B1 Chapter 9: Ecosystems Question •

Progre ss • Succe
ed

Knowledge organiser

Food chains and webs Disruption to food Parts of a flower

• Food chains show the direction in which energy flows when one organism eats
chains Stamen petal Carpel
another • Interdependence is the way in Male part of the flower
stamen stigma
anther carpel Female part of the flower
• The direction of the arrows represent the direction in which the energy flows which living organisms rely on • The anther produces
filament style
ovary
• The stigma is sticky to
• Food webs show how a number of different food chains are connected each other to survive pollen catch grains of pollen
• A food chain will be disrupted if • The filament holds up • The style holds up the
Food chain Food web one of the organisms die out the anther stigma
herbivore – type of consumer apex predator – last
• If the producer dies out the rest • The ovary contains
that eats the producer link in a food chain
lion of the food chain will also die ovules
out unless they have a different ovule
sepal

cheetah leopard food source

giraffe • If the consumer population die
zebra
cactus insect lizard hawk
impala out the number of organisms
producer – green carnivore – type of which they eat will increase Pollination and fertilisation
plant/algae that consumer that eats unless they are eaten by
makes its own food other animals Pollination is the fertilisation of the ovule, the point at which the pollen is
acacia tree grass another organism
transferred to the ovule from the anther to the stigma, there are two types of
• Bioaccumulation is the
• Producers are the organisms which start the food chain, they convert energy from pollination
process by which chemicals
the Sun, making their own food, these are often plants • Cross pollination is between two different types of plant
such as pesticides and
• Prey are organisms which are eaten by other organisms insecticides build up along a • Self pollination happens within the same plant
• Predators are the organisms which eat the prey food chain

stigma pollen grain

style
Ecosystems Competition ovule
nucleus
• All of the organisms which live • Competition is the process in which organisms compete with one another for resources
in one area are known as a ovule
• Animals compete for food, water, space and mates
population • Plants compete for light, water, space and minerals
• An ecosystem is all of the
• The best competitors are those who have adapted in order to best gain these resources ovary
organisms which are found in a
• As the number of a predator in a population increases the number of the prey will
particular location and the area in
decrease as more are being eaten
which they live in, both the living
• As the number of the 140 000
and non-living features Key
predator decreases the 120 000 snowshoe hare The tube grows out of The pollen nucleus moves The pollen nucleus joins with
• A community are all of the areas
number of animals

number of the prey will 100 000 Canadian lynx the pollen grain and down down the tube. the ovule nucleus. Fertilisation takes
in an ecosystem, the area in which through the style. place and a seed will form.
increase as less are being 80 000
the organisms live in is known as
eaten Germination is the process in which the seed begins to grow, for this to occur
the habitat 60 000
• The relationship between the seed needs:
• A niche is the specific role in 40 000
the predator and the prey • Water to allow the seed to swell and grow and for the embryo tostart growing
which an organism has within an 20 000
is known as a predator- • Oxygen for that the cell can start respiring to release energy forgermination
ecosystem, for example a panda’s 0
prey relationship 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 • Warmth to allow the chemical reactions to start to occur within the seed
diet consists of 99 % bamboo
time (years)

Key terms Make sure you can write definitions for these key terms.

anther bioaccumulation carpel community competition consumer ecosystem fertilisation food chain food web germination habitat interdependence
niche ovary ovule petal predator prey producer pollen pollination population seed sepal stamen stigma style

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