History Notes - World War II
• 1939: Germany invaded Poland → start of WWII.
• Major Alliances:
- Allies: UK, France, USSR (after 1941), USA (after Pearl Harbor), China.
- Axis: Germany, Italy, Japan.
• Key Events:
- 1940: Germany used Blitzkrieg tactics to capture much of Europe quickly.
- 1941: Operation Barbarossa (Germany invaded USSR).
- 1941: Pearl Harbor → USA joined the war.
- 1944: D-Day landings in Normandy (Allies began liberating Western Europe).
- 1945: Fall of Berlin, Germany surrendered in May.
- 1945: Atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki → Japan surrendered.
• Consequences:
- ~70 million deaths worldwide.
- Holocaust: genocide of 6 million Jews + millions of others.
- UN was created to prevent future wars.
- Cold War began between USA and USSR.