Time: Marks :

Date : Std : XIIth

TOPIC – SOLUTION

1. Give one example each of solid in gas and 12. How does Henry’s constant (KH) of a gas in a
liquid in gas solutions. particular solvent vary with temperature?

2. How is the molality of a solution different from 13. How is the solubility of gases in water related
its molarity? with their Henry’s constant at the same
pressure and temperature?
3. Which solution has higher concentration, 1
molar or 1 molal solution of the same solute? 14. Give reasons for the following:
Give reason. b) At higher altitudes, people suffer from
anoxia resulting in inability to think.
4. What do you mean by saying that the molality
of a solution is 0.1? 15. Why oxygen mixed with helium is used by
deep sea divers?
5. What is the relation between normality and
molarity of a given solution of H2SO4? 16. State Henry’s law and explain why are the
tanks used by scruba divers filled air are dilute
6. What is the sum of mole fractions of all the with helium (11.7% helium, 56.2% nitrogen
components in a three component system? and 32.1% oxygen)?

7. Why does the molality of a solution remain 17. Why does a solution of ethanol and
unchanged with temperature? cyclohexane show positive deviation from
Raoult’s law?
8. To what type of solution an alloy belongs?
Give one example of a solution of liquid in 18. What happen when acetone is added to pure
solid. ethanol?

9. Which out of molality, molarity and mole 19. Two liquids A and B on mixing produce a
fraction of a solution will remain unchanged on warm solution. Which type of deviation from
raising the temperature and why? Raoult’s law does it show?

10. Calculate the molality of H2SO4 if the density 20. What is the boiling point of an azeotrope of
of 10% (w/w) aqueous solution of H2SO4 is non-ideal solution showing positive deviations
1.84 g cm–3 as compared to the boiling points of its
(Molar mass of H2SO4 = 98 g mol–1). components?

11. How is it that alcohol and water are miscible in

all proportions?
21. When 50 mL of liquid A is mixed with 50 mL 34. What are isotonic solutions? Give one
of liquid B total volume of the solution after example.
mixing is found to be less than 100 mL. What
type of non-ideal solution is formed? 35. What is van’t Hoff equation for dilute
solution?
22. What type of azeotropic mixture will be
formed by a solution of acetone and 36. What do you expect to happen when Red
chloroform? Blood Corpuscles (RBC’s) are placed in
(i) 1% NaCl solution
23. Why is the vapour pressure of a solution of (ii) 0.5% NaCl solution?
glucose in water lower than that of water?
37. After removing the outer shell of two eggs in
24. Write the mathematical form of Raoult’s law dil. HCl, one is placed in distilled water and the
of relative lowering of vapour pressure. other is placed in a saturated solution of NaCl.
What will you observe and why?
25. 2 g each of the solutes A and B (Mol mass of
A > B) are dissolved separately in 20g each of 38. Why is freezing point depression of 0.1 M
the same solvent C. Which will show greater sodium chloride solution nearly twice that of
lowering of vapour pressure and why? 0.1 M glucose solution?

26. What will happen to the boiling point of a 39. Explain why equimolar aqueous solutions of
solution if the weight of the solute dissolved is sodium chloride and sodium sulphate are not
doubled but the weight of solvent taken is isotonic?
halved?
40. The experimentally determined molar mass for
27. Why is camphor preferred in the determination what type of substances is always lower than
of Tf? the true value when water is used as solvent.
Explain. Give one example of a such a
28. Two liquids A and B boil at 145oC and 190oC substance and one example of a substance
respectively. Which of them has higher vapour which does not show a large variation from the
pressure at 80oC ? true value.

29. Why boiling point of water is increased on 41. What would be the value of van’t Hoff factor
addition of sodium chloride into it? for dilute aqueous solution of K2SO4?

30. What freezes out when a solution of common 42. When is the value of van’t Hoff factor more
salt is cooled? than one?

31. What is de-icing agent? How does it work? 43. Give an example of a compound in which
hydrogen bonding results in the formation of a
32. Why does water from the soil rise to the top of dimer.
a tall tree?
44. Arrange the following solutions in increasing
33. What happens when a pressure greater than order of their van’t Hoff factor:
osmotic pressure is applied on the solution side 0.1 M CaCl2, 0.1 M KCl, 0.1 M Al2(SO4)3, 0.1
separated from the solvent by a semi- M C12H22O11
permeable membrane?
45. What is the van’t Hoff factor for a compound
T1
which undergoes tetramerisation in an organic
solvent?

