VERBOS FRASES

Inherit I'm going to inherit £2,000

Leave My uncle is going to leave me £2,000 when
he dies
Save I put some money aside every week for a
holiday. I save money every week.
Lend Andy has promised to give me €50 until next
week. He has promised to lend me €50.
Borrow I need to ask my mum to give me £20 until
Friday. I need to borrow £20 from my mum.
Waste I often spend money on stupid things. I often
waste money.
Can’t afford I don’t have enough money to buy that car. I
can’t afford to buy that car.
Charge I usually have to pay the mechanic £100 to
service my car. The mechanic charges me
£100.
Cost These shoes are quite expensive. They are
$200. They cost $200.
Invest I want to buy some shares in a company
because I want to make a profit. I want to
invest some money.
Earn I work in a supermarket. They pay me £1,000
a month. I earn £1,000 a month.
Be worth I could sell my house for about €200,000. My
house is worth about €200,000.
Raise We need to get people to give money to
build a new hospital. We want to raise
money for the new hospital.
Pay (in) cash / by credit card: pagar en Would you like to pay cash or by credit card?
efectivo / con tarjeta de crédito
Pay for (something): pagar por algo I paid for the dinner last night. It was my
birthday.

Spend (amount of money) on (something): I spent £50 on books yesterday.

gastar (cantidad) en algo

Invest (money) in (something): invertir My uncle invested all his money in property.
dinero en algo
Lend (money) to (someone): prestar dinero I don’t like lending money to friends.
a alguien
Borrow (money) from (someone/bank): I borrowed a lot of money from the bank
pedir prestado dinero a alguien / al banco
Charge (someone) (amount) for They charged us €60 for a bottle of wine.
(something): cobrar a alguien una cantidad
por algo
Get into debt / owe (someone) money: I never get into debt. I hate owing people
endeudarse / deber dinero a alguien money.
Take out (money) from (a place): sacar I took out €200 from a cash machine
dinero de un sitio (cajero)
Pay (someone) back (money): devolver Can I pay you back the money you lent me
dinero a alguien next week?

Live off (someone): depender I have to live off my parents while I’m at
económicamente de alguien university

"Vivir de alguien o algo". El truco es recordar

que “off” = desde fuera, como si tú te
alimentaras desde fuera de ti mismo, de
una fuente externa. Como si “chuparas”
dinero de alguien (tus padres, el gobierno,
inversiones).

Live on (an amount of money): vivir con una It’s difficult for me and my wife to live on
cantidad de dinero only one salary
"Vivir con una cantidad limitada". Aquí “on”
= sobre una base mínima, como si te
sostuvieras sobre ese dinero. Estás encima
de una cantidad pequeña de dinero,
haciendo equilibrio para sobrevivir.

SUSTANTIVOS FRASES
Bill: factura Can you pay the electricity bill today?
Salary: salario She gets her salary at the end of every
month.
Tax: impuesto We have to pay more tax this year.
Loan: préstamo He took out a loan to buy a new car.
Budget: presupuesto We need to stick to our holiday budget.
Mortgage: hipoteca They are still paying off their mortgage.
Contactless payment: pago sin contacto I used contactless payment for my coffee.
Insurance: seguro Do you have health insurance?

SUSTANTIVOS FRASES
Coach: autobús de larga distancia We took a coach to go to another city.
Ferry: ferry / transbordador We crossed the sea by ferry.
Lorry: camión A lorry delivered the goods this morning.
Se ve comúnmente en carreteras largas,
entre ciudades o países.
Motorbike – motocicleta He rides a motorbike to work.
Tram – tranvía We took the tram through the city center.
Motorway: autopista There was a traffic jam on the motorway.
The Underground: el metro I use the Underground every morning.
Van: furgoneta The company uses a van for deliveries.
Scooter: escúter She goes to school on her scooter.
Car crash: accidente de coche There was a car crash on the motorway this
morning.
Cycle lane: carril bici You should ride your bike in the cycle lane.

Parking fine: multa de aparcamiento I got a parking fine for leaving my car in a
 no-parking zone.

