RECTIFIER
DEFINITION
It is an electronic device which converts Bidirectional AC voltage in to
Unidirectional Voltage (i.e) Pulsating DC voltage using one or more PN
junction diode.
TYPES OF RECTIFIER
1. HALF WAVE RECTIFIER
2. FULL WAVE RECTIFIER
a. Centre taped Full wave rectifier
b. Bridge Full wave rectifier
1. HALF WAVE RECTIFIER
It converts AC voltage in to a pulsating DC voltage using only one PN junction
diode.
CONSTRUCTION:
It consists of a single phase step down transformer, PN junction diode and load
resistor.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
WAVEFORM:
INPUT WAVEFORM:
OUTPUT WAVEFORM:
WORKING:
During positive half cycle of AC input the diode D is forward bias and act as
closed switch. The current will flow through the load resistor.
During negative half cycle of AC input the diode D is reverse bias and act as
open switch. The current will not flow through the load resistor.
ADVANTAGES:
It is simple circuit
Easy to design
Low cost
DISADVANTAGES:
Low Efficiency (40.6%)
High ripple factor
Low transformer utilization factor.
PARAMETERS:
Average (or) DC Voltages and Current
RMS Voltage of Voltage and Current
Efficiency
Ripple factor
Peak Inverse Voltage (PIV)
Transformer Utilization Factor (TUF)
Form Factor
Peak factor
2. FULL WAVE RECTIFIER
a. CENTRE TAPED FULL WAVE RECTIFIER
It converts AC voltage in to a pulsating DC voltage by using two PN junction
diodes.
Full wave rectifier conducts during positive and negative half cycles of AC
input signal.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
WAVEFORM:
INPUT WAVEFORM:
OUTPUT WAVEFORM:
WORKING:
During positive half cycle of AC input, Diode 1 is forward bias and it act as
Closed switch and Diode 2 is reverse bias and it act as Open switch then the
current will flow from secondary terminal to diode 1 and load resistor.
During negative half cycle of AC input, Diode 1 is reverse bias and it act as
Open Switch and Diode 2 is Forward bias and it act as Closed Switch then the
current will flow from secondary terminal to diode 2 and load resistor.
ADVANTAGES:
1. Efficiency is higher than half wave rectifier (i.e) 81.2%
2. Low ripple factor
3. Higher Transformer Utilization factor. (0.693)
DISADVANTAGES:
1. Larger in Size
2. Costlier due to centre tapped transformer.
APPLICATIONS
It is used in charger circuits
It is used in Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS)
Inverters
LED TV circuits
PARAMETERS:
Average (or) DC Voltage and Current
RMS Values of Voltage and Current
Efficiency
Ripple factor
Transformer Utilization Factor (TUF)
Peak Inverse Voltage (PIV)
Form Factor
Peak Detector
b. BRIDGE FULL WAVE RECTIFIER
It is a full wave rectifier circuit which consist of four diodes connected in the
form of bridge.
There is no centre tapped transformer is used.
In AC input signal is applied to the diagonally opposite ends of the bridge.
Load is connected between the other two ends of the bridge circuit.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
WAVEFORM:
WORKING:
During positive half cycle of AC input Diode D1 and Diode D3 are forward bias
and acts ac closed switch, at the same time Diode D2 and Diode D4 are reverse
bias and acts as open switch.
The current will flow from Secondary terminal to Diode D1 and load resistor R L
and Diode D3.
During negative half cycle of AC input Diode D4 and Diode D2 is forward bias
and act as closed switch at the same time Diode D1 and Diode D3 are reverse
bias and act as Open switch.
The current will flow from secondary terminal to Diode D4 and load resistor R
and Diode D2.
ADVANTAGES:
There is no centre tapped transformer
Very high Transformer Utilization Factor (0.812)
High efficiency (81.2%)
It can use for high voltage applications
DISADVANTAGE:
It requires four diodes.