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Functional (Assignment)

The document discusses various concepts in functional analysis, including definitions and properties of linear operators, Hilbert spaces, and normed spaces. It covers topics such as normal operators, Hahn-Banach theorem, and the completeness of Hilbert spaces, along with proofs and examples. The content is technical and aimed at readers with a background in advanced mathematics.

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Cricket TalkS
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5 views13 pages

Functional (Assignment)

The document discusses various concepts in functional analysis, including definitions and properties of linear operators, Hilbert spaces, and normed spaces. It covers topics such as normal operators, Hahn-Banach theorem, and the completeness of Hilbert spaces, along with proofs and examples. The content is technical and aimed at readers with a background in advanced mathematics.

Uploaded by

Cricket TalkS
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
cy) (-funcT2onAL ANALYSIS) co ON ny Autos: Define rammed Linear. Space and show Phot every Novae! Area Space & mehic Shace. . Solution i bea Ginean apace oven field F amd MW m:%>—9R Such thet ik Aatisticel following Cond", Ket X% Y EV A) Tie > oO ef xF0 (Non Ney.) 9% JIxXl =o “X=0 8). NAGS ect) + NYl) Cardam. Prop) 4) Wer = fel lel weer. mety'c Space defined tn Nore :¢) C29) = lvl | HT show —that? Evy nev Linean Abace Os muhic pace. ° metic detined ay 4 (uy) = Hx-¥1| 44) dima) = Ia-yl] > 0 3) diay) 20 —® 2 4.2). 4Ouy)= [x-gl] = 0 2) UTYILE OS NY 0 elegy P) diny)= om K=Y —@ 4-3). doug) = [eg 1] ‘ = 1enC#1) Cuante 1) = py y-ane d (do ding): 44x) —— > ® o 1d4) diag) = eg m c ray Uz ae th Ce BT ot “hy , doy < dvr) sd (aa). Fam em OO, O 4@O dH = Ie-yy} wa mehic Space. cul Queea: Define @ Normal operator amd Show hak am operator Ton a Hitbet space H 1g Norma ef and only CF [i rext= [rit wen, [slution: @. NORMAL OPERATOR: det Tbe amy Linear cherator om Jom Tmnen predict Space CV). “Them Tis Saicl to be Nevinal lOeactor i a & Commute oofth dts Adgeint pe [ems et] Proofs & TR a Novena, Lhem [Ta = [Te| fet TI6 Normal xmeH (tx? = Lox, 728 = KINI 1S (txt = £7474, 525 fe Te =TxT FS <1Ta 35 = TAI WT = We 2 prey = Np JT! |T#xy Rep [Tex] = [Tx] At eH then “7 8 Normal? Tel = TK) fraps prey 1,69: co Shee hey Thus te vector a {Oy € L> feries tt Gnv Sn A?_ + State and fro Hahn -Bamach thecvem . om x be a Peal vector spoce amd pq sublinean. fumetiom leshich cLefined om a Subspace 2 em X and satisfies fx) 2 per) Wxez —-?O thom Ff hay Rinear extonsion -f from Z te X Satisfying Fen) Spa) Wx eX 9 ig Ft a Linear functional on x etisiiey @ 97 %- Fis) = FOI KOR . « “mel hot GULOS? tet M bea closeal subspace of Newmed Liraan Abace LX Prove “that progection Wi X-—> x [M1 clefinedl by Wla}e f& a Cmtinuows mabping elution: XM Oe he quotient Bpace set of equivalemee classes K= X-1M — wWhome Tey HF Ye m Nev 15 quetiont gfsace (3 defined by NEY] = inf ttm] mem Now Consicle, Eke fpr: map. TT! X—s X]m, ways & eve have NCP = NY = én [xtwll 2° jyxtel) = III} men so, NICO = Wx Wwe EX, t-thib