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Concurrency in Triangle Geometry Proof

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6 views3 pages

Concurrency in Triangle Geometry Proof

Uploaded by

mathvengers.eulergame
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

IMO2021p3

Ashwik Ranjan
May 2025

1 Problem:
Let D be an interior point of the acute triangle ABC with AB > AC so that
∠DAB = ∠CAD. The point E on the segment AC satisfies ∠ADE = ∠BCD,
the point F on the segment AB satisfies ∠F DA = ∠DBC, and the point X
on the line AC satisfies CX = BX. Let O1 and O2 be the circumcentres of
△ADC and △EXD, respectively. Prove that the lines BC, EF and O1 O2 are
concurrent.

1
2 Solution:

A
O2 K

F
O1
E
D

B C T

Let H be the isogonal conjugate of D, K be the miquel point of the quadrilat-


eral BF EC and let T ≡ EF ∩ BC.

CLAIM 1: BHDF, CHDE and BF EC are cyclic.


Proof: We have ∡F DH = ∡F DA = ∡DBC = ∡HBF which implies that
BHDF is cyclic.
Similarly, CHDE is also cyclic. Now, by Power of Point, AF · AB = AD · AH =
AE · AC =⇒ BF EC is cyclic.□

2
CLAIM 2: The circles (BDC) and (DEF ) are tangent and T D is their common
tangent.
Proof: We have

∠F DB = 180◦ − ∠BDH − ∠F DA
= 180◦ − ∠BF H − ∠F DA
= 180◦ − ∠DF E − ∠F DA
= ∠F ED + ∠ADE
= ∠DEF + ∠BCD.

This gives us that (DEF ) and (BDC) are tangent at D.


Now, by RaDaX on (BF EC), (BDC) and (DEF ), we get that the common
tangent passes through EF ∩ BC ≡ T .□

CLAIM 3: BEKX is cyclic.


Proof: We have the following angle chase:

∠BKE = ∠AKE − ∠AKB


= (180◦ − ∠AF E) − ∠BCA
= 180◦ − (∠AF E + ∠BCA)
= 180◦ − 2∠BCA
= ∠BXE.

This gives that BEKX is cyclic.□

CLAIM 4: The circles (ADC), (EXD) and (BDK) are coaxial.


Proof: We will show that AC ∩ BK ≡ Z lies on the common radical axis.
Then,

Pow(Z, (ADC)) = ZA · ZC = ZK · ZB = Pow(Z, (BDK))


Pow(Z, (EXD)) = ZE · ZX = ZK · ZB = Pow(Z, (BDK)),

as desired.□

Now, invert the diagram about T with radius T D. Then, the inversion Ψ swaps
(B, C), (E, F ), (A, K).
Now, by claim 4, let a line l contain the centres of (ADC), (EXD), (BDK) (This
follows since the 3 circles are coaxial.) Then, Ψ swaps (ADC) and (KDB) which
implies T lies on l.
Hence, the lines EF, BC and O1 O2 are concurrent at point T .■

Common questions

Powered by AI

Power of a Point is used to compare the products of distances from point A to opposite sides of the cyclic quadrilateral BFEC, showing that these products equal. Specifically, it confirms AF·AB = AE·AC, thereby proving that BFEC is cyclic by showing that these equalities hold under the cyclic nature condition for the quadrilateral. This is a crucial step for further geometric deductions needed in the proof of concurrency.

The inversion centered at point T with radius TD is significant because it transforms the circles and lines involved, swapping circles (ADC) and (KDB) and also (E, F) with (A, K). This transformation simplifies the geometric configuration, making it possible to deduce that line l, which contains the centers of these circles, also contains point T. Thus, this inversion plays a key role in confirming that the lines EF, BC, and O1O2 concur at T.

The Miquel point K, found via the configuration of quadrilateral BFEC, intersects circles that establish auxiliary line segments contributing to completing geometric constructions. Specifically, it supports demonstrating the radial and tangential properties necessary for the circles such as (ADC), (EXD), and (BDK) which play into the final argument of line concurrency intersecting through the radial directions involving these circles. K's positional properties are a subtle but vital part of aligning geometry for the proof.

Showing that AC and BK intersect is critical in proving that the shared intersection lies on all intersecting circle coaxial radical axes, helping derive equal power–segmented proportionalities. This interaction solidifies round circle geometry to deduce equational symmetries needed for concurrent configurations in the larger proof. By establishing these intersections, we lay groundwork for understanding how lines EF, BC, and circumcircle centers converge, providing necessary criteria for final concurrency of geometric structures.

The cyclic nature of quadrilateral BFEC is crucial in demonstrating the concurrency of lines because it sets up the cyclic conditions required for using the Power of a Point theorem. This theorem, applied to the cyclic quadrilateral, relates the lengths of segments that, when paired with inversion arguments and tangent properties, directly lead to the concurrency proof of lines BC, EF, and O1O2 at point T.

The cyclic nature of circle (DEF) allows an angle decomposition that shows equality across the intersecting chords and arcs, particularly for angles ∠DEF and ∠BCD. These angles being equal is a part of the phenomenon that ensures (DEF) and (BDC) are tangent at D. This tangency is pivotal because it establishes the presence of a common tangent line through EF and BC, reinforcing the claim of concurrency at intersection T.

The common tangent line at D between the circles (DEF) and (BDC) intersects EF and BC at point T, serving as a radical axis for the coaxial circles (ADC), (EXD), and (BDK). The circle coaxiality implies that these three circles share a common radical axis and thus the radial power at intersection points is preserved. This provides a structural symmetry crucial for proving concurrent line structures, effectively aiding in the ultimate concurrency demonstration of EF, BC, and O1O2.

Establishing T as a concurrency point aligns with the inversion symmetry argument by using the symmetric swapping property of inversion to interchange configurations like circle (ADC) with (KDB) while maintaining point T on line l. This crucial symmetric property ensures geometric equivalences that help confirm concurrent directions of EF, BC, and O1O2 through aligned center points, validating T's role as the intersection, according to inversion principles.

The cyclic nature of BEKX ensures that key angles in this quadrilateral contribute to showing that circle configurations intersect at appropriate points, specifically leveraging angle ∠BKE = ∠BXE. This angle equating is crucial for demonstrating that other geometrically defined points, such as intersections and tangency points, align in a way that enables the concurrency of lines BC, EF, and centers’ line O1O2 at point T, which is a pivotal part of the geometric proof.

In this problem, the isogonal conjugate of point D, denoted as H, is used to establish cyclic properties of certain quadrilaterals. By showing that quadrilaterals BHDF and CHDE are cyclic through an angle chasing argument, we reinforce the geometric configurations necessary for demonstrating the tangent properties and coaxiality of circles involved. Establishing these cyclic quadrilaterals allows subsequent claims to prove the concurrency of lines BC, EF, and O1O2.

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