Electrical Engineering 215 Quiz: 100 Q&A

Q: Discuss the relationship between reverse biasing and capacitance in a PN junction diode and the implications for circuit design.

As a reverse bias increases in a PN junction diode, the depletion region widens, which typically decreases the capacitance. This inverse relationship between capacitance and reverse bias voltage needs careful consideration in high frequency circuit design, as increased bias for electronic tuning may limit capacitance and thus, frequency response. Engineering circuits with predictable capacitance requires balancing reverse bias without excessively affecting diode performance .

Q: What conditions are needed for a Zener diode to regulate voltage effectively, and how is it connected in circuits?

A Zener diode regulates voltage effectively when reverse biased and biased to a voltage greater than the Zener breakdown voltage, causing it to operate in the breakdown region where it maintains a constant output voltage regardless of variations in input voltage or load current . It is typically connected in parallel with the load in a circuit to ensure it maintains this constant voltage .

Q: How does an induction meter measure energy and what role does the rotating disc play in its functionality?

An induction meter measures electric energy by inducing electromagnetic fields through coils that create eddy currents in a rotating aluminum disc. The interaction of these eddy currents with the magnetic fields applies a torque proportional to the power consumed, turning the disc. The speed of rotation is proportional to the power consumption, enabling the recording of energy use over time, commonly measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh).

Q: What are the production differences between using gallium and traditional materials in semiconductors?

Gallium, unlike traditional silicon-doped semiconductors, provides alternative electronic properties due to its differing electron configuration. It is not used as often as silicon or phosphorus in creating the anode (n+) because it does not contribute to the typical P-N junction's efficacy of controlling electron flow. Instead, gallium can be used for optoelectronic semiconductors like LEDs where specific properties like band gap energy are essential .

Q: Why is silicon preferred for use in manufacturing power diodes and how does its characteristics compare to other materials?

Silicon is preferred in manufacturing power diodes primarily because it requires a higher doping level, which gives it superior temperature and current capacity compared to other materials like germanium . Silicon's capability to withstand higher temperatures and currents makes it ideal for high power applications, whereas materials like germanium may have lower breakdown voltages .

Q: Evaluate the advantages of using a Schottky diode in high-frequency rectifier applications.

Schottky diodes are advantageous in high-frequency rectifier applications due to their low forward voltage drop and fast switching speed. This low forward drop leads to decreased power losses, vital for efficiency in high-frequency settings. Their swift switching capabilities reduce response time in AC-DC conversion processes, minimizing heat generation and improving overall performance in power supplies and RF applications .

Q: Explain the purpose of a flywheel diode across inductive loads like relays or solenoids and its operational mechanism.

A flywheel diode, also known as a freewheeling diode, is placed in parallel across an inductive load, such as relays or solenoids, to dissipate the back emf generated when the inductive load is switched off by a transistor. This back emf results from the collapsing magnetic field and can damage components if not properly controlled. The flywheel diode provides a path for the induced current, absorbing the energy and preventing it from causing voltage spikes .

Q: How does the cut-off and saturation regions affect the operation of a transistor switch?

The cut-off region in a transistor occurs when the base-emitter junction is not sufficiently forward biased, meaning no base current flows, and thus, the collector current is nearly zero, effectively turning off the switch . In the saturation region, the base-emitter junction is forward biased sufficiently enough, allowing maximum current to flow through the collector, which turns the transistor fully on. The collector-emitter voltage drops close to zero, and the transistor acts like a closed switch .

Q: What is the impact of temperature on the resistance of a semiconductor, and how is it different from other materials?

Semiconductors exhibit a negative temperature coefficient of resistance, meaning their resistance decreases as temperature increases. This is due to the increased energy that frees more charge carriers, contrary to conductors wherein increased temperature typically causes increased resistance due to increased lattice vibrations scattering electrons. This property must be considered in thermal management and circuit design to ensure consistent performance over varying operating temperatures .

Q: How can a Darlington transistor configuration be beneficial in electronic circuits in terms of current gain and base current requirements?

A Darlington transistor configuration pairs two transistors in such a way that the current amplification factor (beta) is the product of the current gains of the two transistors, offering a significantly higher current gain compared to a single transistor. This configuration allows a much smaller base current to control a larger collector current, making it advantageous in applications where high current gain is necessary but driving current is limited .

The document contains a set of 100 objective questions and answers related to electrical engineering concepts, including topics on transistors, diodes, electrical measurements, and various electrical instruments. Each question is followed by multiple-choice options and the correct answer is indicated. This assignment serves as a study guide for students in the field of electrical engineering.

