Geoporhy '- Univeue i= total matter ib called ontvense. Scientific study of Univesse is callect Cosrnolegy. Space i= Except east. Yemaintng matfen ib called Space Scientific Atay of space i callecl Astionerny Galaxy = Group of Stans. @) Cluiler of Stor is called Galoxy Sola System spaeaded in. Local Galaxy / Milky tay . — tosgest Know Eraloxy ALCYONEDS. : Stas = Sel$ luminovs body +8 called Sto SON TH tastom . Tt ts located in Milky Wey. Distana bio the Cun and the Eosth & 134M. Km Bositi pevilius Ak Appeelivs © @.an-3 ce) Proay position Neonest- position : Taly au Velouity mole: Veloctty less Ise M. km « [Link] Grucine of the Qn'r Tere ane F layow io “the Sun |. “Phets sphite. — Go00'c 2. Chyomo sphere — sat4o°e . 3. Transition layer - Stee 2-to,e00% 60,000C 4. Corona. — 2,540,000 % Nucleous — (le aer,Sun Chemical Composition Helium - 2.7% Remaining que — Motions of the Sun i- i. Rotation - 29/24 2. Revolution— 950 M Yeas [Casmic yee] — Sun ba Red Giarst [Geer end] > Boiler ctas.— Sivas sbeor [Dog stor]— Centermay Siras- steer — dosget known Alan — Uyseuti [200 times mote to that of oun 4un] —> Neosest sto: to the Ensittr afte the Sun — Foxima centart. —> Sun light tokes Emin +o seach the eadilK Sujac [min a0 sec], ale Z Etro. Rink - \ American Fesidest Ca - The Beast 2. American Presidert plane - Ay fee — IT 3. American Ruesiclrit Tenuste — Leaps 4. Rusta a “= Guys B Ondia . “Oe ea 6. Nuclean Fission — Atom Bonbs 7. Nucleas Fusion - Hy dowgen ‘Bombs ce Aug G - 1945 - Hivoshima(Tpan]— Little Bou 4. Aug9- 1948 — Nagasake [Topan}— Pat man 10. May 18 994 — Sadie Garcthi Govt — Smiling Bachs Bkron- L <— Badihe laughs — |ee EESSOT-CSZ”_—C Po, Muy Ws 13 ~ 1996 — Vazpat Govt — Operation shai/ Pokron- 2D ad Smiling Budho again | Aa pNE [Peaceful Nucleas explotion] | a Nucleax bombs htgheat- with Russia — Y BRO and feria = DH > Thdio with 6ST» YK- 2am + china — 50 iethan vith 6810-5 te aaa ee daL > Fonte 840, Tesael- 90 4. Accounts * Zaccoun’s 1. cer [Consolidated und of Indio] — 266 antic — Cental Govt + Stole Govt, Accounts with RET General Income adds 69 Keeps in “this account Genral expenditasu withdraws fem this aceourt 2. CFE [ Goritin gency fund of drdia] - 26 ourticle — Unjgicean expendi tune Riesident & Govenrux steleases 3. Pax [fable account of Indic] ace @onkde Small Savi Provident fund. Reseswe funds Fines , Keeps in this account. eelamertal oxights If. Pmerican Gmstitation — fev mental ducties I. Ruston Comtitution — finda Russia + Tndta = Brahma patra 4 Masco we vives Brohrmos missile - Planet '- Planet 0 Greek Wad BAL, Wandsstert. Gree centite Hedy was propored by Claude Lan 4im> He belowgs to ‘Reman dynaity . [Alexandria - Egypt] Equet— Giyk of Nite. Accencting he View Eos is the center, Rematuing plone and the Sun stevolwes anound it. Cleo AD) —> Helio Gobic tgesuy - (643 — Nicolus Coy nics [Poland] poopoted. “Thar sun is the Centre , yemaintug plarel oreveles axound Ft. x Auittie x Cebia — aig [45 vetlel ooo] Germany x Poland — 3A-"6 [ard voerld won] I> My Very Educated Mother Just Sewed Us Needles (To the sertence prom every a letter, we gek plane | Sdn from the Sun | Lex 1 roo wma + G+ It a 3 Oe JS UN mR 6 + @ Astroids ‘- Gatvaseren “Trey ase the pasilt of broken planet te) on famed plonds. There ow 49000 astroids . They axe spreaded tn bj Ios and Jupiler, “TReve axe 3 lGpes au aitvidse . '. Geibonaceeus 2. Metalic type 3. stony astercids —> lesgest odheid — Ceyus [1g01 Jan i Giuseppi Par dincouested, = vt 2 Dann [Nasa Space Crag expolewd) cers]abla ee 7 Jeno t _. Polo Pallas Las \ last Eros cee xalpana Chaat. Peyehe mille Nandini. Shonma Pygerion Based on Astroids planels clividect into 2 Poups Sonen Plana '- Fey ane in yoo Sun and Aétyoids. Made up Soltd pasticles. Fook» Uke Boat, (Tong of =*#) Also Knaion -Tenestrial plang. (2400 Geen) “Thay osu Mvem . Ouley Planeta i axe ‘ia bo. The planets iter Pritrotds. ose TSUN. Thuy e& They looks like Tugitey (Tustns Of Tupitey They ose Known Jovion plonets —> Based on easilh orbit: planets dividedl ‘nto AGS \. Taleriet planed a. Supeidt panel - Trfesddt plancls “They osu in eo Sun and easth orbit. “They an M,U,E Supertét. Plandls = lands oes easith orbit; cow called Super planets JS GSE, QSyT Case ‘ Thay aw M,T,S,0,N. keMereuny [rwetoetn | Fivst planet. Smalles planet. Closest planet’ to sthe Sun. God of Communication Temperotunes [-«s0 -to cuo"c] Rotation 94 days Revolution S¢ days — Lect srevolation planeé tn he Solon System. 