PT3 REVISION WORKSHEET

1. How does sprinkling of salt help in clearing the snow-covered roads in hilly areas? Explain the
phenomenon involved in the process.
The phenomenon involved in the melting of snow in snow covered
roads is the depression in freezing point which caused by the
addition of non-volatile impurities to a liquid. Addition 10 of salt
(sodium chloride) lowers the freezing point temperature of water
and thus, helps in the melting of snow.
[Link] is Van’t Hoff factor (i) for a compound undergoing tertramerization in an organic solvent?
(i) i= ¼ = 0.25
3. Arrange the following in the increasing order of freezing point 0.1M Al2(SO4)3, 0.1M KCl, 0.1M
Glucose, 0.1M K2SO4
ii) 0.1M Al2(SO4)3, 0.1M K2SO4, 0.1M KCl, 0.1M Glucose
4. The molar mass of Sodium Chloride determined by elevation of boiling point method is found to
be abnormal. Why?
Elevation of boiling point is a colligative property. Since Sodium chloride dissociates in the solution
we get abnormal molecular mass.
5. What is the elevation of boiling point of a solution of 13.44g of CuCl2 in 1kg of water?
∆Tb = iKbm = 3 x 0.52 x 0.1 = 1.56 K
[Link] solutions of NaCl and BaCl2 are prepared in water. Freezing pint of NaCl is found to be -
20C. What freezing point do you expect for BaCl2 solution?
i for NaCl = 2, i for BaCl2 = 3 ∆Tf NaCl = 2 ∆Tf BaCl2 3 Hence Tf for BaCl2
= -30C
[Link] mole fraction of Ethyl alcohol in its solution with Methyl alcohol is 0.80. The vapour pressure
of pure Ethyl alcohol at this temperature is 40mm of Mercury. What is its vapour pressure in the
solution if the solution is ideal?
PC2H5OH = xC2H5OH x P0C2H5OH = 0.80 x 40mm = 32 mm of
Mercury/2
[Link] do a solution of Phenol and Aniline exhibit negative deviation from ideal behaviour?
The Hydrogen bond formed between Phenolic proton and lone pairs of
electron of Aniline is stronger than the interactions existing in pure Phenol
and in pure Aniline.6.

[Link] pure Ethyl alcohol cannot be obtained from rectified spirit even by fractional distillation? .
Because a mixture of 95.4% alcohol and 4.6% of water forms an
azeotrope..
[Link] two liquids A & B are mixed the volume of the resulting solution is found to be slightly
greater than sum of the volumes of A & B. Identify the type of deviation exhibited by the solution.
Positive deviation.
[Link] 2.56 g of sulphur was dissolved in 100 g of CS2, the freezing point lowered by 0.383 K.
Calculate the formula of sulphur (Sx). (Kf for CS2 = 3.83 K kg mol-1, Atomic mass of Sulphur = 32 g
mol-1)
) Given: wb = 2.56 g wa = 100 g = 0.1 kg
ΔTf = 0.383 K Kf= 3.83 K kg mol-1
Atomic mass of sulphur = 32 g mol-1
Mb = ?

