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Guided Notes - Weather - Key

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33 views9 pages

Guided Notes - Weather - Key

blah blah blah. blah . blah blah blah blah . blah. blahhhhhhh.

Uploaded by

brysons180
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© All Rights Reserved
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Guided Notes-Weather Water Vapor : : Water vapor is alter mixta into v All air on Earth, even that in the desert, has SOWA VAD71_ mixed into it. © Humidity is hav mWydh wat Napoy is ‘mint av. Absolute Humidity Absolute humiity refers to the INASS ¢} vapor WM & VOUT of aay Measurement in g/m*® Saturation The oir can only hold_SO_MU CA water vapor. The maximum it can hold is saturation (g/m*). * The hich tr the temperature of air, the MOVE VAPEV_it can hold. Relative Humidity inweather Ort casts and reports, you often see humidity as relative humidity, the amount of Nap nthe ary relative to SW ONO as a percentage, Consider 25° C air (saturation = 23 g/m3) with 115 g/m* water vapor. Whats its relative humidity? .5/23 = 0.5 = 50% RH= Decreasing Temperature Consider MUMIA airthat (01S. When air cools so that the absolute humidity is greater than the saturation Ht Condemses Dew Point When the air has 100% huni d i+), itis at its dew point Lowering the temperature further results in water_C1A. 0 $4 HA, out of the air as dw, Soa, CLAS, Lot, ete. Condensation from Radiation Cooling At sthe SUY-£[Link] of the earth, atmosphere, and clouds VadVAS€ their heat as causing them to con| When the humidity is igh swater may (CWS trom the air at Night Contact Cooling . Objects that cool below the Saturation PONE cancollect When this process occurs during the 11! / We call the resulting water drops dew. Ifthe water also-YCCULS we callit frost Adiabatic Cooling _ The higher the Abas , the lower the a presse : -When air pressure ALOT SES , aS | air_COO|S _ inthe process of adiabatic cooling. ~So, rising air wit! COO! _ as it rises. -When air cools below Sortuvr hey] vapor (ONALVIRS _ into water droplets, making Clouds . - Od DH NM releases ; ° “Thus, ASA iq air at saturation Sa (ods more S awly asit moves upward. Adiabatic Warming During adiabatic warming, air gains air pressure, resulting in the air FE Waning © Sinking air will tend to be , because its saturation is Hsing , but its absolute humidity stays the Arne, Sinking air AN 26, causing clouds to WNAPAeAT Orographic Lifting Qrographic lifting (“oro” from Ancient Greek for “mountain’) occurs when Ad! drives air Wa mayen . the rising air LOSS pressure. * Adiabatic cooling ACCI CASES the temperature of the rising air. * Often, air lifted over a mountain will (11_on the windward side because of Adiabatic i * On the opposite (leeward) side of the mountain, the descending dry air will undergo i 1b Warming, creating a rain shadow. * Mountain ranges tend to haved Und V+ rain and moisture on the windward side but are JAA _ on the leeward side. This effect is a rain shadow. Frontal Wedging COW iris ASO than WAM air. In frontal wedging, two air masses _WWWi-t-_ each other, the colder air will NALS (or weage) the warmer air é The warmer air will AA\Avati cal : where (O1Cl__ airmeets WO , moist air, VAI) STO WSoceur. Often, moving masses of (OlA_A'iv_ cause widespread _StOOWS , including intense thunderstorms, along their AAYZES (cold fronts.) Convection-Convergence When the Sun WS the ground, « parcel of warm air can 11SL from the spot through (OWECH on _ processes. © Winds blow tp _ the space the rising air is leaving. © When the air adiabatically (00S to the point of saturation, Conde Satiar4 occurs. + The-thormal energy released by condensation WUAYVISthe air, causing it to 1S& more quickly. This accelerating air is" V&@\oLe_* and results in CovA__ and FA formation. Pop-up showers on WWIti_ SUM M01 days result from convection-convergence. stable and Unstable Air Warm dry air may IF $2 , but adiabatic cooling will cause it to Mectch the temperature of the PUNT MA ANG, air. This is stable ait Warm wet air will cool more €865F and form C\OUAS . thus, itis unstable air Slowly Cloud Types Clouds appear differently depending on WhWre and Na. _ they form. People have known how to predict weather from observing cloud types since time immemorial. Cirrus Clouds Cirrus are bo 15! Ate clouds that occur hig in the atmosphere (~6,000 to 15,000 mM, oF 20,000 to 50,000 feet) cL Cnctals compose cirrus clouds, and these clouds dO Mitt couse rain, Cirrus clouds can form from WAX] AMA Ay that makes it high enough for its sparse moisture to fr¢-€20 out. Some form from the {DPS of Stor MS, including hurricanes. The presence of cirrus clouds foreshadows YZA1\__ in