58 [Link] Quoy fromm “the Sun. Shews Shows vith Swipiteat planet. Manin Space crap obsesved ~tate planet. (ars) Bepi Colombo (20an] Messenger (a0c0¢] Exha pine Lovden tons kiled by Seal [sea, afr, land] Helicopter — Stedth. Operation — eration Zevonima. [May W, 2003] pe aig House Of laden — Voxtvtsthan -Hoveli Lacatteel] laden Cancase dropped tw frablan Sea. 5 Operalion Rad Dé — Sastham Ussatir (ec, 13~2008] Addawas. > Operation Cacoon — \leerappam fis oct - 200%4f- KRT and TIN speacial Task fice. — > Cacoon— Silk vam eggs© \lenws ( hee] jog MeKen aay from the Sun, YY. of Caxbon Shows with O ant planet frem -the Sun. No Goeth tte les Revolves fem east ty west. Roman Gredless of hove- Goddess Beauliy D Rotation - aur days Etighest rotation planckin the a site] Roplution- 2ay.r days Malning Stan a Evening Venus temple on Tiber River Neonest- planet tp the Easit- [Tain of Eats} Nellow planet. Hell tn the Solas System. Boadise Tutte Sdan Siler — Eaalh Roaadise ow caith - Jammu v4 Kash Ranadise T the ocean— Grea bones ved Prustiolio Stan. Extyo_ potas '- Guilizottons | Nile Quen. — Egypt Civilization . sHwangho = — China Sarno cIndus — Indus valley Civilexation “Tiber - Es, ‘Roman Civilization Phrates Tigris — Sumeria Civilization (Branv-Trey) Rome bed Elemal cit st Of Seven hills ye pod Vatican ciby — Wemenlers courlyySamallest populated County Smallest Country AAD bachelors No childyen Roman Cathelic head Fope- Vatican aly jaal Ratloay Budgat” Great dividing yeast Trnperial “Banks Tdus Valley Civilezation WINCO [Wettiin India Match Gam pony | Eceith Tt is in Geoid shape [Sperical obladle speroicl| av planet fon Sun BT laagast” planet. Densest- planet. Cocumfenenca of the easith— 40,0418 km (yoorm kn] Diomety — 12,+46 Ken Radius - 6,338 km Eanth clemily — 51 qm/cmn* (59 gb) Slady casith- Greogra, pee of te casith — Geology ith suryocs — Climate — Clemerhas Mouritarms - Oval Ruew - Piney takes — dim Occanms — Greomét photogsTeck — — Felrology perth BO Blue Planet. Moon i” stady of moon Celindoyy Mon Size — th to tha of coxilf, Moon qrvitation ot pull - ath to thal of east. . No elihasphex cn moon due to tet gre pul There is no sky on meon. Sky Colour always black Mcon - Fasith diélana - 3¢4,400 km Reiger — necoest dittana ku moon ®. eaith. [2632 Apogee — foiithet « 0 “ “ fepeatcker] 2 Q moon comes vow neasier to the ensith is called Supexmoon. Super moon eord yoat Coined by Richard nole Super moon Causes “Tgurmi TBunaniis a@ Bpan wood, “Bu Port, Mami-Wave Submasine ecoithquakes ane called “Teunami's “Tunami & called —Aztpewlai tA Tamil. “Tsunami wastning center — Too beach [Hawai] * America Flag has Bl Stoo - These indicates 1 States SDOTWS — Indian Ocean Gunamiwlaswing Centex ~ Fragate Nagaor [+] PINIDC — Pacific Buramt Inoowing center - Forel bes Yawal > A004 —Dee~ 26- Kunami fin India [Baur t “TeancuniL oe — Banda freett. — Indonesia OPA “Kanami — ge “Te haku “unam TO ghest peak on “the Meow ~ Monshuyygene (19300 ot] Planes ow -the moon ~ Masua / fea Ke Malley om ta moon = GiratorsJ Rotation %» Revolution periods of tae moon ts Same — si days le can see only oe sie of moon vole” same Rok UL Rev. periods femperotasies — job" Nig kt Temperalous - 183°C Moon always changes ié shape. ee Creasant- BE Moon Halt meon — Giibbos “Teot oon — Full. moo — > AXpolo at — Neal Armsbeng Micheal poloes Ealoin Budge Aldrin Taly [le a ad)J— 1969 Daly @I- Moon Wolk - hy 34 min Pam coloids — al. keg. > Shangai- Chatna Space croft Chandvayan- = — Sadia. spacey Cfai") — a2-Ock — goog A8Tuly goig- Choncheyon IT I4Jaly a025- chandyo. yan 1 2088 - Chondhayon I. 1969 ‘- AS* Man foot on Mecon =ESRO Estd. — Bangalore — Aug 16th Madya senamed as —amilNodu Central Industrial seauily fee stootid Dado Sohrb failkte Ausand. Satidirced- E'”'S