Answers
h greater (by a factor of 1.29, so p = 108 000 Pa) 2 a
i Collisions are elastic; no KE is lost when velocity is unchanged
after collision.
4 a m = mass of an atom or molecule
c 2 = mean square speed of atoms/molecules
b k = Boltzmann constant; T = thermodynamic temperature
c It is doubled.
d
Mean kinetic energy / J
b 30 cm
3 a F F
+ +
1 cm
0
0 Temperature / K
b Forces are equal and opposite in direction; act on two
different bodies (the two charges); both are electrical (the
Exam-style questions same type).
1 a An ideal gas is a gas that behaves according to the equation c Magnitude is unchanged but both change direction (they
pV = nRT become attractive).
b 1.50 m3 d ×4
1
c 1.24 × 10 Pa 5
e × 4 37
d density = 0.080 kg m ; root mean square speed = 2160 m s
−3 −1
f ×4
g 9.0 × 1015 N
2 a Particles of the gas move around, colliding with walls; each
collision exerts a force. 4 a 24 N C−1 away from +Q
b twice as many particles so twice as many collisions per b 120 N towards Q
second with walls
c At higher temperature particles move faster so there is greater 5 a
change in their momentum at each collision so greater force
per collision.
d mean kinetic energy = 6.21 × 10 −21 J
e The two types of particle have the same mean KE; those +Q
with smaller mass (nitrogen) must have greater mean square
KE 12 m c 2 .
speed for this to be so, since mean K
Chapter 23:
Coulomb’s law b No, the lines are not evenly spaced, they get farther apart with
distance from the charge.
c 2.81 × 1013 N C−1
Exercise 23.1 Electric field around a
d
point charge
1 a An electric field is a region where a force acts on an electric
charge due to its charge.
force (N)
b electric field strength (N C ) =
charge (C)
E
F
E=
Q
c electric force = 8.0 × 10 −16 N to the left
d gravitational force = 8.9 × 10 −30 N downwards 0
0 t
Cambridge International AS and A level Physics
6 a The +4 C charge; both charges are at same distance so the c 2.8 × 10 −7 N
bigger charge will exert the greater force. d Its electric potential energy has increased because work
b to the right (away from +4 C) must be done to increase the separation between opposite
2 cm from +4 C, 1 cm from +1 C; ( 4 2 ) = ( 11 )
2 2
c charges.
2 a electric potential at a point: the work done in bringing a unit
Exercise 23.2 Electric potential positive charge from infinity to that point
1 a 392.4 J; 19.62 J kg −1 b 3.2 × 10 −16 J
b Positive charges repel (or the positive charge is being pushed c
against the direction of the electric field).
c 40 J; 2 V
2
d −40 J; the negative charge loses energy in moving to a
higher potential.
V / kV
2 a attract − opposite charges
b Work must be done against the attractive force between the 1
charges.
c higher potential
d 9.0 × 109 V
e 4.5 × 107 J
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
3 a Field lines are equally spaced along their length.
d / cm
b 50 kV m−1
d 25 kV m−1 (or 25 kN C−1)
c straight line
e AB no work; BC 1.20 × 10 −16 J
d gradient = field strength doesn’t vary (is constant)
e Field lines are not equally spaced along their length.
38 Chapter 24:
f Gradient is steepest nearest the charge (small distances).
g Nearest the charge is where the field is strongest. Capacitance
h Furthest from charge, where gradient of curve is least (and
field lines are furthest apart). Exercise 24.1 Charge, voltage and capacitance
i Field is strongest at Earth’s surface; move upwards for weaker 1 a C = capacitance in farad (F)
field (away from surface). Q = charge in coulomb (C)
j V = potential difference in volt (V)
b 1 F = 1 C V−1
c 0.01 F
Gravitational potential
d 0.01 C
e 0.50 C
2 a pico; 10 −12
b i 2.0 × 10 −5 F
ii 1.0 × 10 −2 F
Distance iii 2.0 × 10 −11 F
iv 5.0 × 10 −9 F
4 a 2.5 m
b gradient =
( − ) = 4.6 m = 1.0 V m−1 3 a 0 A (no current)
( − ) 4.5 b V, 0 V
c gradient is negative; the force is repulsive c −Q
d +Q
Exam-style questions e dielectric
1 a Coulomb’s law: Any two point charges exert an electrical f an electric field
force on each other that is proportional to the product of g 0V
their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the h VV
distance between them. V
b 2.8 × 10 −7 N
i I=
R