Ratio and Proportion
1. RATIO
The rational number obtained by using the operation of division into two
same quantities is called the ratio of these quantities. Suppose there are
two quantities a and b where b≠0. The ratio of a and b is expressed by a/b
or a : b .a is called a predecessor and b is called a successor.
𝟐𝟎 𝟏
Ex.: Ratio between 20 km and 100km = = or 1:5.
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟓
2. TYPES OF RATIO
𝒂
2.1 Duplicate Ratio- If a:b then duplicate ratio of = 𝒂𝟐 : 𝒃𝟐
𝒃
𝟐 𝟐
Ex.: Duplicate ratio of 𝟐: 𝟓 = 𝟐 : 𝟓 = 𝟒: 𝟐𝟓
2.2 Triplicate Ratio-If a:b then triplicate ratio of 𝒂: 𝒃 = 𝒂𝟑 : 𝒃𝟑
Ex.: Triplicate ratio of 𝟏: 𝟑 = 𝟏 𝟑 : 𝟑 𝟑 = 𝟏: 𝟐𝟕
2.3 Sub-duplicate Ratio-If a:b then sub-duplicate ratio of a: b= 𝒂: 𝒃
Ex.: Sub-duplicate ratio of 𝟏𝟔: 𝟒𝟗 = 𝟏𝟔: 𝟒𝟗 = 𝟒: 𝟕
2.4 Sub-Triplicate Ratio-If a: b, then sub-triplicate ratio of a:
𝟑
𝒂 ∶ 𝒃 = 𝟑 𝒂: 𝒃
𝟑 𝟑
Ex.: Sub-triplicate ratio of 125: 8 𝟏𝟐𝟓: 𝟖 = 𝟓: 𝟐
2.5 Reciprocal Ratio-
𝟏 𝟏
If a:b then reciprocal ratio of a:b = : or 𝒃: 𝒂
𝒂 𝒃
Ex.: Reciprocal ratio of 4:5 = 5:4
2.6 If 𝒂: 𝒃 and 𝒄: 𝒅 then Compound ratio will be-
𝒂 × 𝒄 ∶ 𝒃 × 𝒅 or 𝒂𝒄 ∶ 𝒃𝒅
Ex.: Compound ratio of 2:3 and 5:7
=2 × 5:3 × 7
= 10:21
3.1 If we multiply or divide by a natural number or integer to every term of
a ratio, the ratio does not change.
𝑨 𝑩 𝑪
= = then 𝑨 ∶ 𝑩 ∶ 𝑪 = 𝒂 ∶ 𝒃 ∶ 𝒄
𝒂 𝒃 𝒄
3.3 Components rule: If
𝒂 𝒄
= then,
𝒃 𝒅
𝒂+𝒃 𝒄+𝒅
=
𝒃 𝒅
3.4 Dividend rule:
𝒂 𝒄 𝒂−𝒃 𝒄−𝒅
If = then =
𝒃 𝒅 𝒃 𝒅
3.5 Componendo and dividendo rule:
𝒂 𝒄
If =
𝒃 𝒅
𝒂+𝒃 𝒄+𝒅
Then, =
𝒂−𝒃 𝒄−𝒅
𝒂 𝒄 𝒆 𝒂+𝒄+𝒆
3.6 = = =
𝒃 𝒅 𝒇 𝒃+𝒅+𝒇
4. PROPORTION
When two ratios are kept equal, they are called proportions. If a, b, c, d are
in proportion, then they are expressed as:
𝒂∶𝒃∶𝒄∶𝒅
Here, 𝒂 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒅 are known as external terms or extremes and 𝒄 and 𝒅 are
known as internal terms or means. Hence, we have Product of external
terms = Product of internal terms
Or, 𝒂𝒅 = 𝒃𝒄
4.1 Properties of Proportion
1. If 𝒂 ∶ 𝒃 ∷ 𝒄 ∶ 𝒅, then a- first term, 𝒃- 2nd term, 𝒄-3rd term, and 𝒅-4th
term. Here, 𝒅 is also called fourth proportional of 𝒂, 𝒃, 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒄.
