Theorem 7.
2 : angle opposite to equal side of an isosceles triangle are equal
Theorem 7.3: the side opposite to equal angle of a triangle are equal
Theorem 8.1: A diagonal of a parallelogram divides it into two congruent triangles
Theorem 8.2: in a parallelogram opposite angle are equal
Theorem 8.3: if each pair of opposite sides of a quadrilateral is equal, then it is parallelogram
Theorem 8.4: in a parallelogram, opposite angle are equal
Theorem 8.5: if in a quadrilateral, each pair of opposite angles is equal, then it is a parallelogram
Theorem 8.6: the diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other
Theorem 8.7: if the diagonals of a quadrilateral bisect each other, then it is a parallelogram
Theorem 8.8: the line segment joining the midpoint of two side of a triangle is parallel to third side
Theorem 8.9: the line drawn though the midpoint of one side of a triangle parallel to another side bisect the
third side
Theorem 9.1: equal chords of a circle subtend equal angle
Theorem 9.2: it the angle subtended by the chords of a circle at the center are equal then the chord are equal
Theorem 9.3 : the perpendicular drawn from the center of a circle to a chord bisect the chord
Theorem 9.4 : the line drawn through the center of a circle to bisect a chord is perpendicular to the chord
Theorem 9.5: equal chord of the circle are equidistance from center
Theorem 9.6: chords equidistance from the center of the circle are equal in length
Theorem 9.7: the angle subtended by an arc at the center is double the angle subtended by it at any point on the
remaining part of the circle
Theorem 9.8: angle in the same segment are equal
Theorem 9.9: if a line segment joining two point subtend equal angle at two other point lying on the same side
of the line containing the line segment, the four point lie on a circle(i.e. concyclic)
Theorem 9.10: the sum of the either pair of opposite angle of a cyclic quadrilateral is 180
Theorem 9.11 : if the sum of a pair of opposite angle of a quadrilateral is 180 ,the quadrilateral is cyclic
Cone:
• CSA: πrl (where r is the
radius and l is the slant
height)
• TSA: πr(l + r)
• Volume: (1/3)πr²h
(where h is the height)
Sphere:
• CSA: 4πr²
• TSA: 4πr² (CSA = TSA for a sphere)
• Volume: (4/3)πr³
Hemisphere:
• CSA: 2πr²
• TSA: 3πr²
• Volume: (2/3)πr³
Cube:
• If the edge length is 'a':
o CSA (Lateral Surface Area): 4a²
o TSA: 6a²
o Volume: a³
Cuboid:
• If the length is 'l', breadth is 'b', and height is 'h':
o CSA (Lateral Surface Area): 2h(l + b)
o TSA: 2(lb + bh + lh)
Circle Formulas:
• Area of a Circle:
o A = πr²
o Where:
▪ A = area
▪ π (pi) ≈ 3.14159
▪ r = radius of the circle
• Circumference of a Circle:
o C = 2πr
o Or, C = πd (where d is the diameter)
o Where:
▪ C = circumference
▪ π (pi) ≈ 3.14159
▪ r = radius of the circle
▪ d = diameter of the circle. (d=2r)
o Volume: l × b × h
o l = √ (r²+h²)
Key Points:
• π (pi) is approximately 3.14159.
• 'r' represents the radius.
• 'h' represents the height.
• 'l' represents the slant height.
• 'a' represents the edge length of a cube.
• 'l','b','h' represent the length, breadth, and height of cuboid