Pedestrian crossing: paso de peatones Always stop at the pedestrian crossing.

Petrol station: gasolinera We stopped at a petrol station to fill the

tank.
Road works: obras en la carretera There are road works on the main road, so
expect delays.
Rush hour: hora punta Try to avoid travelling during rush hour.

Seat belt: cinturón de seguridad Always wear your seat belt while driving.

Speed camera: radar de velocidad A speed camera caught him driving too fast.
Speed limit: límite de velocidad The speed limit here is 50 km/h.
Taxi rank: parada de taxis Let’s wait at the taxi rank for a cab.

Traffic lights: semáforo The traffic lights turned red just as I arrived.
Traffic jam: atasco de tráfico We were stuck in a traffic jam for an hour.
Zebra crossing: paso de cebra Drivers must stop at the zebra crossing

ENGLISH USO/ESPAÑOL
How long does it take? Se usa para preguntar o decir cuánto tiempo
se tarda en hacer algo (especialmente
trayectos o tareas).
How long does it take you to get home? ¿Cuánto tardas tú en llegar a casa?

It takes + (persona) + tiempo + to get (to Se usa para hablar sobre la duración de un
lugar) viaje o trayecto.
It takes me 30 minutes to get to school. Tardo 30 minutos en llegar al colegio

It took her an hour to get to work Ella tardó una hora en llegar al trabajo ayer
yesterday.
VERBOS ESTRUCTURA SIGNIFICADO USO EJEMPLO TRADUCCIÓN
Set off Verbo set + Comenzar un Muy común We set off at Salimos a las
partícula off viaje, salir de un para hablar 7.00 in the 7:00 de la
lugar con del momento morning to mañana para
destino a otro. en que try to avoid intentar
empiezas un the traffic. evitar el
trayecto. tráfico.

Pick up Verbo pick + Recoger a Muy común I arrive at Llego a las

partícula up. alguien o algo, para pedir 8.15. Do you 8:15. ¿Crees
normalmente en que alguien think you que podrías
vehículo. pase por ti could pick recogerme
en coche. me up at the en la
station? estación?

End up Verbo end + Terminar o Muy común Always Revisa

partícula up. acabar en un porque el check the siempre la
lugar o resultado address you dirección que
situación, final es put in your pones en el
normalmente distinto al satnav or GPS o
inesperada. planeado. you may end podrías
up in the acabar en el
wrong place. lugar
equivocado.

Run out Verbo run + Quedarse sin Muy común We’re going Nos vamos a
(of) partícula out algo. para to run out of quedar sin
(+ of + objeto). cualquier petrol soon. gasolina
recurso que Let’s stop at pronto.
se termina the next Paremos en
(gasolina, petrol la próxima
dinero, station. gasolinera.
comida,
tiempo, etc.).

Look Verbo look + Tener cuidado, Muy común Look out! ¡Cuidado!
out partícula out. estar atento a como You’re going ¡Vas a
un peligro advertencia to crash! chocar!
inminente. rápida.

SUSTANTIVOS TRADUCCIÓN FRASES

Fans Aficionados The fans cheered loudly
when their team scored a
goal.

Coach Entrenador The coach gave the players

some advice before the
match.
 Captain Capitán The captain lifted the trophy
after the final.
Players Jugadores The players trained hard all
week for the championship.
Referee / umpire Árbitro The referee blew the whistle
to end the game.
Spectators / the crowd Espectadores / el público The spectators clapped at
the end of the match.

