Objective:

To connect and run the DC series motor and to obtain its load characteristics.

Tools:
- 1 x Series wound machines.
- 1 x Tacho generators.
- 2 x AVOmeters.
- 1 x DC power supply.
- 1 x Magnetic Powder Brake.
- Connection wires.

Connection Diagram:

Procedure:
1) Connect the DC series motor according to the circuit shown above.
2) Before operation connect the magnetic powder brake to the control unit.
3) Set the control unit as follows:
- Speed range switch "min-1":6000.
- Torque range switch "N.m": 3.0.
- Operation mode: MAN 1.
4) Thermal protection of the motor must be connected to the control unit.
5) Put the motor into operation. The DC supply voltage is to be kept
constant at 200V during the measurement and load the motor between a
small load operation to a specific torque (0.5N.m).

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 6) Measure the torque T, speed n, the armature currents In at a DC voltage
of 200V.
7) Plot the relation between n, and TL at constant input voltage Vln.

Results:
Vt(V) Ia (A) n (RPM) τL(N·m)
0.47 5000 0.00
200 1.00 2500 0.10
1.70 1600 0.20

Graph:

5000

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500
n

2000

1500

1000

500

0
0 0.025 0.05 0.075 0.1 0.125 0.15 0.175 0.2
TL

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Conclusion:
In order to investigate the load characteristics of a DC series motor, we
evaluated the relationship between torque (T) and speed (n) in this experiment.
The findings showed that speed reduced as torque increased, as predicted by the
inverse relationship. This behavior is consistent with a DC series motor’s
theoretical load characteristic, which state that a higher load results in a higher
current draw and a slower speed. All things considered; the trial successfully
validated the motor's load characteristics.

Discussion:
1) Using the load characteristics, describe the motor, speed and torque
behavior, the current consumption curve, the efficiency curve of the DC
series motor.
a) The DC series motor runs at a steady 200V terminal voltage. When
there is no load, it exhibits dangerously high speeds; however, as the
load torque grows, it decreases. With larger loads, the armature current
likewise rises, resulting in higher power consumption.

b) As the load torque increases, speed dramatically drops. As is common

with series motors, which are extremely sensitive to changes in load,
the speed is quite high at 5000 RPM when there is no load and declines
as the load torque increases. as depicted in the illustration above.

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 c) The armature current increases at larger loads, as shown in the
following graph:
1.8

1.6

1.4

1.2

1
Ia

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.2
τL

d) The following formulas can be used to determine the input and output
voltage:
P¿ =V t × I a

2 πn
Pout =T L ×ω , whereω=
60

P out
and we calculate the efficiency using: η= ×100 %
P¿
and we get:
Pin (W) Pout (W) η
94.00 0.00 0.00
200.00 26.18 13.09
270.00 33.51 12.41

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 Graphing this data gives us the following curve:

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

0
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270

2) Why does the speed of the DC series motor decrease severely with
increasing load?
A DC series motor's speed drastically drops as the load increases for the
following reasons:
a) Higher Armature Current (Iₐ) = Increased Load: The motor must

dramatically in a series motor because torque is proportional to Iₐ² (T ∝

generate more torque as the load grows. The armature current Iₐ rises

Iₐ²).

b) A stronger magnetic field (ϕ) result from higher Iₐ.

c) Increased Flux (ϕ) → Reduced Speed (n)

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6) How can the nominal data of the motor be determined from the load
characteristics?

The load characteristics can be used to determine a DC series motor's

nominal (rated) data, including its nominal voltage, nominal current,
nominal speed, nominal power, and nominal torque.

The load characteristics of a DC series motor can be used to calculate its

nominal data, including its nominal voltage, current, speed, power, and
torque:

a) Nominal Voltage (Vnom): This is the motor's operating rated supply

voltage, which stays constant regardless of the load characteristics.

b) Nominal Current (Inom): The nominal current is the armature current

at the motor's rated load torque (τnom), according to the armature
current-load torque curve.

c) Nominal Speed (nnom): The speed at the rated load torque is the
nominal speed, as determined by the speed-load torque curve. The
motor functions here in typical circumstances.

d) Nominal Torque (τnom): The nominal torque is the load torque at

which the motor produces its rated mechanical power, as determined by
the torque-power relationship.

P nom 2 π nnom
τ nom= ,∧ωnom=
ω nom 60

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