Class 11 Computer Science Model Questions
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adityarajarya111Class 11 Computer Science Model Questions
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Powered by AIBus architecture, including address, data, and control buses, impacts data flow and system performance significantly. The address bus determines the location for data retrieval or storage, with a wider bus allowing more addressable memory. The data bus facilitates the flow of data between components, influencing speed directly proportional to its width. The control bus manages commands sent between the CPU and peripherals. Efficient bus architecture ensures optimal communication between the CPU, memory, and I/O devices, enhancing overall system performance and scalability .
Logic gates perform fundamental operations in digital circuits. The AND gate outputs true only if all inputs are true. The OR gate outputs true if at least one input is true. XOR outputs true when inputs differ, whereas XNOR outputs true when inputs are the same. Their truth tables define these relations: AND: (1,1->1), OR: (1,0->1), XOR: (1,0->1), XNOR: (1,1->1). These gates form the building blocks for complex circuits and computational logic .
An operating system manages computer resources such as the CPU, memory, and I/O devices, acting as an intermediary between users and the computer hardware. It enhances system performance by providing efficient scheduling of processes, managing memory distribution, and ensuring that different applications can operate concurrently without interfering with each other. The OS handles device drivers to communicate with hardware, manages storage to keep data organized and accessible, and ensures security by controlling access to resources .
To convert the decimal number 25 to binary, divide the number by 2 and record the remainder. Continue dividing the quotient by 2 until the quotient is zero. Write down the remainders in reverse order: 25 / 2 = 12 R1 12 / 2 = 6 R0 6 / 2 = 3 R0 3 / 2 = 1 R1 1 / 2 = 0 R1 Thus, the binary equivalent of decimal 25 is 11001 .
JPEG format is advantageous for photographs due to its balance of quality and compression, reducing file size without significantly compromising image quality. While PNG offers lossless compression, making it ideal for images with transparency, it results in larger files compared to JPEG. GIF is limited to 256 colors, more appropriate for simple graphics rather than photographs. BMP provides high quality but at a cost of substantial file size. JPEG thus remains optimal for efficient storage and web use of photographic content .
A computer architecture block diagram highlights the CPU, memory, and I/O systems. The CPU, comprised of the ALU and Control Unit, executes instructions and processes data. Memory stores instructions and data, essential for CPU operations. The I/O systems allow data exchange between the computer and external environments. Efficient collaboration among these components facilitates quick data access, timely execution of processes, and the overall functionality of computing tasks. Their orchestration determines the efficiency and speed of task processing within a computer system .
Preventing cybercrime requires a multifaceted approach, including maintaining strong, unique passwords, regular software updates to patch vulnerabilities, and using two-factor authentication. Implementing firewalls and anti-virus software can prevent unauthorized access and protect against malware. Educating users about phishing and social engineering tactics reduces susceptibility to attacks. Organizations should establish data encryption policies to secure sensitive information and conduct regular security audits to identify and mitigate risks .
CSS enhances web development through inline, internal, and external styles, each serving different purposes. Inline CSS applies styles directly within the HTML element, providing specific style only to that element. Internal CSS uses the <style> tag in the HTML header, useful for adding styles to a single HTML document. External CSS, contained in a separate .css file, applies styles across multiple web pages, enabling consistent styling and easy maintenance. This separation of style from content allows for cleaner HTML code, reusability, and reduced duplication .
The choice between do-while and while loops affects program structure and efficiency based on condition evaluation. A do-while loop executes the body at least once as the condition is checked after execution, which is useful when the loop must run at least once regardless of the condition. A while loop checks the condition first, making it ideal for zero or more iterations when precondition checks are essential. While loops are typically more efficient for scenarios requiring condition pre-checks, whereas do-while loops simplify code when at least one execution is guaranteed .
Volatile memory is temporary and requires power to maintain the stored information, with examples including RAM (Random Access Memory). Non-volatile memory retains data even when the power is turned off; examples include hard drives, SSDs (Solid State Drives), and flash memory. Volatile memory is faster, used for temporary data storage, while non-volatile memory is used for long-term data storage .