Sports hall Pabellón Deportivo The basketball game was

held in the local sports hall
Stadium Estadio The stadium was full of
cheering fans.
Team Equipo Our team won the regional
championship last year.
Tennis / basketball court Pista/Cancha They played the match on
the new tennis court.
Football / rugby / hockey Campo The football pitch was very
pitch muddy after the rain
Swimming / diving pool Piscina The hotel has an Olympic-
size swimming pool
Athletics track Pista de atletismo He ran 400 metres around
the track
Formula 1 / motorcycling Circuito The race at the Monaco
circuit circuit is very famous
Golf course Campo de golf We spent the weekend
playing at a golf course near
the beach.
Ski slope Pista de esquí The ski slope was covered in
fresh snow

VERBOS EXPLICACIÓN EJEMPLO

Train: entrenar ----------------- Professional sportspeople
have to train every day
Get injured: lesionarse ----------------- Don’t play tennis on a wet
court. You might get injured
Kick: chutar/patear ----------------- A footballer has to try to kick
the ball into the goal
Get fit: ponerse en forma ---------------- I’ve started going to the gym
because I want to get fit
Score: marcar ----------------- Our new striker is going to
score a lot of goals
Go: ponerse en forma ----------------- Would you like to go
swimming this afternoon?
Do: hacer ----------------- My brothers do yoga and t’ai
chi
Throw: lanzar ------------------- He threw the ball to his
teammate.
 warm (verbo base:
Warm up: hacer ejercicios calentar) The runners warmed up
ligeros para preparar el cuerpo + before the race started.
antes de una actividad física. up (partícula que en este
contexto indica
"preparar" o "activar")

work (verbo base:

Work out: hacer ejercicio trabajar)
físico, normalmente en un + I work out at the gym three
gimnasio o como rutina. out (partícula que le da times a week.
el sentido de "entrenar"
o "hacer ejercicio físico")

send (verbo base: enviar)

+
Send off: expulsar a un jugador off (partícula que aquí The referee sent off two
de un campo deportivo. significa "hacer que se players for fighting.
vaya" o "expulsar")

Knock out: eliminar a alguien knock (verbo base:

de una competición, o dejarlo golpear) Our team was knocked out in
inconsciente en una pelea. + the first round.
out (partícula que indica
"sacar" o "eliminar")

SUSTANTIVOS TRADUCCIÓN EJEMPLO

Dos personas que están The couple celebrated their
Couple casadas o en una relación tenth wedding anniversary in
romántica. Paris.

Tu esposo/a, novio/a o My partner and I love hiking

Partner novia. in the mountains on
weekends.
La persona con la que Her fiancé is planning a big
Fiancé (fiancée) estás comprometido(a) surprise for their wedding
para casarte. day.

Flatmate Persona con la que My flatmate is very tidy and

compartes un piso. always cleans the kitchen
after cooking.
Persona con la que One of my colleagues helped
Colleague trabajas. me finish the project on time.
 Persona con la que antes I ran into my ex at the
Ex tenías una relación. supermarket yesterday.

Un muy buen amigo con My close friend knows all my

Close friend el que puedes hablar de secrets.
cualquier cosa.
Persona que está en la I sat next to my classmate
Classmate misma clase que tú en la during the math exam.
escuela o universidad.

SUSTANTIVOS TRADUCCIÓN EJEMPLO

I met Mark when I was
Meet Encontrarse o conocer a studying at York
alguien por primera vez. University.

We became friends each

Become Friends Empezar una amistad. other quickly because
we went to the same
classes.

Get to know Conocer a alguien más a fondo We soon got to know

Have (sth) in common Compartir intereses o gustos and we discovered that
similares. we had a lot in common.

We went out together in

Go out together Tener citas o salir como pareja. our second term and we
fell in love.

We were together for

Be together Estar en una relación two years, but we
romántica argued a lot and in our
Break up last term at university
Terminar una relación. we broke up.

After we left university,

Lose touch Dejar de tener contacto we lost touch because I
moved to London and he
stayed in York.

Volver a comunicarse con Five years later, we got

Get in touch alguien. in touch again on
Facebook.

Get on Llevarse bien con alguien. This time we got on

better than before,
 maybe because we were
older.

Propose Pedir matrimonio After two months, Mark

proposed and I accepted
We got married last
Get married Casarse summer. A lot of our old
university friends came
to the wedding!

SUSTANTIVOS TRADUCCIÓN EJEMPLO

I love watching an action
Action film Película de acción film with lots of
explosions.
The new animation
Animation Animación movie is perfect for
children.

That comedy made me

Comedy Comedia laugh for two hours
straight.

Drama Drama The drama had a very

emotional ending.
Historical film Película histórica A historical film can
teach you about the
past.
Horror film Película de terror She never watches a
horror film at night.
The musical was full of
Musical Musical catchy songs and bright
costumes.
Rom-com Comedia romántica We saw a sweet rom-
com on our first date.
A science fiction film
Science fiction film Película de ciencia ficción often shows futuristic
worlds.
This thriller kept me on
Thriller Thriller / suspense the edge of my seat.
A war film can be intense
War film Película de guerra and emotional.
The western featured
Western Western / película del oeste cowboys and dusty
towns.

The cast worked hard to

Cast Elenco / reparto bring the story to life.
 She will star in the new
Star Estrella (actor principal) superhero movie.

The soundtrack of the

Soundtrack Banda sonora film is beautiful.

Plot Trama The plot was full of

unexpected twists.
Scene Escena This scene was filmed in
Italy.
Audience Audiencia / público The audience loved the
performance.
Sequel Secuela The sequel continues the
hero’s adventure.
Special effects Efectos especiales The special effects
looked very realistic.
Trailer Tráiler / avance The trailer made the
movie look exciting.

Script Guion The script was written in

just two weeks.

Extra Extra (actor con papel I worked as an extra in a

pequeño) war film.

Subtítulos I watched the film with

Subtitles Spanish subtitles.

Review Reseña / crítica The review praised the

director’s work.
Set Set / escenario de filmación The set looked exactly
like New York City.
Critic Crítico The critic gave the film a
great score.

VERBOS TRADUCCIÓN EJEMPLO

Be based on The film is based on a
Estar basado en famous novel.

Be set in The story is set in Paris

Estar ambientado en during the 1920s.

Be directed by Estar dirigido por The movie is directed by

a well-known director.
He plays the part of a
Play the part of Interpretar el papel de brave soldier.

No se usa para estudios con

 Be shot (or filmed) on decorados, sino para lugares The movie was shot on
location reales como ciudades, playas, location in Italy.
montañas, etc.
Ser doblado a/en. No es
subtitulado (subtitled), sino The series is dubbed into
Be dubbed into cambio total de las voces several languages.
originales por otras en otro
idioma.

Esto significa que en inglés, cuando hablamos de partes del cuerpo, normalmente usamos
pronombres posesivos (my, your, his, her, its, our, their) en lugar de artículos definidos como
the. En inglés, el posesivo aclara de quién es la parte del cuerpo, porque el idioma no lo asume
automáticamente como en español.
 ✅ Give me your hand.
❌ Give me the hand. (suena extraño o incorrecto)
SUSTANTIVOS TRADUCCIÓN EJEMPLO
She lifted her arms to wave
Arms Brazos at her friend.

Back Espalda He hurt his back while lifting

a heavy box.
She rested her chin on her
Chin Barbilla hands.

Ears Orejas / oídos My ears get cold in winter.

Eyes Ojos His blue eyes are beautiful.

Face Cara / rostro She washed her face before

bed.

Feet Pies My feet are sore after

walking all day.
Fingers He wore rings on all his
Dedos (de la mano) fingers.

Hands manos Wash your hands before

eating.

Head Cabeza He nodded his head in

agreement.

Knees Rodillas She fell and scraped her

knees.

Legs piernas His legs are very long.

 Lips Labios Her lips are painted red.

Mouth Boca Open your mouth and say

“ah.”

Neck Cuello He wore a scarf around his

neck.

Nose Nariz My nose is blocked because

of a cold.

Shoulders Hombros She carried a heavy bag on

her shoulders.
Stomach Estómago His stomach hurts after
eating too much.

Teeth Dientes Brush your teeth twice a day.

Toes Dedos del pie She painted her toes bright

pink.

Pulgar a thumb up → un
Thumb pulgar hacia arriba (gesto He gave a thumb up to show
con la mano que significa approval.
“bien” o “aprobado”)

Tongue Lengua He stuck out his tongue

playfully.

VERBOS TRADUCCIÓN EJEMPLO

Bite Morder Be careful, the dog might
bite you.