Man Books frieze Sadive Ganclht Nationaltad 14 aanks ead Bank Scheme. Rojacthant x prow ratl stovited. Jakhir Husain diel tw presiclerHas. post. Madhu bala cltecl (Famous hero) Tara pu nuclear power plant | \liswanacthan Anand Birth (ches mas) Buths X Deaths suegistrabion oct wal dalitudes'- , They oie imogivosyy Wines — They au Circles. = Sexeant inatyument ws 40 Know the latitucles — Disdance bw ony hoo latitides & 11 Kms — [alittle uses to know the distance from the equalin towards the poles . Equalesr i Cango sitver cuts equaben Gt twice tr ondia. Soles :- The equaten co lalitide & called equate st ate. cf . ye circle - > Re equatix bisects -the ecvitth tatwwo tro halves. 1. Notthusun hemisphusve & Souths hemi sphowe Fe Cancun as Nate latitude “Re Cane o3¢ North latitude is called Cancet TRE Caneen poses ‘thscugl 8 atates in India 1 Gagjariatte §- Thaakhand 2. Rajasthan (least clistana) 6 [lest Bengal SMP Coie distomee) 5. aeepvam 4. Chaltisqasth ‘ aS 7 3. Tatpura—> Mahi viver culs the Gnu twice in India. “The Caprice Wy South latitide is called Captor a> North pole 90° South pole “The ovtctic civele — G64 North latitude Antonclc ctrele + 66% South lahitnde- A Novth :- North pole QO South -- South pole Regions a Teroptcal Region “— (4A soto00) “he Region liesin bis the Cancer and Gopriccin & called Tropical Region. This segion steceives Uenticle Sun vices . that's why heavy temperatures prenails —> faddy %£ Q Tiepical Crop. Mango 8a Ropical pus Bonana, Pirsaprle, Avacado , papaya ele topical pasts Cocca chatelati Snduate,) |:, Rice , Carsore , maize, Sweet potato, Sophum , millet “Gopicat crops pesriaal Desert 5 The desestts Mies in bywo Canter and Caprica i called “Feroptcat duserk [is-36 altitades] Exr b Sahava — Agrica Clasigest- esent in the world] 2. Arebean deseit’- Soudi Arebia [Asia Continent | 3. kabhasi - Gotcano Country 4. Namib — lamibia Country ®. Nubian — Sudan 6. Thess — India, ak 4. Thal - fk &. Coltslan - fk 9. Mexico ~ Mexico to. Atacama - South America (elviest clesert J J Ly No arain fall chile, pom Courbvies Nitralés Comes from biel Gemnpost longest County Guotia (bird vomé] Extra points > Weds highest yatn fall - \laiyall ki (rape ocean -v Atacama dest — Gost 4207) Tndio's highest vain fall Massonyran (vegreley’] ~ Tndia lowest yatn Jalt- “Tacsalmeer (Rajastor Be Ind 7 Apa highest rain fall- Shabari (abet seethaFom Yoju datyick > Ward's lowest rain fall- Host ca [—> AP lowest yain fall - Hagari [Anantha pus district} ATsohuytes r dda g pod Boew : | | aseas Tschutes aare -the limes joining {Re equal Stainfall 4 e"'"7 $ > Rain fall measwus with Rain quage: > Tere ane 3 apes of stain -fall 1. Convectional stainall . Qa Orgraphic Osro' aphic vair-fall. 3. Cyclonic staingall. \. Convectional Rinfall :- Expansion of ci [iWasm gnound Sustface] Causes GnvecHonal stain-tall. | Ex> Rolakavi = Vevuvoko. _ Mango showers — Chasouy blossom — kala vaisaki ~ Notwestis: - Aandi - ap Telangana Hanala , TN , AP konnalaka— Coffee. lest Bengal - Jute. Assam - Tea OP - Segon cane — Govectional rainfall occurs tn Sndia— Apy, May 2. Oorcpraphic Rainfall > motte laiden winds ik -the mountainows seqion Boyaphic sain fall eccuns Webtion poals of Weitiow qhooits in — IniaPH jeitow posts ofr Rockys mourains— Mort Dmerten inlestiaon pail of Anclis mountains— Seuth America Eoitew pass of get dividing tango — Australia > above all opposite sages srecives no Hain fall due to Aubsidance 8b contyaction of aly cv Called Rain shacloo sregions & Semi deseils (9m te 4% em grain Salt) Exr chit to Puna Cthis stegion lies ia the easton part of weilom grata) —> fathsn of Check clams — Anna fazale 3. Gyelonic Rain Fall - —> D ocean watin “temperdlurus move than 66) 27° Cyclo nic yain Sall occuss = Cyclon a latin werd means Coil of Snake ( = Gyelon wald was Suggested by Henny pect ington — Tee is no cyclow formation neax the eguciler due te les Coriolis force. ‘Regional Names of “Tropical Cyclones Nawakt -— Japan Taifu = Japon Typhoon - China, “Japan Bahuis — — philéphinos Bagnas — Tndonasta Uily voll - Australia Cyclon — Rasy of Bengal & Hasicane — Cesmobian sea (west