🔹 Very Short Answer Type Questions
1. What is meant by 'life processes'?
Answer: All processes that collectively maintain life in an organism are called life
processes.
2. What do you understand by 'food' and 'nutrition'?
Answer: The source of energy for an organism is food, and the process of intake and
utilization is nutrition.
3. What is 'respiration'?
Answer: Intake of oxygen from outside and using it in the breakdown of food to release
energy is called respiration.
4. What are the end products of digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats?
Answer:
○ Proteins → Amino acids
○ Carbohydrates → Glucose
○ Fats → Fatty acids and Glycerol
5. How much energy is released from the breakdown of one ATP molecule?
Answer: 30.5 KJ/mol energy is released.
6. What is the role of cartilage rings in the windpipe?
Answer: They ensure that the air passage does not collapse.
7. Write the chemical equation of photosynthesis.
Answer:
6CO2+6H2O→sunlight/chlorophyllC6H12O6+6O26CO2+6H2Osunlight/chlorophyllC6H1
2O6+6O2
8. What will happen if xylem is removed from a plant?
Answer: Water and mineral transport will stop, and the plant will dry up and die.
9. What are enzymes?
Answer: Enzymes are organic biological catalysts that speed up biochemical reactions.
10.How do fungi obtain nutrition?
Answer: They break down food externally and absorb the nutrients.
11.What determines the food and digestive method of an organism?
Answer: It depends on the organism's structure and body function.
12.How is nutrition different in Amoeba and Paramecium?
Answer:
● Amoeba: Uses pseudopodia to ingest food anywhere.
● Paramecium: Takes food through a fixed oral groove.
13.Which food components are fully digested in the small intestine?
Answer: Proteins, carbohydrates, and fats.
14.In humans, what is the function of the nephron (kidney unit)?
Answer: Excretion.
15.Name any two unicellular organisms.
Answer: Amoeba and Paramecium.
16.Name two plants that derive nutrition from other plants without killing them.
Answer: Cuscuta (Amarbel) and Mistletoe.
17.In unicellular organisms, how is food taken in?
Answer: Through the entire body surface.
18.What are the finger-like projections inside the small intestine called?
Answer: Villi.
19.Which molecule is called the energy currency of the cell?
Answer: ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
20.If all alveolar surfaces are spread out, what area would they cover?
Answer: About 80 square meters.
21.Name the animal in which blood passes through the heart only once in a cycle.
Answer: Fish.
🔹 Short Answer Type Questions
1. Explain nutrition in Amoeba with a diagram.
Answer: Amoeba uses pseudopodia (temporary projections) to engulf food forming a
food vacuole. Digestion occurs inside it, nutrients are absorbed, and waste is expelled
outside.
2. What happens to the carbohydrates that are not immediately used after
photosynthesis? How is this similar in humans?
Answer:
○ Stored as starch in plants
○ In humans, extra glucose is stored as glycogen in liver/muscles
3. How is photosynthesis different in C₄ (crassulacean acid metabolism) plants like
succulents?
Answer: They fix CO₂ at night and complete photosynthesis during the day using stored
compounds.
4. Why is nitrogen essential for plants, and how do they absorb it?
Answer: For protein synthesis. They absorb it as nitrates/nitrites or from nitrogen-fixing
bacteria.
5. Differentiate between artery and vein:
Vein Artery
Carries blood to the heart Carries blood away from the heart
Mostly deoxygenated blood Mostly oxygenated blood
Lower pressure High pressure
Thin walls Thick elastic walls
Valves present Valves absent
6.
What is single circulation system? Give an example.
Answer: Blood passes through the heart once in one complete cycle. Example: Fish.
7. What are autotrophs? Draw labeled diagram of a leaf section.
Answer: Organisms that synthesize their own food using sunlight, water, and CO₂.
8. What is a fluid connective tissue? Mention its functions.
Answer: Blood is a fluid connective tissue.
Functions:
○ Transport of gases, nutrients, hormones
○ Temperature regulation
○ Defense and clotting
9. Explain nutrition in Paramecium.
Answer: Fixed oral groove helps ingest food via cilia movement; food vacuole digests it.
10.Why is intestine length different in herbivores and carnivores?
Answer:
○ Herbivores need long intestines for digesting cellulose.
○ Carnivores have shorter intestines as meat digestion is easier.
11.What is bile? How does it help in digestion?
Answer: Bile is secreted by the liver. It:
○ Neutralizes stomach acid
○ Emulsifies fats for enzyme action
12.What are two main features of human blood circulation?
Answer:
○ Double circulation
○ Separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
13.Explain structure of human heart with diagram.
Answer: Heart has 4 chambers – right/left atria, right/left ventricles. Valves prevent
backflow. Right side pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs; left side pumps oxygenated
blood to body.
14.Explain the three types of blood vessels.
Answer:
○ Arteries: Thick, carry blood from heart to body
○ Veins: Thin, carry blood from body to heart
○ Capillaries: One-cell thick, allow exchange of substances
15.What are heterotrophs? Name their types with examples.
Answer:
○ Herbivores: Cow
○ Carnivores: Lion
○ Saprophytes: Fungi
○ Parasites: Cuscuta, lice
○ Omnivores: Humans
16.What are villi? State their importance.
Answer:
Finger-like projections in small intestine.
○ Increase surface area
○ Rich in blood vessels
○ Help in absorption of nutrients