Clap Aplaudir The audience began to clap

loudly after the show.

Kick Patear He tried to kick the ball into

the goal.

Nod Asentir con la cabeza She nodded to show she

agreed.

Point Señalar Can you point to the place

on the map?
 Smell Oler I can smell fresh bread from
the kitchen.

Smile Sonreír She likes to smile at

everyone she meets.

Stare Mirar fijamente It’s rude to stare at people.

Please taste the soup and

Taste Probar / saborear tell me if it needs salt.

Tocar Don’t touch the wet paint.

Touch
He began to whistle a
Whistle Silbar cheerful tune.
a cheerful tune → una
melodía alegre (cheerful =
alegre, tune = melodía)

SUSTANTIVOS TRADUCCIÓN EJEMPLO

Boarding Internado (escuela donde los He goes to a boarding school
alumnos viven) far from home.

Degree Título universitario / grado She has a degree in

académico engineering.

Head Director/a de la escuela The head of the school

welcomed the new students.

Nursery Guardería / preescolar My little brother goes to a

nursery school.
Children start primary school
Primary Primaria at age five.

Private Privado/a They send their children to a

private school.
Pupils Alumnos (especialmente en The pupils are learning to
primaria) read and write.

Secondary Secundaria She is a teacher in a

secondary school.
State Pública (financiada por el Most children in the UK go to
gobierno) a state school
Students Estudiantes (especialmente The students are preparing
en secundaria o universidad) for exams

Terms Trimestres / períodos The school year is divided

escolares into three terms.
 College Universidad (EE. UU.) He hopes to go to college
next year.
Elementary Primaria (EE. UU.) My sister teaches at an
elementary school.

Grades Calificaciones She got good grades in all

her subjects.
High Secundaria superior (high He is in his last year of high
school) school.

Kindergarten Jardín de infancia / kínder Children usually start

kindergarten at age five.
The school year is divided
Semesters Semestres into two semesters.

Duodécimo grado (último She will graduate from

Twelfth grade año de secundaria en EE. twelfth grade in June.
UU.)

VERBOS ESTRUCTURA TRADUCCIÓN EJEMPLO

make + persona + Obligar a alguien a My French teacher
Make verbo base (sin “to”) hacer algo. made me do extra
homework
Our IT teacher lets
Let let + persona + verbo Permitir que alguien us play games every
base (sin “to”). haga algo. Friday.

The head doesn’t

Allow allow + persona + to Permitir, autorizar allow us to take our
+ verbo phones to school.

💡 Regla rápida para diferenciar:

 in → dentro de un espacio cerrado o delimitado (país, ciudad, barrio, zona).
 on → on + franja/borde = ubicación a lo largo de una línea (costa, frontera, calle).
on + superficie plana = ubicación física encima de algo (piso, mesa, techo).

SUSTANTIVOS TRADUCCIÓN EJEMPLO

Roof Techo The roof needs repairing
after the storm.
Chimney Chimenea Smoke was coming out of
the chimney.
Attic Ático We keep our old furniture in
the attic.
Wall Pared/Muro There’s a painting on the
wall.
 Balcony Balcón She stood on the balcony to
enjoy the view.
Terrace Terraza / Patio

Entrance
Top floor
Ground floor
First floor Planta baja The kitchen is on the ground
floor.
Steps Escaleras / escalones Be careful on the steps,
they’re slippery.
Path Camino / sendero A stone path leads to the
front door
Gate Portón / verja Please close the gate after
you enter
Basement Sótano The basement is used as a
laundry room

1. →
o Espacio abierto y plano, a veces en la parte superior o trasera de la casa, para
sentarse o comer.
o Ejemplo: We had lunch on the terrace. (Almorzamos en la terraza).
2. → Entrada
o Lugar por donde se entra a la casa, normalmente la puerta principal.
o Ejemplo: The entrance is at the front of the building. (La entrada está en la
parte frontal del edificio).
3. → Última planta / piso superior
o El piso más alto de un edificio.
o Ejemplo: Our office is on the top floor. (Nuestra oficina está en la última
planta).