some cases. Stratus Clouds Stratus clouds are Syo-\ le, clouds that form when S{culol2 Ail ceases asiva : * They are often |W) to the ground and vi. . is usually associated with stratus clouds. # light cata or Sinc1s) sometimes results from especially thi CK. stratus clouds, but they do not produce heavy Van Cumulus Clouds Cumulus clouds are Hu yin flat oH ana billowy hig h tops . Rising Un ha Ae air produces cumulus clouds, as IAC), GAO warms the unstable air enough to keep it 1. eAvey : When clouds produce {Ti ¥9 _, they become _H\WnbUSclouds, ie, nimbostratus or cumulonimbus clouds. Cumulonimbus clouds can produce INKS Havwterstonws Other Clouds Clouds that are | i~}p¢-+w21\ types have hybrid names lke stratocumulus or cirrostratus, ‘Alto’ refers to especially JW clouds for a cloud type. p p Fog } Fog isa C\OUC_ that forms at around level 'ttypically forms when Mo1¢* G1¥~ moves intoan area with (Gb| _ ground. Rain Acloud consists of Minis CULE __ droplets that tend to remain alo£ ne When abouta MUA cloud droplets (ntact % coaleSco” , or merge, they can producea Yind Dp _. When enough AWOL etS coalesce into raindrops, a (1S: begins, Snow, Sleet, and Glaze in £¥S12V) clouds, water exists as ce Once, instead of dvoplets © These crystals can ( 0a). ¢¢v into snowflakes that fall If the air is below freezing all the way to the ground, we see this as Showa, If the snow falls through warmer air, it i If the melted snow refreezes before it hits the ground, it becomes leet _ 3 If it refreezes as it hits the ground, it becomes Ate2i (1, or glaze. If the snow does not refreeze, it just becomes (CL A © This rain is usually aber with Sivici [2 drops than rain formed as raindrops in a cloud. wea Hail Hail forms as upd woektcor air force raindrops nigher into CUMULOMINWS cloud where the drops frteVe, ¢ Al The frozen drops can repeatedly accumulade more water and At AVA _ the freezing level until they develop multiple 10\ ive Holster can be quite large (7.9 inches is the record). Hail candamadestructures, mm jure people and animals, and Adc, plants, including Why Wind Blows windis meme dShary Warm air has Lace clemeitW than cold air, so it will (ISL tat cold air This process of (AN\eCt) a4 “is the root cause of the Earth's WSUACIS Air will try to blow ey W_PeSSUC. _ areas rio weibe areas across a Wind speed depends on ea ONO in pressure from LA gh 401000 : bigger differences result in vig Yor winds. Isobars Isobars are lines of CanGtayel prt SSUr6n a map. Moving perp Wi WAY to one means a change in Au Dr€SSUre On a weather map, where isobars are (\OS¢ toatbnoy, , they indicate a big Ake 2vice in pressure overa Aichamce A Laxey" difference in pressure will mean more WANS winds. Friction and Wind The ground SIA2S _ the speed of WIV1l__ through Scion. Low altitude wind blows much [Wore Slowly than high altitude wind. The Jet Stream At about 8,000 - 10,000 m (27,000 - 33,000 ft), there are channels of Iida speed (120 - 240 km/hr, 75 - 150 mph) that_C2sto vellug \p\W2_. These winds are jet streams. Planes can use jet streams to SA vl and time when going AAW. They also relate to where WAY and_COld _ air masses occur. The Coriolis Effect and Wind Because the Earth VDICHC S_, anything flying will have aA LHeckta path The ground will move LiL _ the rotation under the moving thing, including This is the Coriolis effect, * Winds in the northern hemisphere ACU) Kalttwaral (clockwise) * Winds in the southern hemisphere A0 lect [et [Link] (conteveloekvise, (The deflected winds drive O@an CU WOES _ to follow the same pattern.) cyclones Ina cyclone, an area of lows PresSUrG draws air upward and inward (at the surface.) The air moving inward dice na and thus (OMY cI67kWiISC in the northern hemisphere. 1. The low pressure draws air inward 2. The Coriolis effect 2-41 KS the wind to the ght. ‘ie. (Northern hemisphere) 3. The wind travels ina Cit motion around the low pressure system. COMA AD CKwise Anticyciones In anticyciones, at locations of high DYSSUL air descends. At the surface, that air blows GTO avo) , It deflects to theviahe) , or CINCKWIG2 in the northern hemisphere. 1. The high pressure pushes air Aut WIAxe4 | 2. The Coriolis effect CLCUCIS the wind to the laghet (Northern hemisphere) 3. The wind travels ina Clack siS& _ motion around the high pressure system Air Masses An ait mass is air of roughly uniform4mpormtur¢, ana AUN idity : They are several kilometers in Ui) and can stretch across Co NONS Anairmasss OC Siv\ determines its Proper tit) = ™m: maritime, humid ©:continental, dry A: arctic, very cold P: polar, cold T: tropical, warm Fronts Fronts are loamdaries bttueen Aueny air masses When cold and warm air meet, warm air Yi S

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