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Electrical Engineering 215 Quiz: 100 Q&A

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ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 215 ASSIGNMENT

100 OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

1. When the base wire of a transistor is left floating and no current passes through it, the transistor
is said to be___
A. Forward biased
B. Reverse biased
C. Cut-off
D. Saturated

Answer C

2. The base emitter voltage in a cut-off region of a transistor is ___

A. Less than 0.7V
B. Equal to 0.7V
C. Greater than 0.7V
D. Cannot be predicted

Answer C

3. In the case of motor meters, the speed of rotation is __

A. Directly proportional to the current flow through the circuit and inversely proportional to
the power.
B. Inversely proportional to the current flow and to power.
C. Inversely proportional to the current and directly proportional to power.
D. Directly proportional to the current flow and power
Answer D

4. Electrical measurements are method/variations used to measure and calculate____

A. Power
B. Electrical quantities
C. Voltage
D. Current
Answer B
5. Kilowatt-hour (kwh) is the billing unit equivalent to___
A. 36000 joules
B. 3600000 watts
C. 3600000 joules
D. 36000 watts
Answer C
6. Transistor switch operates in cut-off and __?
A. Triode Region
B. Linear Region
C. Saturation Region
D. Break down Region
Answer C
7. Torque weight ratio will be least in __ instrument
A. Dynamometer
B. Mixing Iron
C. Moving Coil
D. All of the above
Answer A
8. The term bias means?
A. The ratio of majority carriers to minority carriers.
B. The amount of current across the P-N junction.
C. A DC voltage applied across the P-N junction to control its operations.
D. None of the above.
Answer C
9. When forward biased, a diode ....
A. Blocks current
B. Conducts current
C. Has a high resistance
D. Drops a large voltage
Answer B
10. Silicon is preferred for manufacturing zener diodes because it…
A. Its relatively cheap
B. Needs lower doping level
C. Has higher temperature and current capacity
D. Has lower breakdown voltage
Answer C
11. When used in a circuit, a zener diode is always…
A. Forward biased
B. Connected in series
C. Troubled by overheating
D. Reversed biased
Answer D
12. The essential elements of an electronic instrument are….
A. Transducer
B. Signal conditioner
C. Indicating device
D. All of the above
Answer D
13. A multimeter is used to measure …
A. Resistance
B. Current
C. Voltage
D. All of the above
Answer D
14. An ammeter with a 100ohms meter resistance and a full scale deflection current of 10mA, is to be
shunted to measure current from 1 to 20mA. Find I. Rsh II. R’m**
A. 10 ohms and 20 ohms
B. 25 ohms and 20 ohms
C. 100 ohms and 50 ohms
D. 15 ohms and 30 ohms
Answer C
15. Conventional current flows from the __ terminal of the battery through the circuit and the back
the __ terminal.
A. Positive, Negative
B. NPN, PNP
C. PNP, NPN
D. Negative, Positive
Answer A
16. A single thermocouple provides…
A. Less than 0.7mV
B. More than 0.7mV
C. Less than 40mV
D. More than 40mV
Answer C
17. In cut-off characteristics, base emitter voltage V<be> is…
A. <0.7V
B. >0.7V
C. >40mV
D. <40mV
Answer A
18. When a transistor operates at switch collector, current is zero at?
A. Cut-off region
B. Active region
C. Trivid region
D. Saturation region
Answer A
19. Collector emitted voltage is equal to collector voltage at?
A. Cut-off region
B. Active region
C. Saturated region
D. Break down region
Answer A
20. The switching of power with a PNP transistor is called?
A. Sourcing current
B. Sinking current
C. Forward current
D. Reverse current
Answer A
21. The switching of power with a NPN transistor is called?
A. Sourcing current
B. Sinking current
C. Forward current
D. Reverse current
Answer B
22. Resistance can be measured with the help of
A. Wattmeters
B. Voltmeters
C. Ammeters
D. Ohmmeters
Answer D
23. A zener diode behaves like a __ source in the breakdown region
A. Constant power
B. Constant voltage
C. Constant resistance
D. Constant current
Answer B
24. A crystal diode is used as ___
A. Voltage regulator
B. Amplifier
C. Rectifier
D. Oscillator
Answer C
25. A zener diode is used as a __
A. Voltage regulator
B. Rectifier