Tne) Whirl Wind —- USA landTornado = OSA vodtey Spott = — OSA une Cyclones - ~}emperval one formed due to Gollission of Tempe valor, cyclones Altenent air masses (warn x cold] | > “Temp cyclones also known os Froutal cyclones (e1) lave cyclones - - TeobaruZin fnverite — > Ovel shape tm tropical cyclones . A vahape in temp cyclones . Tso bans Teobass acu the lines joining on-the ensith. (Re Sama Bhara Rekhaly) Wind — > Hortzontal movement of Air called wind. — Wind velocity measuies vith Anemomelin — Wind direction measusus with ofnd wane (ed Robe (6) Cane. — > wind divection in fivpovls measwres with Bulllingly ne. — > Wind foce measuses with Bewfot Saale . the equal presune auas —> Tse one s types of winds - 1. Planetosuy winds 2. Monsoons winds 3. Local voincls ~Fropical Groslands \- Sovanval — — Abica Compo s - Brazil lanas ~ Venizula_ Astralian Sovennah — Auttrlta Bush veld — South Aprica * Cottle name — Zebu cattle house - cal —> Q Tse Tee FI biles cattle 4uffpurm "nag Wo, human being Supper prem Sleeping Sickness Postrolism ‘- Reoring Cattle on partusus cattle searing people ane \. masat — ja thanzenia Q. Kikiut = Kenya 3. Housa = Nigesio. (settled Cull valess ) —> Women Banks ane fn Tanzanio, Pals kiltmanzasto > Bhonciya Mahila Banke 19% nov 20's) 296% birt Ainriivewosey Ob Sncliva Gandhi HO&— Delhi iS Branch — Mumbai Mead in SBI on Apie QO. “Temperectiou region oe 3 We vegion Ite in bo canust and Arce @ cick, Coptiten ond Arntasctic clrcle % called -lemp region > Ts Segion steceives inclined Aun stases Tit 4ohy Medium -femp — psuvails Wheat = “eeap coat Rabi craft Wintey craft> 3 ‘pes of wheal C) winless wheal @ Spring wheat @ Mecront whet HV vosticties HYV [high yfelding voscietes] Sonalika Sonevor Sanboti lesuma Chokt lerma. ONO Sojeth DB HD leamugja norin, Wheat Geomaphical Atequtvements loam Svils [Alurintum 4sand] Temperaliaw “- Q0 t anc [14-18%] Rainfall ‘1 + Focm. | > Wald lorgeit producs cheat —> I. china, 2. Indio —. Fane = Mets 6. Australia. q Russia > beaut produces wheat tn Sndia \. OF 4. MP 2 Punjab 8. Rajasthan 3. Hosyana 6. Gujoonct, ne impetton@® in ap (kuanect] > biheak mererch confer — Kasra (Haryane] — > Shifting sand dunes as caited clhytan — > Fah watir lakes acu called Oasis —> Wald largat casis - Al Asha [Soudi Arebia] r wat Right date palm “lows_5 Salt walisr takes ov called - Playa. | —s deogest playa im the voctll ~ Salam Deduyuni (Bolevia] “LT = lesgest plays in Sndia.- chilaka, lard lakedl Country 2 lasget lake tn the wild - Caspfan sea [Russia % Ton] dongs salt voalin also Caspian Sea a5 hoxgat Fehr walin lake in wold - Superior (os) tosigest Fesh wath lake in Tndia- Wala [Tv] losigest Salt wali laki fn Thdia- Chilaka [odissa] Samban (Raj asthor) — Highest lake inthe weld — Titicaca (Boltvia- South Arr) Jowest lake fn the wétld - Dead sea [sreal & Ralasting) > Dying Sea is Dead Sea Duing ocean - fackgic — Ocean Salinity — 3n/oo Highest Solinity takesin “the wodtll — 0) Lake van (tery fe Sus/oo (a) Dead Sea — 230/00 @) Utah (Amenica)— 22/00 “Lsohalines = Tsohaltnes osu the tines jotring the equal salinity Suar (Kdowssovd Fa) Desatrvization '- Gonvestting ocean walin ‘into push coats —> Gall water content fn the ocean seater i called Saintly Vanished Sea - Ayal sea Lasia- Fuso pe] Deopest lake in tne wold - Baikal Rusia Ci-ekm)HoMES — Jakes H— Hevan O- Orkario S- Supertch M- Michigan e- EW —> “Thee axe also Known as great lakes , Finger lacks aitbbon fakes —s The ttne Seponales sa and Canada yA panalle/ Saint dowvence vives Rises in bao Evt and ontastio lakes - TN asta waltnfall across Saint Lawrence vive . Toustist panactice , Honeymoon postadise . \iictovia unttersall = yo Across zombegt sriven tn bjs Zombia [zimbabwe viva | 1408 mets width —> TRH & a Wwelld largest Watinfall. (lend highest: vootinfall — aa (Kerepakutat men] ame — 444 melos Thdia's Wighest vookmpall — kunchikal (uss m) Voahi riven “Tempe valu Groslancls — > A blade likes substance eaten by stumnanth is called oss. | —> Regfonat homes of temp povslands » Taaives - Noth Amesiica Steppelu ~ (Euswpe + Asiol] Cunesia: Pagicland - Newzdand 2. Pornpaas — Argentina [land of cattle] gth laagait Guin 3 “Wwhoz - Hong q. Nild — South aprica =. Downs - Auitralia G 4.ra Jaoivtes — Gvonasiies of the world . Bread Roskel of tha vodtlel Never Nevest land ttheak bout of the wool Ukrain Bread Baste of Eusope 3S meadows - stands — Stations — Estancias (60,000 - 3,00,000 hectaww) _»y Estarcios can be divided into paddock - _> Meal Industries in paddocks one called Frigentico Mixed Raa - Mesbizo (8) Giahuchu > Quboanco [ree secre tan tn to soften hides Hose fuitralia + noted 58 sheep aaning. & Sheep stosting people om called Jakavoo dand of golden Fluce Weld highed woed producing aheep maxino Rao in Auitiolia :- ‘Daniling Murram bsyefoe tis rivers in Puitralia . Musnay “Topical Deseita in Duatralia 1- Gibson Sten psow Vickoita, Grreak Prustraltow duscouls Stuand Stusasit “Tanamé KA unis vock changes colours ceesteling ky climate orula Konda—> Auakalia dndiigenious people ane Bindubu ce) pbagunds —> Binduba's Hunk Kanganocs voith Boomevan — dand of eucalyplis (a fontest powing plant} isk fostesk qeorsing plant ~ Barnboo —> Lard of Kangaroes hand of living Fosse ( Paleontology) | — T knew the age ofr fosstls— Canbow lating rielhed => Coston dating method was discovened by Loilland. frank. — 1960 nobel prize | dtbby — lays — Toland Gntinent While Continent Urkon Continent Desext Continent free fem easithquakes wt Volanos bate 4S paper Industry in Sadia stosited at Seno fntroduced by william Caster —> a4 Balle gent nean Kolkata . 534 Bhodavell co) Mysse 0956) — INT (heomatate) — Josgest popes producing Stalés in Thdia 1. Mahanastra CRA) 4, Mp a. AP (13%) 5. Cdisca 3 kKannataka (748) — > Govt of India declasted papen Tribiy os Core Srduity isk paper produced in China (tx 3] ys paper CavIency jnbioduad Chine. 4d144- pit per natfonalized . Natturam godse & nastayan Hople hanged in Ambala. ja sale haleal _Teatperar Men ed in Todia, Kastachi, agrement bfuo ‘India B fak CRPF Police Ack aw Ack seg ulatien Ack Pet ot actount dé 0. Banking wt Tneunency Company Ack . Sesayint natdu died \ pcoks — “he golden -thaeshold. To the baxcansop Hyd - Sooner Tsland - —>A land body & being Sosaoun ded bg AtL sides of wb is Called island > Joogal land > Gueen land CDenmask) > Group of islands ase called — Aychipelago Indonesia (Malay) — tasgest- Archipelago in the weld - oh i (000° islands — > afd tlands in the weld. Monson > Monsoon deriveded from fhabte wad Maesin > mausim means Season > Ualinds blows accarding tO Seasons that!s they one called momeons cohy| > Trltan climate & tropical menseen clémacta , \ — Indian average main fall % 18cm. Causes $0 monsoon’s in Tndio 1- \ {. San movement i 8. x 1cz (itn tropical Gonvengence zon] | 3. Trek plateau G. Tee sheam | > Thdton climake dtvided tanto 4 Seasoms \ Sammen — Mo} to Tans | South usek mensoon Seaton — June eo Sep North east mnowsdon Season — Sep ty Rec - ” — pec f mych winter |) 5 Guth wat monsoon touches kerala en iS Jane and \ greaches north vost India on in Joly. | sy Todta receivers most of the raingall from Soukhvocst mnonsooms - Bs North east mon soo stain fall occurs Oven Coromandel Cost (Rayabseema , nellede) Grupatt , tamt(nadu) — 3 Monsoon's Withdraws kuom India on an’ Dec main Thdia A Jan Andaman [North eask monsoen] 5 Elrtno 0 spanish weed means Chrid chest. Elnino t& o fow premune fm Southeast pacthie marche pow countries - } —> Ty Elnino oc causes dooughts tr cndio —> Opp to Elatao- LaNrna (High presses) > Monex experiment Conducted by tnd et Russian in Sndian oceanOctober heat emprsoow ott draws from Indlta-tem e rat is called october heak p raises ilettinly disteBaes dowes movels from medityadian Sea towands novth wat Gndia & called voedeney dbstabencs doo *- Ilaxm wi east monsoon causes fo prensune in ndy iw novttr west india —> north Australia — > Tankay — Sickman of Europe Tibet! - Rook the vodld Cpamil plateau) —> Khosu Crafts - Tune te ode - Reddy Cotton Pulses, cilseeds , Tower, Rajya , maize Raagi —> Robhi craks — Nov to march - Wheak, Banlie ;mutand , yom CRojasthan , me,UP)» Hnseed , Rope seed, goskic » Casiandg , potato » onton > Raid craks — Masich