Slide 1
Hi, this is Jhannel Guese, and after the simple channel, I will be discussing the best hydraulic cross
section of an open channel.
Slide 2
Table of contents: So, these are the scope of our topic. We have the objectives, introduction, Formulas of
geometrical shapes, and Example problems.
Slide 3
Objectives: These are the objectives: (1) To be able to understand the importance of the best hydraulic
cross section. (2) To be able to identify the different cross sections of hydraulics. (3) To develop the
method for determining the best hydraulic cross section.
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Introduction: The best hydraulic cross section of an open channel is characterized by provision of
maximum discharge with a given cross sectional area. Q=AV
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Definition: It is known that the conveyance of a channel section increases with increase in the hydraulic
radius or with decrease in the wetted perimeter. Q: maximum::P: minimum
Note that the conveyance means the capacity of flow of a channel’s cross section independent of slope.
While the capacity is the maximum flow rate that a channel can convey given a geometry or slope.
This capacity can be found by using Manning’s Equation: V=1/n(R)^2/3(S)^1/2
Where n and S are possibly constant. Because n or the coefficient roughness depends on what material
do we use. And S doesn’t give an enormous effect in getting the flow rate.
Moreover, hydraulic radius R is defined as the cross-sectional area of the channel divided by the wetted
perimeter.
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Why is this important for design?
•Reducing P reduces channel construction costs.
•Cost of deep excavation less than shallow excavation.
However
•If right-of-way costs are high: no choice but to dig deeper.
Among the various shapes of open channel the semi-circle shape is the best hydraulic efficient cross
sectional shape. However the construction of semicircle cross section is difficult for earthen unlined
channel.
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COMMON SHAPES AND FORMULA USED
One of the parameters needed in order to make use of the Manning equation for open channel flow
calculations is the hydraulic radius of the channel cross section.
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Common shapes for open channel cross section include rectangle, trapezoid, triangle, and circle. These
shapes are prismatic channels. Irrigation canals, sewer systems that flow partially full, storm drains, and
street gutters are the examples. However, all natural channels generally have varying cross-sections and
consequently are non-prismatic. Water flow in rivers and streams are obvious examples of open channel
flow in natural channels.
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Trapezoidal: trapezoidal section is commonly used cross section.
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Rectangular: rectangular channel with channel width being equal to two times the height of channel is
the best hydraulic section among all rectangular sections.
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Triangular: A triangular channel is hydraulically most economical when each of its sloping sides is inclined
to the vertical at an angle of 45°.
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Circular: Again, a crcle has the least perimeter for a given area of any geometric shape that’s why it’s the
most economical cross section but, due to practical limitations in maintaining the section, trapezoidal
channels are usually employed.
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EXAMPLE PROBLEM
Insert video
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The end.