Chapter 6 – Sequence and Series
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Arithmetic Progression
• A sequence of numbers in which difference between 2 consecutive terms is the same is
known as Arithmetic Progression.
• The first term of an AP is denoted by the letter 𝑎.
• The difference between two consecutive terms being the same is known as common
difference and is denoted by the letter 𝑑.
Exercise 6A – Question 7
The value of x such that 8x + 4, 6x – 2, 2x + 7 will form an AP is:
(a) 15 (b) 2 (c) 15/2 (d) None
Solution (c)
Exercise 6C – Question 9
If the terms 2x, (x + 10) and (3x + 2) be in A.P., the value of x is:
(a) 7 (b) 10 (c) 6 (d) None
Solution (c)
nth Term of an AP
tn = a + ( n − 1) d
Here,
• a is the first term
• n is the term which is required to be found out
• d is the common difference
Page 6.4 – Example 1
Find the 7th term of the A.P. 8, 5, 2, –1, –4, …
(a) 7 (b) –10 (c) 6 (d) None
Solution (b)
Exercise 6A – Question 11
The 20th term of the progression 1, 4, 7, 10, … is:
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(a) 58 (b) 52 (c) 50 (d) None
Solution (a)
Exercise 6A – Question 12
The last term of the series 5, 7, 9, … to 21 terms is:
(a) 44 (b) 43 (c) 45 (d) None
Solution (c)
Exercise 6A – Question 13
The last term of the A.P. 0.6, 1.2, 1.8, … to 13 terms is:
(a) 8.7 (b) 7.8 (c) 7.7 (d) None
Solution (b)
Exercise 6A – Question 6
Which term of the progression –1, –3, –5, … is –39?
(a) 21st (b) 20th (c) 19th (d) None
Solution (b)
Page 6.4 – Example 2
3 4 5 17
Which term of the AP , , , … is ?
7 7 7 7
(a) 15th (b) 20th (c) 19th (d) None
Solution (a)
Exercise 6A – Question 18
The number of numbers between 74 and 25,556 divisible by 5 is:
(a) 5090 (b) 5097 (c) 5095 (d) None
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Solution (b)
Exercise 6A – Question 1
The nth element of the sequence 1, 3, 5, 7, … is:
(a) n (b) 2n – 1 (c) 2n + 1 (d) None
Solution (b)
Exercise 6A – Question 2
The nth element of the sequence –1, 2, –4, 8, … is:
(a) ( −1) 2n−1
n
(b) 2 n−1 (c) 2 n (d) None
Solution (a)
Exercise 6A – Question 5
The first three terms of sequence when nth term tn is n2 – 2n are:
(a) –1, 0, 3 (b) 1, 0, 2 (c) –1, 0, –3 (d) None
Solution (a)
Arithmetic Mean
• Arithmetic Mean is the simple average of two terms.
• When three terms are in AP, the middle term is the Arithmetic Mean of the other two
terms.
Page 6.5 – Example 5
Find the arithmetic mean between 4 and 10.
(a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 7 (d) None
Solution (c)
Exercise 6A – Question 20
The arithmetic mean between 33 and 77 is:
(a) 50 (b) 45 (c) 55 (d) None
Solution (c)
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Exercise 6A – Question 15
The two arithmetic means between –6 and 14 is:
1 1
(a) 2/3, 1/3 (b) 2/3, 7 (c) −2 / 3 , −7 (d) None
3 3
Solution (b)
Page 6.5 – Example 6
Insert 4 arithmetic means between 4 and 324.
(a) 68, 132, 196, 340 (b) 68, 132, 196, 260
(c) 32, 132, 196, 260 (d) None
Solution (b)
Exercise 6A – Question 21
The 4 arithmetic means between –2 and 23 are
(a) 3, 13, 8, 18 (b) 18, 3, 8, 13 (c) 3, 8, 13, 18 (d) None
Solution (c)
Page 6.5 – Example 4
Divide 69 into three parts which are in A.P. and are such that the product of the first two parts
is 483.