Using formula,

∴ Mb = 256 g mol-1
Hence the no. of atoms present in one molecule of sulphur = 256/32 = 8
∴ the formula is S8.
12. Blood cells are isotonic with 0.9% sodium chloride solution. What happens if we place blood cells
in a solution containing (i) 1.2% sodium chloride solution? (ii) 0.4% sodium chloride solution?
(iii)Define ideal solution?
If RBCs are placed in contact with 1.2% NaCl solution, then the osmotic pressure of
1.2% NaCl becomes higher than that of RBCs due to which water present inside the cells moves
into the NaCl solution which results in shrinkage of RBCs.
(ii) Reverse process will take place if RBCs are kept in contact with 0.4% NaCl solution which
has less osmotic pressure ’ due to which water moves into RBCs and they will swell.
(iii)Ideal solution : The solutions which obey Raoult’s law over the entire range of
concentration are known as ideal solutions.
13)Calculate the freezing point of solution when 1.9 g of MgCl2 (M = 95 g mol-1) was dissolved in 50
g of water, assuming MgCl2 undergoes complete ionization.
14. Out of 1 M glucose and 2 M glucose, which one has a higher boiling point and why?
2M glucose will have a higher boiling point than 1M glucose because elevation in boiling
point is a colligative property which depends upon the number of particles in the solution
which is more in the case of 2M glucose solution.
[Link] happens when the external pressure applied becomes more than the osmotic pressure of
solution?
When the external pressure applied becomes more than the osmotic pressure of the
solution, then the solvent will flow from the solution into the pure solvent through the semi
permeable membrane. The process is called reverse osmosis.
15. 18 g of glucose, C6H12O6 (Molar mass – 180 g mol-1) is dissolved in 1 kg of water in a sauce pan.
At what temperature will this solution boil? (Kb for water = 0.52 K kg mol 1, boiling point of pure
water = 373.15 K)
We know that :
Elevation of boiling point ∆Tb
WBMB×100×Kbwt. of solvent
Given: WB = 18 g
MB = Formula of glucose is C6H12O6
= 6 × 12 + 12 + 6 × 16 = 180
Wt. of solvent = 1 kg or 1000 g,
Kb = 0.52 K kg mol-1
Hence, ∆Tb = 18g180×1000×0.521000g = 0.52 K ∴B.P of the solution = 373.15 + 0.052
=373.202 K
[Link] the following phenomena with the help of Henry’s law. • (i) Painful condition known as
bends. • (ii) Feeling of weakness and discomfort in breathing at high altitude. • (b) Why soda water
bottle kept at room temperature fizzes on opening?
[Link] the mass of compound (molar mass = 256 g mol-1) to be dissolved in 75 g of benzene to
lower its freezing point by 0.48 K (Kf = 5.12 K kg mol-1). (Delhi 2014)
Answer:
Given: ∆Tf =0.48K,W1 =75g,M2 =256gmol-1 W2 =?
Usingformula,W2 = M2×W1×ΔTf1000×Kf
= 256×75×0.481000×5.12 = 1.8 g
18. Why is the mass determined by measuring a colligative property in case of some solutes is
abnormal? Discuss it with the help of the Van’t Hoff factor.
Certain solutes do not behave normally in solution in the sense that they may either undergo
dissociation or association. As a result, the number of solute particles in solution changes.
Since the colligative properties are linked with the number of particles, they show abnormal
results. In the same way, the molecular masses of these solutes also show abnormal results.
The exact behavior of the solute in solution and the extent of association or dissociation can be
expressed in terms of Van’t Hoff factor (i).
i = Normal/ calculated molecular mass/ Observed molecular mass.
or i = Observed colligative properties/ Normal colligative properties.
• If i = 1 , solute behave normally in the solution
• If i > 1 , solute undergo dissociation in solution
• If i < 1 , solute undergo association in solution
19.A solution is prepared by dissolving 10 g of non-volatile solute in 200 g of water. It has a vapour
pressure of 31.84 mm Hg at 308 K. Calculate the molar mass of the solute. (Vapour pressure of pure
water at 308 K = 32 mm Hg) (All India 2015)

