1 (a) Define the ohm.
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) A uniform wire has resistance 3.2 Ω. The wire has length 2.5 m and is made from metal of
resistivity 460 nΩ m.
Calculate the cross-sectional area of the wire.
cross-sectional area = ................................................... m2 [3]
(c) A cell of electromotive force (e.m.f.) E and internal resistance r is connected to a variable
resistor of resistance R, as shown in Fig. 7.1.
E
r
Fig. 7.1
The current in the circuit is I.
(i) State, in terms of energy, why the potential difference across the variable resistor is less
than the e.m.f. of the cell.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) State an expression for E in terms of I, R and r.
E = ......................................................... [1]
(iii) The resistance R of the variable resistor is changed so that it is equal to r.
Determine an expression, in terms of only E and r, for the power P dissipated in the
variable resistor.
P = ......................................................... [2]
(d) A battery of electromotive force (e.m.f.) 8.0 V and internal resistance r is connected to three
resistors X, Y and Z, as shown in Fig. 6.2.
8.0 V
r
X Z
0.49 A
0.45 A 16 Ω
Resistor Y has a resistance of 16 Ω. The current in resistor X is 0.49 A and the current in
resistor Y is 0.45 A.
Calculate:
(i) the current in the battery
current = ...................................................... A [1]
(ii) the internal resistance r of the battery.
(e) Resistor Z in Fig. 6.2 is replaced by a new resistor of smaller resistance.
State and explain the effect, if any, on the terminal potential difference of the battery.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
2(a) A wire of cross-sectional area A is made from metal of resistivity ρ. The wire is extended.
Assume that the volume V of the wire remains constant as it extends.
Show that the resistance R of the extending wire is inversely proportional to A2.
[2]
(b) A battery of electromotive force (e.m.f.) E and internal resistance r is connected to a variable
resistor of resistance R, as shown in Fig. 6.1.
E r
A I
Fig. 6.1
The current in the circuit is I.
Use Kirchhoff’s second law to show that
R= ( EI ) – r.
[1]
(c) An ammeter is used in the circuit in (c) to measure the current I as resistance R is varied.
1
Fig. 6.2 is a graph of R against .
I
6
R/Ω
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
1 –1
/A
I
–2
Fig. 6.2
(i) Use Fig. 6.2 to determine the power dissipated in the variable resistor when there is a
current of 2.0 A in the circuit.
power = ..................................................... W [3]
(ii) Use Fig. 6.2 and the equation in (c) to:
1. state the internal resistance r of the battery
r = ........................................................... Ω
2. determine the e.m.f. E of the battery.
E = ........................................................... V
[3]
[Total: 10]
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