C. Amplifier
D. Oscillator
Answer A
26. A semiconductor has generally __ valence electrons
A. 2
B. 6
C. 3
D. 4
Answer D
27. The unit of electrical charge is __
A. Coulomb
B. Joule
C. Watt
D. Volt
Answer A
28. A permanent magnet moving coil type ammeter and a moving iron type ammeter is connected in
series with the output of a half wave rectifier. If the moving iron type instrument reads 5-ampere,
magnet moving coil type instrument is likely to be
A. Zero
B. 5A
C. 3.18A
D. 2.5A
Answer D
29. Resistances can be measured with the help of…
A. Wattmeters
B. Voltmeters
C. Ammeters
D. Ohmmeters and Resistance bridges
Answer D
30. Induction type single phase energy meters measure electric energy in…
A. kW
B. Wh
C. kWh
D. VAR
Answer C
31. What is the percentage voltage regulation of short transmission line if its sending end and
receiving end voltages are 160 KV and 132 KV respectively?
A. 30%
B. 21.21%
C. 12.12%
D. 38.22%
Answer B
32. The sensitivity of a multimeter is given in …….
A. Ohms
B. Amperes
C. Kilo-ohms per volts
D. None of the above
Answer C
33. Materials with free electrons is termed?
A. Filters
B. Insulators
C. Conductors
D. Semi-conductors
Answer C
34. An ammeter is an electrical instrument used for measuring?
A. Current
B. Voltage
C. Resistance
D. None of the above
Answer A
35. A semi-conductor has ___ temperature co-efficient of resistance
A. Negative
B. Positive
C. Zero
D. All of the above
Answer A
36. One of the following statement is true about a p_type semi-conductor
A. The electrons are more than the holes.
B. The holes and the electrons are equal.
C. The holes are more than the electrons.
D. None of the above.
Answer C
37. In a common base configuration, the emitter current is 1mA. The emitter circuit is opened and
collector current is 50mA. Find the total collector current, given alpha=0.92.
A. 0.92
B. 0.13
C. 0.87
D. 0.47
Answer A
38. The maximum ripple voltage present for a full wave rectifier circuit can be determined by…
A. Frequency
B. Load current
C. Capacitor
D. All of the above
Answer D
39. Using the transistor values of Beta= 200, Ic= 4mA and Ib= 20mA, find the value of the base resistor
(Rb) required to switch the load fully “ON” when the input terminal voltage exceeds 2.5v.
A. 70 Kohms
B. 80 Kohms
C. 90 Kohms
D. 100 Kohms
Answer C
40. Which type of diode is normally/generally used for high frequency rectifier?
A. Power diode
B. Schottly diode
C. Zener diode
D. All of the above
Answer B
41. Which other material/element can be used manufacture power diode except for silicon
A. Phosphorus
B. Germanium
C. Gallium
D. Boron
Answer C
42. In zener diode, the zener breakdown takes place
A. Above 6v
B. Below 6v
C. At 6v
D. None of the above
Answer B
43. If voltage supply to the energy meter is more than the rated value, energy meter will run
A. Slow
B. Fast
C. Either of the above
D. None of the above
Answer A
44. Aluminium is selected as the material for rotating disc of energy meter because
A. It is a good conductor
B. It is light
C. It is indigenously available
D. All of the above
Answer D
45. In a PN junction with no external voltage, the electric field between acceptor and donor ions is
called a __
A. Peak
B. Barrier
C. Threshold
D. Path
Answer B
46. The capacitance of a reverse biased PN junction
A. Increases as reverse bias is increased
B. Decreases as reverse bias is increased
C. Increases as reverse bias is decreased
D. Is insignificantly low
Answer C
47. For a PN junction diode, the current in reverse bias may be …
A. Few milliamperes
B. Between 0.2A and 15A
C. Few amperes
D. Few micro or nano amperes
Answer D
48. Controlled current through a transistor must go between __ and __
A. Collector and base
B. Base and emitter
C. Collector and emitter
D. All of the above
Answer C
49. Which of the following are integrating instruments
A. Ammeters
B. Voltmeter
C. Wattmeters
D. Ampere-hour and watt-hour meters
Answer D
50. How many types of induction are there?
A. 5
B. 7
C. 2
D. 4
Answer C
51. Voltmeter are classified into how many groups?
A. 10
B. 5
C. 3
D. 7
Answer D
52. A voltmeter is an electrical instrument used to measure ___
A. Current
B. Voltage
C. Resistance
D. None of the above
Answer B
53. Which of the following essential features is possessed by an inducting instrument?