(a) 22, 24, 26 (b) 21, 23, 25 (c) 27, 29, 31 (d) None
Solution (b)
Sum of First n terms of an AP
• Sum of first n terms of an AP is given by: Sn =
n
2
2a + ( n − 1) d
• Sum of first n terms of an AP when the first and last term is known is given by
n
Sn = ( a + l )
2
• When the first term (a), the last term (l), and the common difference (d) is known, the
l −a
number of terms (n) is given by n = +1
d
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Exercise 6A – Question 14
The sum of the series 9, 5, 1, … to 100 terms is:
(a) –18,900 (b) 18,900 (c) 19,900 (d) None
Solution (a)
Exercise 6A – Question 25
The sum of the series 3½ + 7 + 10½ + 14 + … to 17 terms is:
(a) 530 (b) 535 (c) 535½ (d) None
Solution (c)
Exercise 6C – Question 22
The sum of all odd numbers between 200 and 300 is:
(a) 11,600 (b) 12,490 (c) 12,500 (d) 24,750
Solution (c)
Exercise 6C – Question 23
The sum of all natural numbers between 500 and 1000 which are divisible by 13, is:
(a) 28,405 (b) 24,805 (c) 28,540 (d) None
Solution (a)
Exercise 6C – Question 26
The sum of all natural numbers from 100 to 300 which are exactly divisible by 4 and 5 is:
(a) 2,200 (b) 2,000 (c) 2,220 (d) None
Solution (a)
Exercise 6C – Question 25
The sum of all natural numbers from 100 to 300 which are exactly divisible by 4 or 5 is:
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(a) 10,200 (b) 15,200 (c) 16,200 (d) None
Solution (c)
Page 6.15 – Illustration I
A person is employed in a company at ₹3,000 per month and he would get an increase of ₹100
per year. Find the total amount which he receives in 25 years and the monthly salary in the last
year.
(a) ₹14,60,000 (b) ₹13,60,000 (c) ₹12,60,000 (d) None
Solution (c)
Exercise 6C – Question 14
A sum of ₹6240 is paid off in 30 instalments such that each instalment is ₹10 more than the
preceding installment. The value of the 1st instalment is:
(a) ₹36 (b) ₹30 (c) ₹60 (d) None
Solution (d)
Exercise 6C – Question 28
A person saved ₹16,500 in ten years. In each year after the first year, he saved ₹100 more than
he did in the preceding year. The amount of money he saved in the 1st year was:
(a) ₹1,000 (b) ₹1,500 (c) ₹1,200 (d) None
Solution (c)
Exercise 6A – Question 23
The sum of a certain number of terms of an AP series –8, –6, –4, … is 52. The number of terms
is:
(a) 12 (b) 13 (c) 11 (d) None
Solution (b)
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Exercise 6A – Question 24
The first and the last term of an AP are –4 and 146. The sum of the terms is 7171. The number
of terms is:
(a) 101 (b) 100 (c) 99 (d) None
Solution (a)
Exercise 6A – Question 9
2 1
The number of terms of the series 10 + 9 + 9 + 9 + ... will amount to 155 is:
3 3
(a) 30 (b) 31 (c) 32 (d) Both (a) and (b)
Solution (d)
Exercise 6C – Question 27
A person pays ₹975 by monthly instalment each less than the former by ₹5. The first instalment
is ₹100. The time by which the entire amount will be paid is:
(a) 10 months (b) 15 months (c) 14 months (d) None
Solution (b)
Exercise 6A – Question 10
The nth term of the series whose sum to n terms is 5n2 + 2n is:
(a) 3n – 10 (b) 10n – 2 (c) 10n – 3 (d) None
Solution (c)
Exercise 6A – Question 17
The sum of n terms of an AP is 3n2 + 5n. The series is:
(a) 8, 14, 20, 26 (b) 8, 22, 42, 68
(c) 22, 68, 114, … (d) None
Solution (a)
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Exercise 6A – Question 19
The pth term of an AP is (3p – 1)/6. The sum of the first n terms of the AP is:
(a) n ( 3n + 1) (b) n ( 3n + 1) /12 (c) n /12 ( 3n − 1) (d) None
Solution (b)
Page 6.4 – Example 3
If 5th and 12th terms of an AP are 14 and 35 respectively, find the AP.
