Form 2 Chemistry Mid Term Exam 2025
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MutaiForm 2 Chemistry Mid Term Exam 2025
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Powered by AIDuring the fractional distillation of air, nitrogen is the component collected at around -186°C .
Apart from cost considerations, aluminium is preferred over magnesium for electric cables because it is less reactive and forms a protective oxide layer that prevents further oxidation. Additionally, aluminium has a lower density, making it lighter .
Carbon dioxide and water are removed before air liquefaction because they could solidify at low temperatures and block pipes or freeze into the liquid air, thus disrupting the purification and separation process. Their removal ensures a smooth fractional distillation process .
Aluminium and magnesium are good conductors of electricity because they have free electrons in their structure. These delocalized electrons act as charge carriers, allowing electric current to pass through the metal .
In the formation of magnesium oxide, Mg gives up two electrons to achieve a stable 2+ charge, while oxygen accepts two electrons to complete its valence shell, achieving a 2- charge. This electron transfer results in Mg²⁺ and O²⁻ ions. A dot and cross diagram would show magnesium's electrons being transferred to fill oxygen's outer shell .
Element W with atomic number 13 is aluminium. The most stable ion of aluminium is Al³⁺ with an electronic configuration of 1s² 2s² 2p⁶. The formula of the oxide of aluminium is Al₂O₃, as aluminium forms an oxide in a 2:3 ratio with oxygen due to its +3 oxidation state .
Zinc oxide is not used to investigate the properties of hydrogen gas because hydrogen does not reduce zinc oxide effectively under normal conditions. The reactivity series illustrates that a chemical reaction between zinc oxide and hydrogen would typically require higher temperatures not convenient in standard experiments .
The relative atomic mass of an element with multiple isotopes can be determined by calculating the weighted average of its isotopic masses, taking into account the percentage abundance of each isotope. For element Q with isotopes of mass 28, 29, and 30 and abundances of 92.2%, 4.7%, and 3.1% respectively, the relative atomic mass is (28 x 0.922) + (29 x 0.047) + (30 x 0.031) = 28.11 .
The reactivity of elements can often be correlated with their atomic and ionic sizes. Generally, smaller atomic or ionic radius implies higher ionization energies, often leading to lower reactivity in metals. In non-metals, the smaller radius can increase reactivity due to higher electronegativity. In the given context, element 'X' might be more reactive if it combines a reasonably small atomic radius with effective ionic formation for interaction .
Across Period 3 from left to right, the atomic radius decreases. This is because additional electrons are added to the same outer shell while the nuclear charge (protons) increases, pulling the electron cloud closer to the nucleus and resulting in a smaller atomic size .