Reproductive risk assessment
• A thorough physical examination of the reproductive tract includes a
complete history, general physical examination, and evaluation of the external
and internal genitalia.
• The Ancillary tests that can be applied to this systems include uterine culture,
biopsy, cytology.
• Even the mammary gland examinations are done for accurate diagnosis.
REPRODUCTIVE FAILURES
Infertility may result from an issue with either of the partners or sometimes it
could be in both. Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive children.
• In women, cause of infertility can include endometriosis, uterine fibroids and
thyroid disease.
• Men with fertility problems may have a low sperm count or low
testosterone.
• The risk of infertility increases as you age.
• Overexposure to certain environmental factors, such as pesticides and other
chemicals, and radiation may increase the risk of fertility.
• Many women have the problems of ovulation ( release of egg from ovaries )
• Even the hormonal balance is one factor that affects the fertility.
• Growth of fibroids in and around the uterus can cause infertility.
• The side effects of some drugs can affect the fertility and also the one who's
on chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
CONSANGUINITY AND ENDOGAMY AND ITS IMPACT ON GENETIC DISORDERS
CONSANGUINITY
• Consanguinity is the term used to describe couples who share atleast one
common ancestor. It is related to same blood.
• Consanguineous couples are often reffer to genetic counseling because their
offsprings are at high risk for recessive genetic disorders, birth defects, still
birth.
• For Consanguineous couples,the degree of realtionship deterimes the
amount of risk. That is the more closely theyare related, higher the risk.
• closer the relationship, more genes is predicted to be shared within them and
offspring will inherit the identical copies of those genes.
• Consanguinity does not increase the risk of aneuploidy.
• particular care must be taken to address the cultural issues when counseling
couple is Consanguineous.
• It increases the prevalence of birth defects and other genetic related
disorders.
• they significantly have high risk of expression of recessive gene in the
offspring i.e., the offspring may suffer from autosomal recessive disorders.
• It slightly shows the higher risk for diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cancer,
heart disease, asthma, hypertension.
ENDOGAMY AND ITS IMPACT ON GENTIC DISORDERS
•endogamy (in-marriage) refers to marriage between the people of the same
group)
• It increases the prevalence of birth defects and other genetic related
disorders.
• they significantly have high risk of expression of recessive gene in the
offspring i.e., the offspring may suffer from autosomal recessive disorders.
• It slightly shows the higher risk for diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cancer,
heart disease, asthma, hypertension.