CHAPTER 1 (MATTER)
Class 6 science (Digital Assignment)
SCOPE OF SYLLABUS
• Types of matter
• Classification of matter
• Properties of matter
• Composition of matter
Introduction:
When we look around, we found a variety of things for example
plants,animals,rocks, water etc. All these things are of different sizes, colors, and
[Link] of them are living and others are nonliving. These things are made
up of different materials, for example, a bucket is made up of plastic.A chair is
made up of wood and a bag is made up of cloth.
A substance from which a thing is made is called material. Wood, plastic, and
cloth are materials. All these materials have mass and occupy space.
Anything that has mass and occupies space is called matter. All living and
nonliving things are made up of matter. Our body is also made up of matter. The
sun, stars, and planets are also matter as they occupy [Link],
substances that can be perceived by our senses also [Link] can see, touch,
feel, taste, or smell them for example air cannot be seen but its presence can be
felt therefore air is also a matter.
Classification of matter
1. Living matter: Matter that grows, moves, and reproduces on its own is
called living matter for example plants and animals are living matter.
2. Nonliving matter: Matter that does not grow,moves, or reproduce on its
own is called nonliving [Link] nonliving matter is of two types- natural
and man-made.
A. Natural matter: Matter that is found in nature is called natural matter, for
example, rock, water, air, and wood.
B. Human-made matter: Matter that is made by humans is called human-
made matter, for example, plastic, steel, nylon, glass, etc
Properties of matter:
All types of matter have two types of properties: They have
1. Mass: The quantity of matter contained in a thing is called its matter.
2. Occupy space: The space occupied by matter is called its volume.
Composition of matterThematter is made up of verysmall particles called
atoms. Atoms are the smallest particle that exhibits all the properties of matter
and does not have an independent existence.
Molecule:The smallest particle of matter that exhibits all the properties of
matter and has an independent existence is called a molecule.
For example, O+O →O2
An oxygen molecule is made up of two oxygen atoms.
A water molecule is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
Characteristics of particle of matter:
1. Particles of matter are very small in size.
2. Particles of matter are always in continuous random motion. It is because
they have kinetic energy. The continuous zig-zag motion of particles is
known as Brownian motion.
3. Particles of matter are held together by a force of attraction that exists
between them. This force is called the interparticle or intermolecular force
of attraction.
4. Particles of matter have spaces between them. The space between the
particles of matter is called interparticle or intermolecular space.
Brownian motion:Robert brown gave evidence for the existence of
Brownian motion in particle.
The continuous zig-zag motion of particles is known as Brownian motion.
Brownian motion is observed due to unbalanced bombardment on
particles by the molecules of the dispersion medium.
Cohesive force- is the force of attraction between the same kinds of
particles.
Adhesive force- is the force of attraction between different kinds of
particles.
States of matter:There are three states of matter: solid, liquid and gas.
Interconversion of states of matter:
Concept map for revision: