Science and Technology

Q1. A) Choose the right option and rewrite the sentence:

1. Dr. Homi Bhabha was named as the first Chairman of atomic
energy commission.
a) Dr. Homi Bhabha b) Dr. Homi Sethna
c) Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam d) Dr. Raja Ramanna
2. APPLE was the first completely indigenous communication
satellite made by ISRO.
a) Aryabhatt b) Insat 1 B
c) Rohini -75 d) APPLE

Q1. B) Identify the wrong pair.

i) Prithvi - surface to surface ballistic missile.
ii) Agni - surface to underwater ballistic missile.
iii) Akash - from surface to air attacking missile.
iv)Nag - anti – tank missile.
Ans: Agni – surface to underwater ballistic missile.
Q2.A) Complete the graphical description:
1.
Aryabhatta Bhaskar -1

Names of the
Indian satellites

APPLE INSAT

2.

Ankleshwar Bombay High

Gujarat Maharashtra

Places where oil and gas reserves were found

Assam Gujarat

Digboi Gulf of Khambhat

Q2.B) Explain the following concepts:
1. Space research
➢ Space research is to explore space and to study the earth with
space technology. The space technology includes the
development of the rockets and the satellites, launched from
the earth station. The Indian Space Research Organisation
(ISRO) undertakes the work of space research in India.

2. Telex service
➢ Telex service implies transmission of the typed messages from
one part of the country to another rapidly through telex
machines. The Department of Telecommunication under the
Ministry of Communication launched the telex service in India
in 1963. The telex service in Devanagari script was started in
1969. However, with the emergence of the internet service in
1990’s, the significance of the telex service has declined.

Q3. Explain the following with reasons:

1. Pandit Nehru established the Atomic Energy Commission.
➢ India’s first Prime Minister Pandit Nehru wanted to nurture a
scientific temper.
➢ He wanted to bring about economic development of the nation
by making use of science and technology, produce electricity by
atomic energy, develop nanotechnology and increase the yield
of food grains.
➢ Therefore, Pandit Nehru established the Atomic Energy
Commission on 10th August 1948.
2. India decided to conduct nuclear tests.
➢ China had acquired nuclear capability.
➢ Pakistan was making desperate efforts to acquire nuclear
weapons with the help of China.
➢ To use nuclear energy for peaceful purpose and acquire self-
sufficiency was its objective.
➢ To defend the country against the hostile neighbours, India
decided to conduct nuclear tests.

3. USA imposed economic sanctions on India.

➢ On 11th May, 1998 India carried out its second nuclear test to
prove its nuclear preparedness.
➢ India acquired nuclear capability and developed her missile
programme.
➢ India joined the ranks of the nuclear powers.
➢ Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee assured that there would
be no first use of nuclear weapons by India.
➢ However, to halt India’s nuclear programme, USA imposed
economic sanctions on India.
Q4. Write the answers in 25 to 30 words:
1. Write about Pokharan nuclear test.
➢ India had successfully carried out the first nuclear test at
Pokharan in Rajasthan on 18th May 1974.
➢ Dr. Homi Sethna, the Chairman of the Indian Atomic Energy
Commission and Dr. Raja Ramanna the Director of the Bhabha
Atomic Research Centre played major role in this nuclear test.
➢ It was carried out for peaceful purpose and for attaining self-
sufficiency.
➢ The site of the nuclear test was far away from human
settlement and with no ground water reserves.
➢ On 11th May 1998, the second nuclear test was carried out at
Pokharan.

2. For which sector was Bhaskar-1 satellite expected to be

useful?
➢ Bhaskar-1 was a remote sensing experimental satellite
launched from Soviet Union in 1979.
➢ It was useful for India’s development as it would provide
information regarding water bodies, mineral deposits and help
in forecasting weather.
➢ The photographs taken with the help of this technology about
the bowels of the earth, environment and forests were
important.
➢ It will be useful for oceanography.
Q5. Write in brief:
1. Which of the everyday services are influenced by the
satellite technology?
➢ The following services are influenced by satellite technology:
➢ Television: Doordarshan and the other channels telecast
their programmes with the help of the satellites.
➢ Mobiles operate with the help of satellites.
➢ Radio: 207 Akashwani or radio stations are connected by INSAT
1-B.
➢ Computer and Internet services are linked with the satellites.

2. Why is Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam called as the ‘Missile Man’?

➢ Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was the head of India’s Defence
Research and Development Organisation (DRDO).
➢ Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP)
was conceived by and was carried out under his leadership.
➢ The missiles Prithvi, Agni, Akash and Nag were developed under
his guidance.
➢ Owing to his contribution in the production of missiles, Dr.
A.P.J. Abdul Kalam is called the ‘Missile Man’.
3. How one can do computerized reservation for rail travel?
➢ The service of the computerized reservation for rail travel was
launched in New Delhi in 1984 and thereafter made available
all over India.
➢ For reservation we use internet service with the help of
computer.
➢ After searching availability of ticket, we make reservation by
making payment through Credit/Debit Card or internet
banking.

4. Write the key features of Konkan Railway.

➢ Konkan Railway started in 1998.
➢ It stretches over the four states of Maharashtra, Goa,
Karnataka and Kerala over a distance of 760 kilometres.
➢ There are 12 tunnels on this track. The 6.5 km tunnel at
Karbude is the longest tunnel.
➢ There are 179 big and 1819 small bridges on this track. Out of
these, the 2065.8 m long bridgeon River Sharavati near
Honnawar is the biggest.
➢ The 64 m tall bridge on River Panval near Ratnagiri is India’s
tallest bridge.
➢ Sensors are fitted to the railway engine for avoiding accidents
on tracks that are prone to landslides.