TOPIC 21

ĐẢO NGỮ - INVERSIONS

A. LÍ THUYẾT
Đảo ngữ là hình thức đảo ngược vị trí thông thường của chủ từ và động từ trong một câu, được dùng để
nhấn mạnh một thành phần hay ý nào đó trong câu.
Các dạng đảo ngữ:
Các dạng
STT Công thức Ví dụ
đảo ngữ
No/Not + N + Trợ động từ + S + Động từ Not a tear did she shed when the story
ended in a tragedy.
At no time = Never = Under/In no At no time did he suspect that his
circumstances girlfriend was an enemy spy.
(không bao giờ)
By no means By no means is she poor. She only
(hoàn toàn không) pretends to be.
For no reason For no reason will we surrender.
Các cụm (không vì lí do gì)
1
từ có NO
In no way In no way could I believe in a
(không sao có thể) ridiculous story.
On no condition = On no account + On no account should you be late for
Trợ động từ + S + Động từ the exam.
(dù bất cứ lí do gì cũng không)
No longer (không còn nữa) No longer does he make mistakes.
No where + Trợ động từ + S + Động từ No where can the keys be found.
(không nơi nào, không ở đâu)
Đảo ngữ Never, Rarely, Seldom, Little, Hardly, Little did he know the truth.
với các Scarcely, Barely,... + Aux – S - mainV Never in my life have I been in such
2
trạng từ an embarrassing situation.
phủ định
Only after S + V + Trợ động từ + S + V Only after I had left home did I
(chỉ sau khi) realize how important my family
played a role in my life.
Only after N + Trợ động từ + S + V Only after his father's retirement did
Đảo ngữ he take over the company.
3 (chỉ sau khi)
với ONLY
Only by V-ing + Trợ động từ + S + V Only by studying hard can you pass
(chỉ bằng cách) the exam.
Only if S + V + Trợ động từ + S + V Only if you promise to keep secret will
(chỉ nếu) I tell you about it.
 Only when S + V + Trợ động từ + S + V Only when you grow up can you
(chỉ khi) understand this matter.
Only with + N + trợ động từ + S + V (chỉ Only with your help can we manage.
với)
Only once/ Only later/ Only in this way/ Only once have I met her.
Only then + Trợ động từ + Chủ ngữ + Only later did I realize I was wrong.
Động từ
Hardly/barely/scarcely + had + S + Hardly had I gone to bed when the
Vp2 + when + S + V (quá khứ đơn) telephone rang.
Hardly
4 = No sooner + had + S + Vp2+ than + S + = No sooner had I gone to bed than
No sooner
V (quá khứ đơn) the telephone rang.
(Ngay khi/vừa mới... thì)
Not only Not only + Trợ động từ + Chủ ngữ + Not only does she sing beautifully but
5 … but Động từ + but also + Chủ ngữ + Động từ also she learns well.
also (không những... mà còn)
So + Tính từ + V + chủ ngữ + that + So beautiful is she that many boys run
clause after her.
So/Such ... Such + be + N + that + clause/ N + be + Her anger was such that she broke the
6
that such + that + clause vase.
(quá... đến nỗi mà) = Such was her anger that she broke
the vase.
Not until/till + Time/Time clause + Trợ Not until/till midnight did he come
Not until/ động từ + Chủ ngữ + Động từ home.
7
Not till (mãi đến khi) Not until/till I was 8 did I know how
to ride a bike.
Neither + Trợ động từ + Chủ ngữ + Động Neither is there excitement nor
8 Neither
từ entertainment in this small town.
Câu điều kiện loại 1: Should he come, please tell him to see
Should + S+V, V + O /S + will, can... + V me.
Câu điêu kiện loại 2: Were I you, I would apply for that job.
Đảo ngữ
Were S + (to V) + ..., S + would/could + V Were I to have enough money, I would
9 với câu
buy that car.
điều kiện
Câu điều kiện loại 3: Had the car in the front not stopped so
Had + S (not) + Vp2, S + would/could + suddenly, the accidents wouldn't have
have + Vp2 happened.
Although/even though/though S – V, S Although the exercise is difficult, the
+V boys can solve it.
10 Although = Much as + S + V, S + V = Much as the exercise is difficult, the
= No matter what + S + V, S + V hoặc No boys can solve it.
matter how + adj/adv + S + V, S + V = No matter how difficult the exercise
is, the boys can solve it.
= However + adj/adv + S + V = Adj/adv + = However difficult the exercise is, the
as/though + S + V, S + V
 Adj/ Adv – as/ though – S – be/ V, S2 – boys can solve it.
V2 = Difficult as the exercise is, the boys
can solve it.
11 NOR Nor + Trợ động từ + Chủ ngữ + Động từ He doesn't smoke, nor does he drink.
Đảo ngữ So/Neither + Trợ động từ + Chủ ngữ I can't sing well, neither can my sister.
12 có SO/ He loves football, so do I.
NEITHER
Đảo ngữ Adv of place + V + S Near my house is a bus stop.
với các
trạng từ
13 chỉ
phương
hướng/
nơi chốn
Đảo ngữ Cụm phân từ (V-ing/Vp2) + V + S Situated in the central mountains of
14 với cụm Alaska is a peak named Denali.
phân từ Coming first in the race was my sister.

B. BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG

Exercise 1: Viết lại câu sử dụng hình thức đảo ngữ
1. There is a temple on the top of the hill.
 On the top of the hill is a temple.
2. The flies are on the book.
 On the book are the flies.
3. Lombard Street is found in San Francisco.
Found in San Francisco is Lombard Street.
4. A man with a gun stood in the doorway.
In the doorway stood a man with a gun.
5. Although she is young, she knows a great deal.
 Young as/ though she is, she knows a great deal.
6. Although he studies hard, he makes little progress.
 Hard as he studies, he makes little progress.
7. If you were a fish, the cat would eat you.
 Were you a fish, the cat would eat you.
* If I lived near my parents’house, I would visit them very often.
=> Were I to live near my parents’house, I would visit them very often.
8. If your father had known this, he would have given you advice.
Had your father known this, he would have given you advice.
9. If you should need my help, phone me at once.
 Should you need my help, phone me at once.
Never, Rarely, Seldom, Little, Hardly, Scarcely, Barely,... + Aux – S - mainV
10. I've never been more insulted.
 Never have I been more insulted.
11. He seldom sees anything strange.
 Seldom does he see anything strange.
12. She rarely saw him looking so miserable.
 Rarely did she see him looking so miserable.
13. The man can hardly walk without a stick.
 Hardly can the man walk without a stick
14. She scarcely phones us after 9.00 p.m.
 Scarcely does she phone us after 9.00 p.m.
Not only + Trợ động từ + Chủ ngữ + Động từ + but also + Chủ ngữ + Động từ (không những... mà còn)
15. He not only studies well, but also he sings perfectly.
 Not only does he study well, but also he sings perfectly.
16. She is not only rich, but she is also beautiful.
 Not only is she rich, but she is also beautiful.
17. He didn't say a word.
 Not a word did he say.
18. He didn't give me a penny.
 No penny did he give me.
19. They little realized that Ted was a secret agent.
 Little did they realize that Ted was a secret agent.
20. I can't find my passport anywhere.
 Nowhere can I find my passport.

Exercise 2: Viết lại câu sử dụng hình thức đảo ngữ

1. He by no means intends to criticize your idea.
 By no means does he intend to criticize your idea.
2. I never suspect you.
 At no time do I suspect you.
3. I could in no way agree with you.
 In no way could I agree with you.
4. Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.
 No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.
5. I didn't wake up until 8 am today.
 Not until 8 am today did I wake up.
6. I didn't know him until I started to study English.
 Not until I started to study English did I know him.
7. He called me only when he needed help.
 Only when he needed help did he call me.
8. He neither has called on her nor will do so.
 Neither has he called on her nor will do so.
Anh ấy không gọi điện cho cô ấy cũng không có ý định làm vậy luôn.
9. You shouldn't go out late under any circumstances.
 Under no circumstances should you go out late.
10. This switch must be touched on no account.
 On no account must this switch be touched.
11. I understood the problem only then.
 Only then did I understand the problem.
12. We will be able to accomplish this great task only by hard work. (Adj – N)
 Only by working hard will we be able to accomplish this great task. (V-ing – adv.)
13. I didn't post it until later.
 Only later did I post it.
14. He came home only at midnight.
 Only at midnight did he come home.
15. The doctor was so angry that none of the nurses dared to utter.
 Such was the doctor’s anger that none of the nurses dared to utter
- Such – be – N that ………………………..
16. I can forgive you only if you tell me the truth.
 Only if you tell me the truth can I forgive you.
17. I realized that I'd seen the film before only after the film started.
 Only after the film started did I realize that I'd seen the film before
18. You can learn English well only in this way.
 Only in this way can you learn English well.
19. The film was so moving that I couldn't help crying.
 So moving was the film that I couldn't help crying.
20. If I learnt Russian, I would read a Russian book.
 Were I to learn Russian, I would read a Russian book.