(a) 2, 5, 8, 11 (b) 2, 5, 8, 9 (c) 2, 5, 9, 13 (d) None
Solution (a)
Exercise 6A – Question 3
7
i=4
2i − 1 can be written as:
(a) 7 + 9 + 11 + 13
(b) 2 7 + 2 9 + 2 11 + 2 13
(c) 2 7 + 2 9 + 2 11 + 2 13
(d) None
Solution (a)
Exercise 6A – Question 4
The sum to ∞ of the series –5, 25, –125, 625, … can be written as:
( −5 ) 5k −5
k k
(a) (b) (c) (d) None
k =1 k =1 k =1
Solution (a)
Exercise 6A – Question 8
The mth term of an AP is n and the nth term is m. The rth term of it is:
(a) m + n + r (b) n + m − 2r (c) m + n + r / 2 (d) m + n − r
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Solution (d)
Exercise 6A – Question 16
The sum of three integers in AP is 15 and their product is 80. The integers are:
(a) 2, 8, 5 (b) 2, 5, 8 (c) 8, 5, 2 (d) Both (b) and (c)
Solution (d)
Exercise 6A – Question 22
The first term of an A.P is 14 and the sums of the first five terms and the first ten terms are
equal in magnitude but opposite in sign. The 3rd term of the AP is:
4
(a) 6 (b) 6 (c) 4/11 (d) None
11
Solution (a)
Exercise 6C – Question 24
If unity is added to the sum of any number of terms of the A.P. 3, 5, 7, 9, … the resulting sum
is:
(a) a perfect cube (b) a perfect square
(c) a number (d) None
Solution (b)
Geometric Progression
A series in which the ratio of the two consecutive terms is same is known as Geometric
Progression.
Page 6.13 – Example 6
Find three numbers in G.P. whose sum is 19 and product is 216.
(a) 9, 6, 4 (b) 4, 6, 9 (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None
Solution (c)
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Exercise 6B – Question 11
The second term of a G P is 24 and the fifth term is 81. The series is:
(a) 16, 36, 24, 54, … (b) 24, 36, 53, …
(c) 16, 24, 36, 54, … (d) None
Solution (c)
Exercise 6B – Question 12
The sum of 3 numbers of a G P is 39 and their product is 729. The numbers are:
(a) 3, 27, 9 (b) 9, 3, 27 (c) 3, 9, 27 (d) None
Solution (c)
Exercise 6B – Question 19
The product of 3 numbers in G P is 729 and the sum of squares is 819. The numbers are:
(a) 9, 3, 27 (b) 27, 3, 9 (c) 3, 9, 27 (d) None
Solution (c)
nth Term of a GP
tn = ar n−1
Here,
• a is the first term
• n is the term which is required to be found out
• r is the common ratio
Exercise 6B – Question 1
The 7th term of the series 6, 12, 24, … is:
(a) 384 (b) 834 (c) 438 (d) None
Solution (a)
Exercise 6B – Question 2
t8 of the series 6, 12, 24, … is:
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(a) 786 (b) 768 (c) 867 (d) None
Solution (b)
Exercise 6B – Question 3
t12 of the series –128, 64, –32, … is:
(a) –1/16 (b) 16 (c) 1/16 (d) None
Solution (c)
Exercise 6B – Question 4
The 4th term of the series 0.04, 0.2, 1, … is:
(a) 0.5 (b) ½ (c) 5 (d) None
Solution (c)
Exercise 6B – Question 5
The last term of the series 1, 2, 4, … to 10 terms is:
(a) 512 (b) 256 (c) 1024 (d) None
Solution (a)
Exercise 6B – Question 6
The last term of the series 1, –3, 9, –27 up to 7 terms is:
(a) 297 (b) 729 (c) 927 (d) None
Solution (b)
Exercise 6B – Question 7
The last term of the series x2, x, 1, …. to 31 terms is:
(a) x28 (b) 1/x (c) 1/x28 (d) None
Solution (c)
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Page 6.10 – Example 2
Which term of the progression 1, 2, 4, 8, … is 256?
(a) 9th (b) 10th (c) 11th (d) None
Solution (a)
Geometric Mean
• When we have three terms in Geometric Progression, the middle term is known as the
Geometric Mean.
• Geometric Mean is also calculated as the nth root of the product of n numbers.
Page 6.10 – Example 1
Insert 3 geometric means between 1/9 and 9.
(a) 1/3, 1, 3 (b) 1/9, 1, 9 (c) ¼, 1, 4 (d) None
Solution (a)
Exercise 6B – Question 24
Four geometric means between 4 and 972 are:
(a) 12, 36, 108, 324 (b) 12, 24, 108, 320
(c) 10, 36, 108, 320 (d) None
Solution (a)
Sum of First n Terms of a GP
r n −1
• When r > 1, Sn = a
r −1
1− rn
• When r < 1, Sn = a
1− r
• When r = 1, it becomes an AP with d = 0
Page 6.12 – Example 1
Find the sum of 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + … to 8 terms.
(a) 435 (b) 345 (c) 255 (d) None
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Solution (c)
Exercise 6B – Question 8
The sum of the series –2, 6, –18, …. to 7 terms is:
(a) –1094 (b) 1094 (c) –1049 (d) None
Solution (a)
Exercise 6B – Question 9
The sum of the series 243, 81, 27, …. to 8 terms is:
13 1
(a) 36 (b) 36 (c) 36 (d) None
30 9
Solution (d)
Exercise 6B – Question 10
1 3
The sum of the series +1+ + ... to 18 terms is:
3 3
(a) 9841
(1 + 3 ) (b) 9841 (c)
9841
(d) None
3 3
Solution (a)
Exercise 6B – Question 14
If you save 1 paise today, 2 paise the next day 4 paise the succeeding day and so on, then your
total savings in two weeks will be:
(a) ₹163 (b) ₹183 (c) ₹163.83 (d) None
Solution (c)
Exercise 6B – Question 20
The sum of the series 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + … to n terms is:
(a) 2n – 1 (b) 2n – 1 (c) 1/2n – 1 (d) None
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Solution (a)
Exercise 6B – Question 18
Sum of the series 1 + 3 + 9 + 27 +….is 364. The number of terms is:
(a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 11 (d) None
Solution (b)
Exercise 6B – Question 23
The number of terms to be taken so that 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + will be 8191 is:
(a) 10 (b) 13 (c) 12 (d) None
Solution (b)
Sum to Infinite Series of GP
• When r 1 , Sn =
a
• When r 1 , S n =
1− r
Exercise 6B – Question 21
The sum of the infinite GP 14, – 2, + 2/7, – 2/49, + … is:
1 1
(a) 4 (b) 12 (c) 12 (d) None
12 4
Solution (b)
Exercise 6B – Question 22
The sum of the infinite G. P. 1 – 1/3 + 1/9 – 1/27 + … is:
(a) 0.33 (b) 0.57 (c) 0.75 (d) None
Solution (c)
Exercise 6C – Question 18
The nth term of the series 16, 8, 4, … is 1/217. The value of n is:
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(a) 20 (b) 21 (c) 22 (d) None
Solution (c)
Exercise 6C – Question 2
The sum of 1 + 1/3 + 1/32 + 1/33 + … + 1/3n–1 is:
(a) 2/3 (b) 3/2 (c) 4/5 (d) None
Solution (d)
Exercise 6C – Question 15
The sum of 1.03 + (1.03)2 + (1.03)3 + … to n terms is:
(a) 103 (1.03) − 1
n
(b) 103 / 3 (1.03) − 1
n
(c) (1.03) − 1
n
(d) None
Solution (b)
Exercise 6C – Question 3
The sum of the infinite series 1 + 2/3 + 4/9 + … is:
(a) 1/3 (b) 3 (c) 2/3 (d) None
Solution (b)
Page 6.11 – Example 2
Find the G.P where 4th term is 8 and 8th term is 128/625:
(a) 125, 50, 20, … (b) –125, 50, –20
(c) 120, 60, 30, … (d) Both (a) and (b)
Solution (d)
Exercise 6C – Question 21
If x, y, and z are in GP, then:
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(a) y 2 = xz (b) y ( z 2 + x 2 ) = x ( z 2 + y 2 )
(c) 2y = x + z (d) None
Solution (a)
Exercise 6B – Question 13
In a G.P., the product of the first three terms 27/8. The middle term is:
(a) 3/2 (b) 2/3 (c) 2/5 (d) None
Solution (a)
Exercise 6B – Question 17
The sum of the first 20 terms of a G.P. is 244 times the sum of its first 10 terms. The common
ratio is:
(a) 3 (b) 3 (c) 3 (d) None
Solution (a)
Exercise 6C – Question 4
The sum of the first two terms of a G.P. is 5/3 and the sum to infinity of the series is 3. The