Partial Pressure
T2
46. Between 2 M glucose solution and 1 M glucose
solution, which one has a lower freezing point? 60o
30o
47. Between 1 M glucose solution and 1 M NaCl x (Mole fraction)
solution which one will have higher boiling
point and why? 52. The osmotic pressure of a protein solution is
0.6 atm at 283 K. If the temperature of the
48. How much molar mass do you expect for NaCl solution is increased to room temperature (298
using colligative properties? (Assume K) and a few glasses of water are added to it to
complete dissociation) make it more dilute, the osmotic pressure
becomes 0.3 atm. Find the volume of the final
49. Why melting point of a substance is used as a solution in terms of initial volume of the
criterion for testing the purity of the substance. solution.

50. An experiment was carried out in the 53. (a) Nitrogen gas is soluble in water. At
laboratory to study the depression in freezing temperature 293 K, the value of KH is 76.48
point. 1 M aqueous solution of Al(NO3)3 and 1 kbar. How would the solubility of nitrogen
M aqueous solution of glucose were taken. vary (increase, decrease or remain the same) at
From the given figure, identify solution 1 and a temperature above 293 K.
solution 2. Give a plausible reason for your (b) Chloroform (b.p. 61.2oC) and acetone (b.p.
answer. 56oC) are mixed to from an azeotrope. The
mole fraction of acetone in this mixture is
nt A 0339. Predict whether the boiling point of the
o lve 1
B S ion- azeotrope formed will be (i) 60o C (ii) 64.5oC
ut
F Sol tion-2 or (iii) 54oC. Defend your answer with reason.
u
D Sol
Vapour Pressure

C
E
54. (a) A soda bottle will go flat (lose its fizz)
faster in Srinager than in Delhi. Is this
statement correct? Why or why not?
T2 T1 Tf (b) How does sugar help in increasing the
Temperature shelf life of the product ?

51. Aquatic animals feel more comfortable in cold 55. Answer the following questions:
water than warm water as the solubility of a) As 300 K, what is the relation between the
oxygen in cold water is more than that in warm osmotic pressure of two equimolar
water. The graph given here shows the solutions, one whose van’t Hoff factor is 2
solubility of oxygen in water as a function of 1
pressure at different temperatures T1 and T2. and for the other is ?
2
(i) Based on the given graph, calculate the ratio b) Which of the two aqueous solutions has a
of KH at T2. higher melting point?
(ii) Between T1 and T2 which one is greater and 2 molal glucose and 3 molal sucrose
why? solution? Why?
56. The graph of osmotic pressure versus (b) Which of the solutions is MOST LIKELY
concentration for the compound X is show in to be glucose, potassium sulphate, and
the figure. sodium chloride?
(i) Calculate the molecular weight of X. (c) Which of the solutions is expected to give
(ii) What will happen to the molecular weight a vapour pressure-mole fraction graph
of the same X if the temperature is increased similar to that of an acetone-chloroform
and why ? mixture? Give reason.
(Use R  8.31, T  300 K, tan 14o  249.3 
103) 59. (a) What is the effect of temperature on the
solubility of glucose in water?
Osmotic Pressure  (atm)

(b) Ibrahim collected a 10 mL each of fresh

water and ocean water. He observed that one
sample labeled “P” froze at 0oC while the other
“Q” at –1.3oC. Ibrahim forgot which of two,
“P” or “Q” was ocean water. Help him identify
which container contains ocean water, giving
 = 14o rationalization for your answer.
C (in g L1) (c) Calculate van’t Hoff factor for an aqueous
solution of K3[Fe(CN)6] if the degree of
57. Water vapour and liquid water are in dissociation () is 0.852. What will be boiling
equilibrium as shown in the figure. At room point of this solution if its concentration is 1
temperature, the vapour pressure of water is 25 molal?
mm Hg. The volume of water vapour is V. (Kb = 0.52 K kg/mol)
What will be the vapour pressure of water if
the volume of water vapour becomes 60. (a) What type of deviation from Raoult’s Law
(i) 2 V when the piston is moved upwards. is expected when phenol and aniline are mixed
(ii) V/2 when the piston is moved downward. with each other ? What change in the net
(iii) Explain the reason for your answer in each volume of the mixture is expected?
case. Graphically represent the deviation.
(b) The vapour pressure of pure water at a
certain temperature 23.80 mm Hg. If 0.1 mole
of a non-volatile non-electrolytic solute is
Water vapour dissolved in 100 g water, calculate the resultant
Liquid water
vapour pressure of the solution.

58. The relation between the osmotic pressure of

three solutions A, B and C is :
B  C
C  A
A  B
The three solutions have the same molarity and
are at the same temperature.
(a) For which of the solutions is the value of
‘i’ expected to be the greater? Give a
reason.