[Link] mixing liquid X and liquid Y, volume of the resulting solution decreases. What type of deviation
from Raoult’s law is shown by the resulting solution? What change in temperature would you
observe after mixing liquids X and Y?
Volume decreases by mixing X and Y. It shows negative deviations from Raoult’s law.
There will be rise in temperature. (∆Hmix < 0)
[Link] aqueous solution of sodium chloride freezes below 273 K. Explain the lowering in freezing
points of water with the help of a suitable diagram.
An aqueous solution of sodium chloride freezes below 273 K because vapour pressure g of
the solution is g less than that of the pure solvent.
1. How will the rate of the reaction be affected when (a) Surface area of the reactant is
reduced, (b) Catalyst is added in a reversible reaction, and (c) Temperature of the reaction is
increased ?
(a) Decreases. (b) Increases (c) Increases
2.F or a reaction 2H2O2------------→2H2O+O2 the proposed mechanism is as given below:
(i) H2O2 +I- --------→H2O +IO-(slow) (ii) H2O2+IO- ---------→H2O +I- +O2(fast)
(A)Write rate law for the reaction (B)Write the overall order of reaction (c) Out of steps(1) and
(2),which one is the rate determining step?
(A)Rate=k[H2O][I-]
(B) Overall order of reaction is 2
(c)Step (1) being the slow step is the rate determining step of the reaction.
3. The decomposition of NH3 on platinum surface is zero5 order [Link] rate constant (k)is 4 x 10-
3 Ms-1,how long will it take to reduce the initial concentration of NH3 from 0.1 M to 0.064 M?
M?[CBSE 2019]
For a zero order reaction,
K=1/t ([A]0-[A])
t=1 x (0.1-0.064)/4 x 10-3
=9 s
4.A reaction is of first order in reactant A and of second order in reactant B. How is the rate ofthis
reaction affected when (i) the concentration of B alone is increased to three times (ii) the
concentrations of A as well as B are doubled?.
(i) It is given that a reaction is first order in reactant A and second order in reactant B = k[A][B]2
Where r is the rate of reaction and k is the rate constant of the reaction
When concentration of B alone is increased three times, let the new rate be r1. [1]

Thus, when the concentration of B alone is increased to three times, rate of reaction increases by 9
times
(ii) When concentration of A and B are doubled, let the new rate be r2, [1]
Thus, when the concentration of A and B are doubled, the rate of reaction increases by 8 time+
5. The rate constant for a first order reaction is 60 s-1. How much time will it take to reduce the initial
concentration of the reactant to its l/10th value?
6. For a decomposition reaction the values of rate constant k at two different temperatures are given
below : k1 = 2.15 × 10-8 L mol-1 s-1 at 650 K k2 = 2.39 × 10-7 L mol-1 s-1 at 700 K Calculate the
value of activation energy for this reaction.

=
7. Rate constant k for a first order reaction has been found to be 2.54 × 10-3 sec-1. Calculate its 3/4th
life,

8. The thermal decomposition of HCO2H is a first order reaction with a rate constant of 2.4 × 103 s-1
at a certain temperature. Calcula-te how long will it take for three-fourths of initial quantity of
HCO2H to decompose. (log 0.25 = -0.6021)
9. The rate constant for a reaction of zero order in A is 0.0030 mol L-1 s-1. How long will it take for
the initial concentration of A to fall from 0.10 M to 0.075 M?

10. Define the following : (i) Order of a reaction (ii) Activation energy of a reaction
11. For a reaction R → P, half-life (t1/2) is observed to be independent of the initial concentration of
reactants. What is the order of reaction?
The t1/2 of a first order reaction is independent of initial concentration of
reactants.
12.. Define rate constant (K) Write the unit of rate constant for a zero order reaction.
13. Express the rate of the following reaction in terms of the formation of ammonia : N2(g) + 3H2(g)
→ 2NH3(g)

14. The rate constant for the first order decomposition of a certain reaction is described by the
equation logk (s-1) = 14.34 – 1.25 x 104 K / T i) What is the pre-exponential factor and energy of
activation for this reaction? ii) At what temperature will its half-life period be 256min?
i) From Arrhenius equation, k = Ae –Ea/RT
log k = log A – Ea / 2.303RT -----(1)
logk(s-1) = 14.34 – 1.25 x 104 K / T ---- (2)
Comparing (1) and (2), log A = 14.34, A = Antilog(14.34) = 2.188 x 1014s-1
 Ea / 2.303R = 1.25 x 104
Ea = 1.25 x 104 x 2.303 x 8.314 = 239.34kJ/mol
ii) For first order reaction, t ½ = 0.693/k , k = 0.693/ t ½ = (0.693/256 x 60)s-1
log (0.693/256 x 60) = 14.34 – 1.25 x 104 / T
T = 668.96K