𝒃𝒄
𝒅 =
𝒂
𝟒 ×𝟑
Ex.: Fourth proportional of 6, 4 and 3 = = 𝟐
𝟔
II. If 𝒂, 𝒃 and 𝒄 are in proportion, then 𝒄 is called third proportion of 𝒂 and 𝒃.
𝒃𝟐
𝒂: 𝒃: : 𝒃: 𝒄 or c =
𝒂
𝟓×𝟓
Ex.: Third proportion of 2 and 5 = = 𝟏𝟐. 𝟓
𝟐
III. If 𝒂, 𝒙 and 𝒃 are in proportion, then 𝒙 is called mean proportion of 𝒂 and
𝒃.
𝒂: 𝒙: : 𝒙: 𝒃
Or 𝒙 = 𝒂𝒃
Ex.: Mean proportion of 4 and 16 = 𝟒 × 𝟏𝟔
= 𝟔𝟒 = 𝟖
IV. If 𝑨: 𝑩 = 𝒂: 𝒃 and 𝑩: 𝑪 = 𝒄: 𝒅 then 𝑨: 𝑩: 𝑪 = 𝒂𝒄: 𝒃𝒄: 𝒃𝒅 then
𝑨: 𝑪 = 𝒂𝒄: 𝒃𝒅
Ex.: If 𝒂: 𝒃 = 𝟐: 𝟑 and 𝒃: 𝒄 = 𝟒: 𝟓, 𝒂: 𝒄 =?
𝒂: 𝒃: 𝒄 = 𝟐 × 𝟒: 𝟑 × 𝟒: 𝟑 × 𝟓
= 𝟖: 𝟏𝟐: 𝟏𝟓
𝒂: 𝒄 = 𝟖: 𝟏𝟓
1. The difference between two whole numbers is 66. The ratio of the two
numbers is 5: 2. The two numbers are:
(A) 60 and 6 (B) 100 and 33
(C)110 and 44 (D) 99 and 33
2. 𝟒𝟑−𝟓 : 𝟐𝟓 is the same as-
(A) 4:1 (B)2:1
(C) 7:5 (D) 7:10
3. The ages of A and B are in the ratio of 6: 5 and the sum of their ages is 44
years. After 8 years the ratio of their ages will be:
(A) 7:6 (B) 6:5
(C) 4:3 (D) 8:7
𝟐
4. The ratio of part of 12.60 to 0.6 part of 21 will be:
𝟑
𝟏 𝟏
(A) ∶ (B) 2:3
𝟐 𝟑
(C) 3:2 (D) 3.5
5. Sheela and Shilpa had some coins in the ratio 5: 3. If Sheela had 400 and
Shilpa had only 5 rupees' coins, how many coins did Shilpa have?
(A) 96 (B) 56
(C)48 (D) 24
6. 234 had to distribute into three persons
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
A, B and C in the ratio : : , but it was distributed in the ratio [Link]
𝟐 𝟑 𝟒
mistakenly. Who benefited the most and how much?
(A) A, ₹ 52 (B) B, ₹ 35
(C) A,₹ 56 (D) C, ₹50
7. The sum of three numbers is 58. The ratio of the first number to the
second number is 4 : 9 and the ratio of the second number to the third
number is 9 : 16 The sum of the first and third numbers is:
(A)40 (B) 29
(C) 28 (D) 50
8. Which of the following is incorrect:
(A) If quantites 𝒂, 𝒃, 𝒄, 𝒅 are in proportion, then 𝒂 × 𝒅 = 𝒃 × 𝒄
(B) If quantites 𝒂, 𝒃, 𝒄, 𝒅 are in proportion, then 𝒂𝒄 = 𝒃𝒅
(C) Inverse proportion of a : b is b : a
(D) If quantites 𝒂, 𝒃, 𝒄 are in G.P., then 𝒃𝟐 = ac
9. If 𝒂: 𝒃 = 𝟒: 𝟓, 𝒃: 𝒄 = 𝟔: 𝟗, 𝒄: 𝒅 = 𝟏𝟓: 𝟏𝟗, then a : b : c : d will be:
(A) [Link]
(B) [Link]
(C) [Link]
(D) [Link]
10. If half of a number equals to 0.07 of other number, then their ratio will
be:
(A) 50:7 (B) 5:7
(C) 7:50 (D) 1:14
11. Ratio between X's income and Y's income is 5: 4 and ratio between their
expenses is 3: 2. If each saves 1600 at end of the year, the find X's income.
(A) ₹3600 (B) ₹5000
(C) ₹4000 (D) ₹1600
12. There are 2500 students in a school. If the number of girls in the school
is 1400, then find the ratio between the number of boys and girls in the
school.
(A) 11:14 (B) 10:15
(C) 14:25 (D) 25:14
𝒙𝒚 +𝒚𝟐
13. 𝒙 ∶ 𝒚= 7:3 then find 𝟐 𝟐
𝒙 −𝒚
𝟑 𝟒
(A) (B)
𝟒 𝟑
𝟑 𝟕
(C) (D)
𝟕 𝟑
𝑩+𝑪 𝑪+𝑨 𝑨+𝑩
14. If 𝑨: 𝑩: 𝑪 = 𝟐: 𝟑: 𝟓then find the ratio : :
𝑨 𝑩 𝑪
(A) [Link] (B) [Link]
(C) [Link] (D) [Link]
15. If 𝒑: 𝒒 = 𝒓: 𝒔 = 𝒕: 𝒖 = 𝟐 ∶ 𝟑 then find the value of (𝒎𝒑 + 𝒏𝒓 + 𝒐𝒕) ∶
(𝒎𝒒 + 𝒏𝒔 + 𝒐𝒖).
(A) 1:3 (B) 1:2
(C) 2:3 (D) 3:2
16. If 𝒃 is mean proportion of 𝒂 and 𝒆, then 𝒂 − 𝒃 𝟑 : 𝒃 − 𝒄 𝟑 equals to-
(A) 𝒂𝟑 ∶ 𝒄𝟑 (B) 𝒃𝟐 ∶ 𝒄𝟐
(C) 𝒂𝟐 ∶ 𝒄𝟐 (D) 𝒂𝟑 ∶ 𝒃𝟑
17. Two numbers are 20% and 50% more than a third number respectively.
The ratio in these two numbers will be:
(A) 2 : 5 (B) 4 : 5
(C) 6 : 7 (D) 3 : 5
18. If 1000 is divided in the ratio of 3 : 2 into A and B, then A will get:
(A) ₹ 400 (B) ₹ 500
(C) ₹ 600 (D) ₹ 800
19. Ratio between A and B is 4 : 5 and between B and C is 2 : 3. If A has 800.
then C has-
(A) ₹ 1000 (B) ₹ 1200
(C) ₹ 1500 (D) ₹ 2000
20. If 𝒂 ∶ 𝒃 = 5 : 3 then the value of:
𝟓𝒂 + 𝟖𝒃 ∶ (𝟔𝒂 − 𝟕𝒃) is:
(A) 9 : 49 (B) 49 : 9
(C) 11 : 50 (D) 50 : 11
21. 𝑨, 𝑩 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑪 distribute an amount of ₹ 9861 dividing them in the ratio of
3 : 11 : 5 respectively. What is the share of 'B' in this amount?
(A) ₹ 9861 (B) ₹ 5709.
(C) ₹ 6228 (D) ₹ 4920
22. The total of ₹ 1,50 paisa and ₹ 25 paisa coins are ₹ 210 and they are in
the ratio of 5: 6: 8 respectively, then the numbers of ₹1 coins:
(A) 168 (B) 105
(C) 100 (D) 63
23. The ratio among monthly salary of A, B and C is 2 : 3 : 5. If the monthly
salary of C is ₹ 1200 more than monthly salary of A, then find the annual
salary of B.
(A) ₹ 24000 (B) ₹ 14400
(C) ₹1200 (D) ₹2000
24. If 𝑨 ∶ 𝑩 = 𝟓: 𝟔 and 𝑩 ∶ 𝑪 = 𝟗 ∶ 𝟏𝟎 then the value of A : B : C is:
(A) 15 : 18 : 20 (B) 12 : 15 : 20
(C) 4 : 5 : 8 (D) 3 : 6 : 10
25. ₹ 770 is distributed among A, B and C so that the amount got by A is 2/9
of the total amount got by B and C, then the part of A is:
(A) ₹140 (B) ₹ 154
(C) ₹ 165 (D) ₹ 170