A. Deflecting device
B. Damping device
C. Controlling device
D. All of the above
Answer D
54. An induction meter can handle current up to?
A. 100A
B. 80A
C. 50A
D. 10A
Answer A
55. The current in a zener diode is controlled by?
A. Zener diode resistance
B. Potential barrier
C. External circuits
D. Reverse bias voltage
Answer C
56. In relays or solenoids the use of a flywheel diode placed across the load is to….
A. Dissipate the back emf generated by inductive load when transistor switches off.
B. Withhold the back emf generated by the inductive load when the transistor is switched off.
C. Dissipate the back emf generated be the inductive load when the transistor is switched on.
D. None of the above
Answer A
57. The use of Darlington transistors in circuits helps to….
A. Increase the current gain for much smaller base current.
B. Reduce the current gain for much smaller base current.
C. Steady the current gain for very large base current.
D. All of the above
Answer A
58. Which of the following are the types of induction meters
A. Single phase type
B. Three phase type
C. All of the above
D. None of the above
Answer C
59. Which of the following is one of the characteristics of a Cut-off region
A. Base-collector junction is forward biased.
B. Base-collector junction is reverse biased.
C. The input and base are connected to Vcc.
D. All of the above
Answer B
60. The following are the types of measuring instruments except;
A. Moving iron instrument
B. Electrodynamometer type wattmeter
C. Single phase type
D. Induction type meters
Answer C
61. Vdc and the current Idc flowing through a 50 ohm resistor connected to a 240Vrms single phase
half-wave rectifier. Calculate the DC power consumed by the load.
A. 108watts
B. 233.28watts
C. 116watts
D. 117.05watts
Answer B
62. The following are used as dopants to form the anode (n+) except;
A. Gallium
B. Germanium
C. Arsenic
D. Phosphorus
Answer A
63. One of the following is a measurable independent electrical quantity
A. Inductance
B. Capacitance
C. Voltage
D. Voltage gain
Answer C
64. The diode which is often used for voltage regulation in electronic circuit is called?
A. Zener
B. Varactor
C. Silicon
D. Germanium
Answer A
65. The __ is an instrument which measures resistance of a quantity.
A. Ohmmeter
B. Ammeter
C. Resistor
D. Voltmeter
Answer A
66. The following are types of watt-hour meter except;
A. Electrochemical type induction meter
B. Mechanical type energy meter
C. Electronic energy meter
D. Smart energy meter
Answer B
67. The following are types of ohmmeter except;
A. Rectifier type ohmmeter
B. Series ohmmeter
C. Shunt ohmmeter
D. Multi range ohmmeter
Answer A
68. In a zener diode with high breakdown voltage,
A. Both P and N are lightly doped
B. Both P and N are heavily doped
C. Either P or N are lightly doped
D. None of the above
Answer A
69. Advantage of D’Arsonval instrument
A. No hysteresis
B. Lower power consumption
C. They have uniform scale
D. All of the above
Answer D
70. Which of the following error is found in permanent magnet moving coil instrument
A. Error due to eddy current
B. Error due to pressure coil inductance
C. Error due to aging of spring
D. Error due to pressure coil capacitance
Answer C
71. In electrical measuring instruments, electrical energy is converted to;
A. Heat energy
B. Mechanical energy
C. Chemical energy
D. Light energy
Answer B
72. When an ammeter is inserted in a circuit, the current in the circuit __?
A. Increases
B. Decreases
C. Remain the same
D. None of the above
Answer B
73. The input resistance of a VTVM is about___?
A. 1000 ohms
B. 10 kilo-ohms
C. 20 kilo-ohms
D. 10 milli-ohms
Answer D
74. Zener diodes are also known as___?
A. Voltage regulators
B. Forward bias diode
C. Breakdown diodes
D. None of the above
Answer C
75. A Rectifier___?
A. Step up current
B. Step down current
C. Converts AC to DC
D. Converts DC to AC
Answer C
76. Power diodes are semi-conductors pn_functions capable of high voltage values for use in__?
A. DC power supplies
B. AC power supplies
C. Rectifier circuits
D. Transistor switching
Answer C
77. In the braking system of an energy meter, the speed of the disk can be controlled by__?
A. Clamping the brake magnet
B. Rotating the disk