common ratio is:
(a) 1/3 (b) 2/3 (c) –2/3 (d) Both (b) and (c)
Solution (d)
Exercise 6C – Question 19
The sum of n terms of a G.P. whose first term is 1 and the common ratio is 1/2, is equal to
127
1 . The value of n is:
128
(a) 7 (b) 8 (c) 6 (d) None
Solution (b)
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Exercise 6C – Question 20
If t4 of a GP is x, t10 = y , and t16 = z , then,
(a) x2 = yz (b) z 2 = xy (c) y 2 = zx (d) None
Solution (c)
Exercise 6C – Question 1
Three numbers are in AP and their sum is 21. If 1, 5, 15 are added to them respectively, they
form a G. P. The numbers are:
(a) 5, 7, 9 (b) 9, 5, 7 (c) 7, 5, 9 (d) None
Solution (a)
Exercise 6C – Question 5
If p, q and r, are in A.P. and x, y, z are in G.P., then xq−r . y r − p .z p−q is equal to:
(a) 0 (b) –1 (c) 1 (d) None
Solution (c)
Exercise 6C – Question 6
The sum of three numbers in G.P. is 70. If the two extremes be multiplied each by 4 and the
mean by 5, the products are in AP. The numbers are:
(a) 12, 18, 40 (b) 10, 20, 40
(c) 40, 20, 10 (d) Both (b) and (c)
Solution (d)
Exercise 6C – Question 7
The sum of 3 numbers in A.P. is 15. If 1, 4 and 19 be added to them respectively, the results
are in G. P. The numbers are:
(a) 26, 5, –16 (b) 2, 5, 8 (c) 5, 8, 2 (d) Both (a) and (b)
Solution (d)
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Exercise 6C – Question 8
Given x, y, and z are in GP and x p = y q = z , then 1/ p , 1/ q , 1/ are in:
(a) AP (b) GP (c) Both (d) None
Solution (a)
Exercise 6C – Question 10
If A be the A.M. of two positive unequal quantities x and y and G be their G.M., then:
(a) A < G (b) A > G (c) A ≥ G (d) A ≤ G
Solution (b)
Exercise 6C – Question 11
The A.M. of two positive numbers is 40 and their G. M. is 24. The numbers are:
(a) (72, 8) (b) (70, 10) (c) (60, 20) (d) None
Solution (a)
Exercise 6C – Question 12
Three numbers are in A.P. and their sum is 15. If 8, 6, 4 be added to them respectively, the
numbers are in G.P. The numbers are:
(a) 2, 6, 7 (b) 4, 6, 5 (c) 3, 5, 7 (d) None
Solution (c)
Exercise 6C – Question 13
The sum of four numbers in G. P. is 60 and the A.M. of the first and the last is 18. The numbers
are:
(a) 4, 8, 16, 32 (b) 4, 16, 8, 32 (c) 16, 8, 4, 20 (d) None
Solution (a)
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Exercise 6C – Question 16
If x, y, z, are in A.P. and x, y, (z + 1) are in G.P., then:
(a) ( x − z ) = 4 x (b) z 2 = x − y (c) z = x − y
2
(d) None
Solution (a)
Exercise 6C – Question 17
The numbers x, 8, y are in G.P. and the numbers x, y, –8 are in A.P. The value of x and y are:
(a) (–8, –8) (b) (16, 4) (c) (8, 8) (d) Both (a) and (b)
Solution (d)
Special Series
Following are some of the Standard Results:
n ( n + 1)
1. Sum of first n natural or counting numbers (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + ... + n ) =
2
2. Sum of first n odd numbers 1 + 3 + 5 + ... + ( 2n − 1) = n 2
3. Sum of the Squares of first n natural numbers
(12 + 22 + 32 + 42 + ... + n2 ) = ( )(6
n n + 1 2n + 1)
n ( n + 1)
2
4. Sum of the Cubes of first n natural numbers (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + ... + n ) =
3 3 3 3 3
2
5. Sum of the series such as: 1 + 11 + 111 + … to n terms, or 2 + 22 + 222 + … to n terms,
Number 10 (10 − 1)
n
or 3 + 33 + 333 + … to n terms, and so on: − n . For example:
9 9
1 10 (10 − 1)
n
a. 1 + 11 + 111 + … to n terms = − n
9 9
2 10 (10 − 1)
n
b. 2 + 22 + 222 + … to n terms = − n
9 9
3 10 (10 − 1)
n
c. 3 + 33 + 333 + … to n terms = − n
9 9
1 1 − ( 0.1)