Cnd® Tl i& Bounced HE means Tr ik Continue © eK. Ney \) 2 xdyo parcon < clay te c=] hence tr: x5 x]m Continucwy Ginear map _ PUL OS: At X be a Normed space over k, SEX' amd F460 At aex with fG@)=4 and 4>0 then (air) 2) = 6 thand only cf tty et. Ati pe tion: dt X be a Navmed Apace ora kK fexl |= subbese U(0,3)N 2(#)= @ thet means -Y—- % © [Link] [ta] < Shere tx) # o- sup. fF) > & det as define Y= A Fey shat 4 tha gta) ~ £2) 2 pepe Odg€ 2CF) we yf Me aL. 4, EX how [1y-a)) = Iyyll U4e)] <= 7 nye Sy Ye Ulan) A 2(F), which 7% Cndradiction. we + Ody fe suppose [f1< on aft (xa) = 1 < IFN Noma] e Le = x . t vite 2. Lt r Mak 9c € U(4t) Ce |x-a} cv. T? Show that f(x) 4 0. Assume -fis)= 0 fe xe 2(F) jttem f(x-a) = - -f(a) = -/ Ceentvadictien) hence 2420) £93 WaxnzG) =e Ular) necs)= 6 By ES. FOE OF! det X be am TASpace and ay Y EX Phove “that x th erthe gene toy PF Ne xr iI- |) ex Ig -¥ per. r jl" dot x be t+ P Space 4 HIEX. © Dflet ty pe KMIS=O = LHXS 2 [P Prevent: yp eary 2» MES + ty) Che Kee H | ! IEXATI[? = < kx+Y, Loch yp = SESALE AST LI aS $y ys / [Nk (EPL AS + heyy te (% 4.2 IEP UX 46 HO +f rgNe FTI = esp a py ded + Lay © QY im RS Tce Ppt aps Ped Hy WV PETE BW Row tnat s orf etd J Weexpyu® = next nye a} andxyss o = ]eJr= oO] Pet” fous 08: Prove-that Hitbert Space (ford) & Complete. sebation ci) Bi Gemplete : Lut Xp be amy Cauchy gequence In fo. a = (OP at, — —&) @ Pa ISince peq: 18 Cauchy -¥ each €20.3 Nes that RiM>V P)_ tim |p 2 WAP |] = ( Spag-nm|ryr ae A o Jor If = Zllag— If < iF ht t= CM Ly %, — — —) ff E> 0 amd = b)m2N- 'm)| 2 ype 211 = Ss [ft - af | ce iy fix R2N & ; n Bl yf nF te] 7° wre for (nl? >? [1 | be a oS, 22 bin Int 3 1% pay each x?) € [nel < Ais gl | fun cet? Hp fe 2 Gompiete —® INNER PRODUCT SPACE? ulxe = 5) In Yn wy ny) Kax4bJ,2) = aLu2> + bLd27 ah ayy = <9 D 3 a [s: i fanen [product space. pation ©) 4@ 9 (is,4) is @ Aillbert Space. > [& an @ “peeerion BPO : JGutoq: vet V be atormed Vector space and WI CU. a frelon closed Subspace . : ; 2H WoL tsa on v]w Jo) Prove that \iva WI] itl ’ Nevm env] Wb) Prove tak -foy amy @>0 4 VEN Such thet vil = st amd V4 alf>y-€ ets ys be a Nowmed Vector Sbace. Ve WOM es a Proper closeel subspace. vt wl] = anf |ive wl] fa vev WELW foster thal” [|= dng fur] da Norm on Ufw. wew ded Norm 16 define It ta] = int | vt wl” 0 positive ident eee It |J[=oes VE WwW . . Hh ve ws vagy. Woo [S| © dof vy vol = am "| Feov JWI@[=o He ero. 3 Wee Wr) |VIWe] ce. LN 1h Closed iy Homogeneity : -for ams Stalar. & , we need. lava}: rerllwe wll Jaw |] = inf [Jav4w] | - WELW 2 tot} Se EY] = aE ot ot wew Ct wor F lel et WII iil) Tram gle Toney : Wy Wot] S [LBA 4 Vat ww) NG WN SNA Es M8241 = |) 624 WH] @ us) y | [Henn oa erTaePay tking Tamu om WrHws eo YI 1 Setting © —>0 So, pis cle}ine Nove om NI [OU & © Yin WV be amy Normed apace V- el na proper clored subsface » by tha Hahn -Bamach Pheaem 2 Bounded Pinear -fimetional -f € ve. ko few) = OW wet. Wy [shad IS veVv with (ols t guch thet -p(u)=t- Hor ony weW. hy ront> [f(viel [fel] 2 She wv vEV SH stying acquiaed| Concliction jaue so: fT ch am opencdor on F°P- rite space tt. then bree Ehok following casement bo ts pivgelar if 0 is the bhechumn of 1 Mled