Exercise 3: Chọn phương án đúng

Aux : am/is/are/was/were/has/have/had/ can/ will/ could/ would/must … do/does/did
1. Not only to determine the depth of the ocean floor, but it is also used to locate oil.
A. seismology is used B. using seismology C. is seismology used D. to use seismology
2. advised on what and how to prepare for the interview, he might have got the job.
A. Had he been B. If he had C. Unless he had been D. Were he to be
3. Not until 1856 across the Mississippi River.
A. the first bridge was built B. was the first bridge built
C. the first bridge built D. did the first bridge build
4. Only when you grow up, the truth.
A. you will know B. you know C. do you know D. will you know
5. Mozart was an accomplished compose while still a child.
A. Remarkable as/though it seems B. As it seems remarkable
C. No matter remarkable it seems D. Remarkable however it seem
6. * Out for a walk after she finished doing her homework.
A. did Mary go B. Mary went C. Mary did go D. went Mary
7. she could not say anything.
A. So upset was she that B. So upset was she
C. However upset was she that D. Therefore upset was she that
8. with my previous job, I would have won a higher promotion and I in this unfortunate
position now.
A. Unless I had stayed / am not B. If I stayed / would not be
C. If had I stayed / will not be D. Had I stayed / would not be
9. Not only to speak to him, but she also vowed never to see him again.
A. she refused B. did she refuse C. she did refuse D. when she refused
10. an emergency arise, call 911.
A. Should B. If C. Will D. Were
11. Nowhere in the northern section of the United States for growing citrus crops.
A. is there suitability of the climate B. where the climate is suitable
C. the climate is suitable D. is the climate suitable
12. Only after she had finished the course did she realize she a wrong choice.
A. had made B. has made C. had been making D. was making
13. Never him stand on the deserted station platform.
A. will I forget to see B. I will forget to see
C. will I forget seeing D. I will forget seeing
Don’t forget – to V
S – forget – Ving
14. The instructor blew his whistle and
A. off the runners were running B. off ran the runners
C. off were running the runners D. the runners runs off
15. Seldom far enough north to disturb South Pacific shipping lanes.
A. Antarctic icebergs will move B. will Antarctic icebergs move
C. will move Antarctic icebergs D. move Antarctic icebergs will
16. will China be the first to use nuclear weapons. (vũ khí hạt nhân)
A. At any time B. At no time C. At a time D. At one time
17. He listened so attentively that not a word
A. he had missed B. he missed C. he didn't miss D. did he miss
18. We spent nearly 3 hours waiting outside the station, then out
A. the star came B. did the star come C. came the star D. be the star coming
19. The African killer bees could not be handled safely, nor
A. their honey could be harvested B. harvested could their honey be
C. could not their honey be harvested D. could their honey be harvested
20. Down when he was passing under the tree.
A. an apple fall B. an apple fell C. did an apple fall D. fell an apple

Exercise 4: Chia dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc ở các dạng đảo ngữ
1. Not only they (buy) did they buy the house but also the car last year.
2. You (come) Should you come early, we'll start.
3. They (live) Were they to live in Australia now, they would go swimming.
4. Bob (not interfere) Had Bob not interfered in his sister' marital problems, there wouldn't have been
peace between them.
5. Hardly the doctor (fall) had the doctor fallen asleep when the telephone (wake) woke him up.
6. Only by working hard he (manage) did he manage to pass the exam.
7. No sooner he (return) had he returned from his walk than he (get) got down to writing the letter.
8. Only by (operate) operating immediately can you save your eyesight.
9. Only when they told me about it I (realize) did I realize what I had missed.
10. Only after a new pay offer the workers (call) did the workers call off the strike.
11. Only later the facts all (make) were the facts all made public.
12. Not until the bell rang he (finish) did he finish his work.
13. Rarely she (travel) does she travel more than fifty miles from her village.
14. Never in my life I (see) have I seen such a mess.
15. Only if everybody agreed I (accept) would I accept this position.

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