n
6. Sum of the series 0.1 + 0.11 + 0.111 + … to n terms = n − .
9 9
Example: Calculate the sum of 0.7 + 0.77 + 0.777 + … to n terms.
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Solution:
0.7 + 0.77 + 0.777 + … to n terms = 7 × (0.1 + 0.11 + 0.111 + … to n terms)
7 1 − ( 0.1)
n
Therefore, 0.7 + 0.77 + 0.777 + … to n terms = n −
9 9
2 1 − ( 0.1)
n
Similarly, sum of series 0.2 + 0.22 + 0.222 + … to n terms = n −
9 9
4 1 − ( 0.1)
n
Sum of series 0.4 + 0.44 + 0.444 + … to n terms = n − .
9 9
Page 6.12 – Example 2
Find the sum to n terms of 6 + 27 + 128 + 629 + …
n ( n + 1)
(a) 5 ( 5n − 1) + n ( n + 1)
5
(b) ( 5n − 1) +
4 2
n ( n + 1)
(c) 5 ( 5n − 1) + (d) None
2
Solution (b)
Page 6.12 – Example 3
Find the sum to n terms of the series 3 + 33 + 333 + 3333 + …
(10n +1 − 9n − 10 ) (10n +1 − 9n + 10 )
1 1
(a) (b)
27 27
(10n +1 + 9n + 10 )
1
(c) (d) None
27
Solution (a)
Exercise 6B – Question 15
Sum of n terms of the series 4 + 44 + 444 + 4444 + …
(a) 4 / 9 10 / 9 (10n − 1) − n (b) 10 / 9 (10n − 1) − n
(c) 4 / 9 (10n − 1) − n (d) None
Solution (a)
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Page 6.12 – Example 4
Find the sum to n terms of the series 0.7 + 0.77 + 0.777 + 0.7777 + …
9n − 1 − 10− n 9n − 1 + 10n
7 7
(a) (b)
81 81
9n − 1 + 10− n
7
(c) (d) None
81
Solution
(c)
Exercise 6B – Question 16
Sum to n terms of the series 0.1 + 0.11 + 0.111 + 0.1111 + … is
(
(a) 1/ 9 n − 1 − ( 0.1)
n
) (
(b) 1/ 9 n − 1 − ( 0.1) / 9
n
)
(c) n − 1 − ( 0.1) / 9
n
(d) None
Solution (b)
Page 6.13 – Example 5
Evaluate 0.2175 using the sum of an infinite geometric series.
357 358 359
(a) (b) (c) (d) None
1650 1650 1650
Solution (c)
Page 6.16 – Illustration II
A person borrows ₹8,000 at 2.76% Simple Interest per annum. The principal and the interest
are to be paid in the 10 monthly instalments. If each instalment is double the preceding one,
find the value of the first and the last instalment.
(a) 8; 4,095 (b) 2; 4,096 (c) 8; 4,096 (d) None
Solution (c)
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Exercise 6C – Question 29
At 10% C.I. p.a., a sum of money accumulates to ₹9,625 in 5 years. The sum invested initially
is:
(a) ₹5,976.37 (b) ₹5,970 (c) ₹5,975 (d) None
Solution (a)
Exercise 6C – Question 30
The population of a country was 55 crores in 2005 and is growing at 2% p.a. C.I. The population
in the year 2015 is estimated as:
(a) 5,705 (b) 6,005 (c) 6,700 (d) None
Solution (d)
CA NISHANT KUMAR 23