be a pixide Dmr- Hilbert Space even C et TC BCH) ; eveny LO: ib pounded find spectrum behove Pike BEC 5 operator T © OCH) fs Ainguler tt fe Not invertible. the bpeckrusn of T 8 clomote el by a(t). ott) = {aec Tat in not inv} We rum of tabi. ley 2-06 o(T) a Jeot = Th met inv. Hence —T tw gingelan (wo W? MH TB von pingular they E61) $4 eocrt) “Te Ben) ama Tis non -Avigular atte meams ‘Tt fx trvertible . sR 4 ee CT) them Taz ib mod inv. Sit TL tz wR mot inv. a[ti-ay= -a'tt (1-41) TH exists Coy -Assum) =) (T4147) im inv Product of mon: imv: and Inv. operator i mot inv. home TI ATL Not inv fn [te or) | P| dees) amd tect) iit) Pe A 6 Non Singular -tnon o (ATA) = £(T) liven TEBCH), AE BCH) and A is invertible det S= ATAT, g¢ ib Alm. to T S| Nw kt 1 EC 2 afs-da= ATAT-ALD ACt-4rjat a\A amd AT ane imuertible 5 |so can te imventible epg Taran inv. eat) JEaCT) o{atat) =6(T) QuUei4t Let M be a Linear Subsbace of Normec] firean. Space N Fad dat F be 4 -fumctional clefined in Mm them prore-tnes -f Cam extended -to 4 sfumctional p defined om the vihale Broce N ouch “thak: yell =T4lh (re We o fa:PA . Vf A109 Bails gimme N fs a dincan bubspace. f2M— Re) ta Bounded Lincar -Cumetional. Ith sub pape [foo ven TTF According to Hahn~ Bamach sheer om be amy Subspace Of Normod #pace. A. Ket #2 M——R be bownetedl Athearn -fumctioad . 3 fIN——3R Flm= $ amd jens tteHy Such am extension F exist with. Fox) = -fex) ye we mM amd [IF = Isl Que 2: gate and Prove Holders imequabiita.. i ar or by ane mon -ye Peal No. -Hnem fee to taloleas frequalis malty, Sov < [ger (gay =t, baqe) » ae Be be Gaim" an from equation © *[Grye) if @anjme] 2 (Bare ag Pip a 19 tea Koy Summation boty sle , | ( Lier Gury © fs ui es, s Ewer oe (eum (eiy : ‘anh é 1) ‘ (é hit Gshich ts Holden's? requ iy (ue - Aefine Hikbed Space het H be @manzeno Hilbert Space « Pro that ftHhos & Countable a-trronarmol Qasis Cf H iB pefanable . Hilbert SPace: #) Hifbeu space A Compete. Fnmea product space. ve Yector Shace H bre R or C equipped with inner. froduct Ces4> Such that MEY Cauchy Bey th H Comenges Zn-the norm induced bf Inner fred Terps Nay TO Ro . Beis thet: H hos Gumtable orthonamal Baris EF amd only if 4 & Beparable. SH has a Coumtavle orthonormal Baris then det P21 be cq Countable orth. basis oH. an “EH an Le Benen ey hem D i& Countable (Since O isfount: amd Count wnion of Count, %& Countable. “ land D i&6 Demse In H_ became finite bnean Cmbinatons of Basis Vectors ane domsein Hidbev Space rth H had a Gumntable Dense Set =) H ig Acparable. - (13) Gav: SF His ACparable ;-then El haa q Coun. ortraoray mat Uasig , Kot De HU, —- CH be a Countable “dense Subset. Now wing Gaahw ~ ehnlt orthormmedigection proess te ste clense fet Do priduce a Countable Orthernermal eb where near Shan the clemse iin A. Ret Ty be amy mon Pere Vectors ind qs 1H)} , Now ©, 13 umnrt veclor. pinilon ty all remarry Var-zeno vects ane define .es,- ~ ed. rs dx = Am- & Comeayey =) Cp = ie "gril Afton Pepeecting this Process for each In im D. The brocess cbroduceel a Countable ortherurmal set LE, er, C5, - - eh}. Hemee. On & a lounteble orthonormal Basis -for Hy nay

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