf.
mUspidg; ngUf;fp> mwpitr; rPuhf;fp> kaf;fk; mfw;wp> mwpTf;Fj; njspT je;J>
capUf;F mupa Jizaha; ,d;gk; Nru;g;gJ fy;tpNa MFk;. vdNt mijg; Nghw;wpf;
fw;f Ntz;Lk;.
2. ,ilf;fhldhu; ,iwtdplk; Ntz;baJ ahJ?
,ilf;fhldhu; ,iwtid tzq;fp “jkpowpAk; ngUkhNd! ghz;ba kd;ddplk;
nrhw;Rit epuk;gpa ftpijiag; ghbNdd;. mtNdh rpwpJk; Ritj;J jiy mirf;fhky;
vd; Gyikia mtkjpj;jhd;” vd;whu;. ghz;bad; vd;id ,fotpy;iy nrhy;ypd;
tbtkhf tpsq;Fk; ghu;tjp NjtpiaAk;> nrhy;ypd; nghUshf tpsq;Fk; cd;idANk
mtkjpj;jhd; vd;W rpdj;Jld; $wpr; nrd;whu;.
jpUtpisahlw; Guhzk;
1. kd;dd; ,iwtdplk; Ntz;baJ ahJ?
,iwtNd! vd;dhy>; vd; gilfshy;> vd; giftuhy;> fs;tuhy;> fhl;by; cs;s
tpyq;Fshy; ,j; jkpo; ehl;by; jq;fSf;F VNjDk; ,ilA+W Vw;gl;ljh? kiwatu; ey;
xOf;fj;jpy; Fiwe;jdNuh? jtKk; jUkKk; RUq;fpaNjh? ,y;ywKk; JwtwKk; mtu;
mtu; newpapypUe;J jtwpdNuh? vkJ je;ijNa ahd; mwpNad;” vd Ntz;bdhd;
kd;dd;.
2. kd;ddu; ,ilf;fhldhUf;Fr; rpwg;Gr; nra;j tpjj;ij vOJf.
kd;ddJ khspifia kyu;fs;> G+uz Fk;gk;> nfhb Mfpatw;why; xg;gid
nra;ag;gl;lJ. Gytu;fs; #o ,ilf;fhldhiu kq;fykhf xg;gid nra;J nghd;
,Uf;ifapy; tpjpg;gb mku;j;jpdhd;.
ghz;bad;> “Gz;zpa tbthd Gytu;fNs> ehd; ,ilf;fhldhUf;Fr; nra;j
Fw;wj;ijg; nghWj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;” vd;W gzpe;J tzq;fpdhd;. Gytu;fSk;>
kd;dh eP $wpa mKjk; Nghd;w nrhy;yhy; vq;fs; rpdkhd jP jzpe;jJ vd;wdu;.
nkhopngau;g;Gf; fy;tp
1. nkhopngau;g;G nrk;ik Fwpj;J vOJf.
Hundred railsleepers were washed away - ,jpy; railsleeper vd;gJ jz;lthsj;jpy;
cs;s FWf;Ff; fl;ilfisf; Fwpf;Fk;. mjid cwq;fpf; nfhz;bUe;jtu;fs; vd;W
nkhopngau;gg
; J jtwhFk;.
camel vd;gjw;F tlk;> xl;lfk; vd;W ,U nghUs; cs;sJ. Crp fhjpy; tlk;
EioahJ vd;Dk; Ntw;Wnkhop njhliu nkhop ngau;f;Fk; NghJ Crp fhjpy; xl;lfk;
EioahJ vd nkhopngau;j;jy; $lhJ.
Underground drainage vd;w njhliu ghjhs rhf;fil vd;W nkhopngau;j;jdu.;
Mdhy; kiyahs nkhopapy; cs;s Gijrhf;fil vd;w nrhy; nghUj;jkhf cs;sij
mwpe;J mijNa gad;gLj;jpdu;.
Tele vd;why; njhiy vd;W nghUs;. MfNt Telegraph, Television, Telescope
Kjypa nrhw;fis nkhopngau;f;Fk; NghJ njhiy vd;Dk; Kd;xl;il gad;gLj;jp
njhiytup> njhiyfhl;rp> njhiyNgrp vd;W gad;gLj;jpdu;.
,jw;F khwhf Transcribe, Transfer, Transform nrhw;fis nkhopngau;f;Fk; NghJ
Trans vd;Dk; Kd;xl;il gad;gLj;jtpy;iy. vdNt ,lk; ghu;j;J nkhopngau;f;f
Ntz;Lk;.
2. nkhopngau;g;gpd; gad;fs; ahit?
,J nkhopngau;gG ; f; fhyk;. fhiy vOe;jJ Kjy; ,uTtiu ek; gzpfs;
gytw;wpy; nkkhopngau;g;G ,Ue;Jnfhz;Nl ,Uf;fpwJ.
kdpju;fisAk; ehLfisAk; fhyq;fisAk; ,izf;fpwJ.
fhyj;jhy; ,lj;jhy; nkhopahy; gpupf;fg;gl;l kdpj ,dj;ij ,izf;fpwJ.
nkhopg;ngau;g;ghy; Gjpa Gjpa ,yf;fpaq;fs; Njhd;Wfpd;wd.
gpwnkhop E}y;fs; jkpo;nkhopapy; nkhopngau;f;fg;gLfpd;wd.
jkpo;E}y;fs; gpw nkhopfspy; nkhopngau;f;fg;gLfpd;wd.
Gjpa nrhw;fs; cUthfp nkhop tsu;r;rp milfpwJ.
gpw ,dj;jtupd; gz;ghL> ehfupfk;> gof;ftof;fk; mwpaKbfpwJ.
cyfg; Gfo;ngw;w mwptpay; fz;Lgpbg;GfisAk; ,yf;fpa gilg;GfisAk; mwpa
KbfpwJ.
,ay; -5
Gjpa ek;gpf;if
Kd;Diu
nghUSiu
KbTiu
Kd;Diu
fy;tp vd;why; vd;dntd;Nw njupahj Xu; ,Uz;l r%fj;jpy; gpwe;jts; jhd; Nkup.
mts; fy;tp fw;wNjhL mtSila r%fj;ijNa cau;j;j Xu; Kd;Djhuzkhf
,Ue;jhs; vd;gij tpsf;FtJ jhd; “cdf;Fg; gbf;fj; njupahj” vd;w E}yhFk; mijg;
gw;wp ,f;fLiuapy; fhz;Nghk;.
nghUSiu
Nkupapd; FLk;gj;jpdu; midtUk; gUj;jpf;fhl;by; Ntiy nra;fpwhu;fs;. mtu;fs;
xU epkplj;ijf; $l tpzhf;fptplf; $lhJ vd epidf;Fk; FLk;gk; mJ. Nkup gUj;jpr;
nrbapy; tUfpd;w Kjy; nkhl;ilj; jhNd Kjypy; ghu;f;fNtz;Lk; vd;W tpUk;Gths;.
khiy Neuj;jpy; midtUk; xd;whfr; Nru;e;J ghLtJk;> gpuhu;j;jid nra;tJk;
mtSf;F kpfTk; gpbf;Fk;.
Nkup xUehs; jd; mk;khTld;> xU nts;isf;fhuu; tPl;bw;Fr; nry;fpwhs;. mq;F
cs;s rpWkpfSld; tpisahLfpwhs;. mg;nghOJ mq;F xU Nkirapd; kPJ xU
Gj;jfk; ,Ue;jJ. mij vLj;Jg; Gul;bdhs;. ,ijg; ghu;j;jr; rpWkp “eP mij
njhlf;$lhJ” > “cdf;Fg; gbf;fj; njupahJ” vd;W Nkupapd; kdk; tUe;Jk;gb $wp
Gj;jfj;ijg; gpbq;fpdhs;. ,e;epfo;T Nkhpapd; kdjpy; Mokhfg; gjpe;J tpl;lJ.
Nkup me;j ehs; KOtJk; “ehd; gbf;f Ntz;Lk;” “ehd; thrpf;f fw;Wf;nfhs;s
Ntz;Lk;” vd;W jdf;Fs; $wpf;nfhz;Nl ,Ue;jhs;. jhd; gs;spf;Fr; nry;y tpUk;Gtij
jd; je;ijaplk; $wpdhs;. Mdhy; mtNuh ekf;nfd gbg;gjw;Fg; gs;spf;$lNk
fpilahJ vd;W $wpdhu;.
Nkupf;Ff; gbg;gpd; kPJ ,Ue;j Mu;tk; mtSf;F gbf;Fk; tha;g;ig nfhLj;jJ.
xU ehs; kp]; tpy;rd; Nkupf;F gbf;f cjtp nra;tjhff; $wpdhu;. FLk;gj;jpypUe;J
Kjy; ngz; gbf;fg; Nghfpwhs;. jhd; gbf;fg; NghfpNwhk; vd;gij epidj;j mtSf;F
Gjpa ek;gpf;if gpwe;jJ.
gs;spf; $lj;jpy; rpy tUlq;fs; Xb kiwe;jd. me;j tUlj;jpd; filrpapy;
Nkupf;Fg; gl;lkspg;G tpoh ele;jJ. NkYk; Nkupapd; cau;fy;tpf;F xU nts;isf;fhu
ngz;kzp cjtp nra;tjhf kp];tpy;rd;; $wpdhu;. NkupAk; lTDf;Fg; Nghf jhahuhdhs;.
Cu;kf;fs; midtUk; Nkupia kfpo;r;rpahf topaDg;gpdu;.
KbTiu
kdjpy; Mu;tKk; tplhKaw;rpAk; ,Ue;jhy; vijAk; rhjpf;fyhk; vd;gjw;F
Nkupapd; fij xU rpwe;j rhd;whFk;. ,tsJ tho;f;ifia mwptJ fy;tp tuyhw;iw
mwptJ MFk;. ,g;nghOJ Nkupahy; gbf;fTk; vOjTk; fzf;Fg;ghu;f;fTk; KbAk;. ,dp
ahUk; ,tis ghu;j;J cdf;Fg; gbf;fj; njupahJ vd;W $w KbahJ.