to mary — Rampkine Negetaleles entnsalar o- = A land body is hefng Susecuncded oy there side wale, one side land is called Peninsula ™ Waid losigeat Peninsulas — A) Avebian pentnsalan ©) India china penivsilar ® Indian peninsular ™ Travan peninsulan adea is 16 lakhs— ket made up ob granile and 4 neiss ~ . Thdian peninsulan titled tovoancls east. EeOS —> latitudinal extent - Su ad NL. : ' 5 One of the oldest and Aable peninsulan in thw weld > Path aslraih conned india and Srilanka 7 Rama Sethu 8) Adoms Bridge ts tm palk shat connec Ramencatam and thalaimanna — > Pomban island ton Rama gethu- —> Dugong i a Sea cov Tomes tir pak strait (nm) Mannas get — The river enlives into palk shait & Yoget Tiven Westean Ghats '- Also knew as Sohyodos. mountains — Weitem Ghats runs along the uxct Coast from Kondhes to Kanyokumosei upto Goa thay cote med Op of love. aft Goa thay ane made ap of metamaphie rocks . Nilagis Moustains 1- also known as Blue mountains [kuvumet Howers} 5 Nilagivt highesk peas ~ Doda betta, (263m) — Ooly & Udakamandalam cpreadded oven dodo betta —> -Teuibes adu toda, Bedage ; rula —7 loos the Sarmous Shake Catches of te weld —> “Fikes — kotas, kuvumbas , Pariyos ) kattunay aks — > Thdusthan Photo tilm frsthide extablished on Nilague mou ntosins J Dpdro Ochy - Arcku CAlwi cztha Raama Dist)ves Donamalai mountains °— 5 They spreaded fn the sufh of Nilagivt mountains glen kmour a3 Elephant than hills Ds geste peak %& Bnnafmudé (2615) 2 Tis & South india’s highest peal Cardaman hills -— 5 Spreaced ww the South of Annamalai mountatws roled be Casidamen craft 5 Cosdamon Queen of © patter - —> Repper ta King of Spicies. —> Spice howl of tha roaild - kerala - — > fand of clove- zanziban fslands , clove isbud Palani hills - —Spaeaded tw the north east of Pnaralat hills > Highest peak is Vandharavu > Kodoikonal Spreaded over the polans hills > Andheo Kodai Kanal - Holey Hills CArmanaypy cs) modana palt “Tea “= ~Thetne & in tea eaves. Tr Ga Alkaloid TH & bush tea bushes are two Q Assamika @ Bho Based on Proses Grtypes of tea Green tea — china — Contain todine - Qoiter ches On nro nodules} Black tea-~ Eqyo ceBrick tea = Racsia Dalong fea iwan Veba — South America Nelloo bea - Thdtca. Geographical arequiire merits ‘- (Tea) > 2aoto 36 femps —> more than [5b cm gainfall — Acidic soils cle Letly _-> Pruning should be srepuloaliy to ot the high yields — > move than 100i above meansea level hill Scopes lad lasgest produce :- China, India , Komaya , Gailanka Thadia lasigest- produces fscam , Susima, Dasijeelé » Nilageat ma jeeling Gok) N agivi CEN) { Best tea, — no lea Cultwation in AP —> +tea canns youlgn exchange algo called Green god — ta rar discovered by chin hung of chtna tn ada BC in Yangze sive valli. Mahanadhi. ‘> sifses at Sthava * Dandakosanyam — Ratpun dub Che isgesth + lengla of Mehanadhi — m5 ken ¥ Erlevs {AO sea cattack Cediesa) Eep, omgs tel, Sheonath , “Tarawa, -Hasdeo, ani sk Wald Longest dom Hirakud cag Giuats)Fae weld [asgest clam thstee_get acros. e s aniven (chens] re * eg y Werld (orgesk morsonany Dam Nagamjuna agar [kote hna oniwes) i e Werld loaxgest Goncrelé clam pad Conli — Usa x Trdia largest dam Bakra nangal across chinabriven (pimachal pradesh Schedules > zt 8 aalés & S Union Tewnritties T— Salasies n> Cctv Wo Stote Repatescitaion Rojga Sabha Ww sc Ma st WW Cevisfon— Contral, State, Gncuoaent list Ww languages = land ge fei KE Arle Defection fas Bo Rochayitis [245 Article] i Utban sodlres Ba? Ontginad Consthition having gz pchecdluls only. Gocdhavasd “River i- Secemd longest B langest atver In Ineliq — sises at tyiambatam platean, Nashik dishichs Mohasa sity—> total length 146m Km — also known as Dhakshina Ganga Nod dha Ganga Tndian Rhine | The livahana fetes: | > dn AP iB length & aD km Th enteys into AP at Busxqham had — Gedowsrt enters into Sea at Rendamur lanka tn hk Yanaam and Nossapusy — Gedhavos: eplite into + Channels © Gosthami cs) Bharadkoafr ©) Nasiste @) Koustka @ Acractheaya A Aithereya w “Thulya Godhavesi Tobatanuies — CD Rranahita e)Vain gong c) Manjeeva O \clanctha 0) Cabhasd @) Kfnnenasant @) Pain GrFX — @ Seales i) Rapagni. — > Konaseema-honticultune bout of AP “Ws aso. in blo Gedavasi channels. > Hil piba Ba delitious fr. in Godhavast srivan mouth Frntanctica ‘- — loneliest Gonkinerst Highest Continent Qe te Continont qt lacks ~ lambeng bet peak = winon masiff“¢, Only sh — Cribus Delicious Hh - teil Research Steitions i Dotanctic hin Gang sthoui = 6 Tan-1984 a) Phaks @) Mythed — Jan — 1989 (3) Bhaxali — 18 Max - 2012. —> Ankosnckica, ocean also Known a+ Sodhaxan Ocean —> Growp Penguins — Roe kwuies 5 Cold exinds in Aritanictica ~ katabakic voinds frckca. Mimadet - Research Afation tn tclond] Soret cd (Nevocy , swalbernd Started Toby ~1S 9008. —> Prctica seed wallet — Swosil bard (Nawoay {9 Jans opened ~ 26- Feb ~ S006 J > Sa band ¢s) INS Kadarnba i = & anovy Reseach ceatre (kw Tt) Krishna Rewer i- ~ Setana dtst. (Makaxaitio] — Rises ak Iane length = jlo km — Eilers into Sea at Homsala Deevi [Bay oF Benge) Keishna siiven affe crossing ufjearyarooda it Spltts into too chanwels “The cua bho these Channels Os called diviseema - > Diviceema faced at stom susge in (qaaa > > Moranji Desai became prime minister > Nehru planitdiium ctostedt . —> M& Ramachandsa became chief minisls of TN. i indasty policy announced —D Emergency waas offictally withdhanon. > 1948 - T industyial policy — Mixed economy 456 — IL " no Heavy industries Q1I- Mk n= Renal Cottage B Village tras Erics 190 — DW u MD rde Mixed 4 Erie» vale heavy ~»® Small. s “= LPe (Hbeabizaken, Raivikizalin , Gilobalzaticn] —> Cylinden — Butane osatte leg hte: — Sutane Cow dung ~ méthane (Green bouse qe) Pe _ Liquitied pétvo lium ~ Krishna. Tavbatosies 1— w Bunga Bodlhya (5) Ghate prabhal &) Bheema (©) Malo prabhal @ keyana a Chey CG) Must mune ®) Budamenu. Krishna Dams :— @) Alamalti (KND @) Priya doowhini (zestala , Mahaboo ba nage) (3) Handy neeva CHa bodaa nage)a) Telugr ganqe Cas nool) |) Botiraldy pode Cn? @) Syisailam Cw) (a) Nagosyjuna Segan (Nalgene) @ KL Rao) Pulechitala ( Palnadwd (® Prakashan baonage Cuijayavoacka) Rona Rin —> Rises ak Nardhi Dorga hills Ckasnakaka) —= aya trowalling BI Kms il de bouches 7F walkin in Bay ok Bengal ak Ubbukun , Nelle — > Rnna also knaon as Pinoktini/ Pennants Rna-tributaaies ‘- Chitrovathé , Tayamangal, Fapagni 7 Cheyyuree * Rightside Bonk tyrbutesies = kudin, Sagi — lege cide bank bributanies Dulsicls coco. gai, -Anan thopus , Kadapa, Nellore “Towana'- Hindupus, Ananthapur » tadipatni, Prodthuctumu , Kade kadapa, y mele , Chikballa pur Gowri Vidanvtt: Frojeck, S- Sama silo — Tonnavade Kamat Jemple > Nelle thermal powrert Station . | — Koywun Sugon focleny - | [BeKoved Raut t- Ganga of South . Rives at tRala Kavevt total length 00 kr - Ending place = Kaveri palram hasin ~ S115 <[Link]. “Tent buctaoutes ‘~ , Hasange hemavakt , Shinwa , Arkavathy , Somponga , trarrani Cleft side) — Jakshmana ‘Teerta, Kabint, bhavani, noyyal , Amaravakt moyan C Regt side) Dams i- —> Mettun (1) Standle. Wabmpalls “- Shiva Samudyam (41 mts) Hogenakkal atinfall (20 mts) Bit place ethiopia. , Kapha dibick, Abjsinia Plateau , Shana districk “Type. of Coleet- Arobica , Mobusta , libenica Coffee verconch nie — Mang alee Coffee boas — Rangalre —> Coffer sregaitiy eme| - }. 20-30 tem 2. mote than Iho cm ‘rounpall 3. well trained loamey sot, &. Chaded treesee > Wed longest pyoducera (Coffer) a 5. Sndonasio 2. Vietram 6. UOsencla. 3. KQolombia + ne Pesan * Eiopia 8. Tndto — Tndta's lasrges- roe P Cems ( Loffee) - () Kasmataka ‘ft ®. Kerala ®) Tarn? | mace — Apps lasrgest produce - FArroku pada puxam (Allust district] Hevly Hk (Anda mayyo dust —Medhana al | — Corte pot boust of the vodld — Brazil Copper plantations aow Called Frazandlas . Coppine Plenlaid in Cojfee beansg\2\2s Glow Dreustiy (4H)! Penezabsd Cur) Begom - Kannalaka £€ — Rettilézer Trcuiby — 5) o> Sindy? — Brhas Gorakpur — OP Ramagundam — Telangana. TRalchur — odissa —> Aenodans Trduilr enroreren lta — Bangaline Konpus — OP (k Googo plans’ Lucknow — UP [Instruments of planes} “Hyduraboadd - Ts (rg “Higlsts elechonic qoots] kovoput — Odlissa [rig +leglt engines] Nasik Mabenasire (rig atx frame] —> loc Industry ‘ESerio. Laklca Sngeck Chota. Nagpus — rankhanel Meghalaya. Wat Berga Odissn mp. ~~ Spoils Prduary - Meerut — OP | Cialktoak — fak [> Match Induiby - Ga | Ohmadakad~ Sujanct (1921) plestenn India match CompanyEE '~! oo, | som mately Company inlood usec Fer manu fackrating Match Atick 1. Aspen 2 foplasx 3. Bambod nu. white pine 5 These Alics Soaker ed Ae made ‘4? Sel pre Ls ulphide uses Pramoniun Phosphate , Red phospho, iw owdin ts also wed, John walkin > Match coos Invented induatiy te prevelent tv Fomi(Nedu, Gupat ty pee —> For Friction Gla Pp th, 18ae by — > Match Boereily (vp) Kovilpatt, Satter . Ambosinath = MH. Tena % Kolketa — WEB. * Duby — Assam x Madar — TN * Wonangel - cecundurabod - TS —» Tretia. precluces wld lasrgest match. boxes — > hectthuse Dodualry - Kanpun — UP Todpus. — mH ~s ‘ caper house ted Corn ts tke largest lectthuse qu pong t duce — TN > hosigest animal Akin PO > Losigest lead prodtscing county = Chine—s Tron & Steel Thduily i | Five Tron a Steel Sndustry estd dt — Byte Nova | But yk was a abditive industry (nea chennai) —> Small industries estel at — kulti (1840) ~ | ~ Businpust 442 | — Hiva pan ISCO - AsanSol FISCO— Thdlan Grown and atect Gompory — Miswes wasrasgya. (Badnovathi}— usa = Roi& Martha 1983 + Company Gopexration . | <> Choncol based industry —_ Biloy = Chattisqoah —\qm9- USSR — Roustula— Odista = 1aBG- Were Germany Krooks »% Demang Gorm pamy 7 Peagopan — Weak Bengal 19 - UR Cacperation . —? Beano — Frantchand — 164 ~ USSR — Rostriye Dspuith Nfgom Kd — oussre — Iq+Q Renamed a» Wishaka sted plant in pea Amabasadd — PV Sinthu — > Tincthal slecl — Kasinatake ~ Privale Snduatiy — Slam = Tamilnadu — Surgical Steel |—> “Tata Dron w chee * [1907- 19812) Stedted fn Thamched. CU. Gonvesdect into city Bhramhant' cleels _ Koda pa _ — Phan cleel - odissa Tnlusly Crisco) — 4q0.0-—_—_ ©. 5 kaling onag om - Odisse ae BS Ratnagivé ae Mes - tals pueichasecl koves Gampany in Brazil 5 World loogest- Steel industry — Aysellor | Guxernberg Cuhlny) Cotto cTextile Lncluitiy - Gittow ice a Gitton— Fore of fam of Cellulose Gton Comes from uit ball | ball Cotton — \=t0 kilos > Cotton sieseancl Center - Nagpur (ravi Am ee —5 Colton swscastch conf in AP— Norndly ala 5 Gatton Seeds called -§ Binda L cases fet Mitel cattle — Based on Shength, length, Shintug, teow ant 5 Types of Cotten Fesy 1. bon stole cottow ~— Move than 24mm — Coo. island Goth» le Coton — (au— astmm) — American vplandteton a, Medium Stal 3, short ckade catton— lew thon amm iad Geegpaphical seq siyementé_ | Block soils (Q0- 30) 4emp WD-loocm rain-falls B10 Fost Fee dows (oar) > Word ok Colton producers — china, Tnde, Brazel, USA casi) . Gujork, MH 034) J Trdio's langest Cotlon producers ~ TS, AP, ENT, Honyara, MP, PI odisso.—> At's loogest Colon produces — Guatun, Pabkashen —> Cotton Textile Industry *- —> jst textile Tndudhy — Ror Gilacter Cig) But Ttasas abakive Industry. —> Median Textile Tadushy — 19p4 — CN Dewar — Mumbai started. — Mumboi (9) Galeway of Trdio () Seven feland city (sal Setty) Co) Cotton police of India B® Grane capital of India Reason 82 Cotten Industry development in Mesmrb ai G). Fasly staat, © “Wamportation * @) Humid climah (H) Black Soils @) skflled Labour © Fort focttities —> Manchester of India- Ahmadabad (flat land) u of East — Kon pur of AP — Vishaka - of Sith — Coim baths of Chin o- Shangoi of Japan ~ Osaka, 2 MH — etek Clath TN — ThreadETSI NS eo {aleolen Tadustiy _-> Due te Topical _climalé uooolen industry. did pica __Cimale. not developed tap pedy ‘in India "1 1SFwoolen ndutry - Kanpum - 1s46- dalimbli 7 Rinjab — Aenvistar [Gelder Temple} Destioal | Judi ak, place MH - Mumboi — isF place OP — Kanpyt Mivapur, Agra Gujert — Tarmnagar . Bancda .Phmadabad KNT - ae W@ - Kolkeita TERK — Stina gen Sik Todustry = There 4 Types of Silk 1. Malbasi — Kaznatake 2. Tezo -— MP 3. Eni — fisSamn 4 Muga — -RNitar = 1" modem silk induitiy ettel at -Houva (16) Muséte - KNT Srinagar - tek Wananasi- OP Kanchipuxam - sanzevun (TR) Dhaamaveram- AP Uppada — kKD (AP) Gedwala - Mehabeob nagan (TS) * Bagal pus — Bheedhar Rechampalli. Bihan Bhowdhan fochampall: — Yedladsri ge - 3s