C. Changing the flux
D. Changing the rate at which Eddy currents is induced in the rotating disk
Answer C
78. In PNP transistor, the base will be__?
A. P-material
B. N-material
C. Either of the above
D. None of the above
Answer B
79. Most of the holes in the base of a PNP transistor flow__?
A. Into the collector
B. Into the emitter
C. Into the supply
D. Out of the base
Answer A
80. The device which acts like an NPN and a PNP transistor connected base to base and emitter to
collector is __?
A. SCR
B. UJT
C. Diac
D. Triac
Answer A
81. Components that eliminates the fluctuations in rectified voltage and produces a relatively smooth
DC voltage is __
A. Rectifier
B. Modulator
C. Filter
D. Amplifier
Answer C
82. A zener diode has ………
A. One pn junction
B. Two pn junctions
C. Three pn junctions
D. None of the above
Answer A
83. What is a two terminal that conducts in only one direction__?
A. Diode
B. Resistor
C. Capacitor
D. Inductor
Answer A
84. Power diode are primarily manufactured with;
A. Silicon and Gallium Aresinde
B. Gallium and Thorium
C. Silicon and Aluminium
D. All of the above
Answer A
85. Current base part of a transistor behaves like__?
A. A resistance
B. Constant current source
C. Forward base diode
D. None of the above
Answer B
86. Which of the following is an essential part of a meter?
A. An operating torque system
B. A braking device
C. Revolution registering device
D. All of the above
Answer D
87. When the power diode is forward biased, the excess P type carriers from anode are injected into
the ___ layer.
A. n+ epitaxy
B. epitaxy
C. n- epitaxy
D. All of the above
Answer C
88. For a power diode that is rated with 1000A of forward current, ___ of reverse current flows.
A. 100mA
B. 10mA
C. 0.5mA
D. 0.05mA
Answer A
89. The important parameters to consider when choosing a suitable smoothing capacitor are?
A. Working voltage
B. Capacitance value
C. Rectifier
D. A&B only
Answer D
90. In majority of instruments damping is provided by___?
A. Fluid friction
B. Spring
C. Eddy currents
D. All of the above
Answer C
91. A device that allows the flow of current in one direction is ___?
A. Relay
B. Inductor
C. Diode
D. Capacitor
Answer C
92. Which of the following devices may be used for extending the range of instruments?
A. Shunts
B. Multipliers
C. Current transformers
D. All of the above
Answer D
93. One of the following explains how a transistor amplifies current.
A. It adds its current to the one from the battery.
B. It reduces the amount of current needed by the load.
C. It controls the amount of current drawn from the battery to the load.
D. It increases the voltage of the battery.
Answer C
94. Which of the following is the minimum voltage needed to switch on a bi-polar transistor?
A. 0.5v
B. 0.7v
C. 1.2v
D. 6.0v
Answer B
95. The depletion region acts as___?
A. A capacitor
B. An inductor
C. A conductor
D. An insulator
Answer D
96. ____ provides uncontrolled rectification of power.
A. Power diodes
B. Inverters
C. AC rectifier
D. Battery
Answer A
97. Zener diode can be identified by the terminal by observing a ___ colour ring at the cathode
terminal.
A. Black
B. Blue
C. Yellow
D. Pink
Answer A
98. Which of the following explains Half-wave rectifier?
A. The input power supply may be either a single-phase or a multi-phase supply.
B. The input power supply is single-phase only.
C. The input power supply is multi-phase only.
D. None of the above
Answer A
99. What type of Rectifier is produced when a number of power diode are connected together?
A. Half-wave Rectifier
B. Bridge Rectifier
C. Full-wave Rectifier
D. Power diode Rectifier
Answer C
100. Which type of single phase rectifier uses four individual rectifying diodes connected in a closed
loop “bridge” configuration to produce the desired output.
A. Diode Bridge Rectifier
B. Full-wave Bridge Rectifier
C. Negative Half-cycle
D. Positive Half-cycle
Answer B

NAMES OF STUDENTS THAT PARTICIPATED

1. INEGBEDION PASCAL OMON FNG/18/19/254830
2. CLINTON EROMOSELE OJIEZELE FNG/18/19/256547
3. AJAGBA GODGIFT ELVIS FNG/18/19/259746
4. ONYENWOSA ONYEKA FESTUS FNG/18/19/252243
5. KENNETH EMMANUEL OGECHUKWU FNG/18/19/252699
6. AKPAN BRIGHT UWANA FNG/18/19/252665
7. OGHALEZI OLUWASEUN ISRAEL FNG/18/19/252268
8. ELEH CHIBUGO AGATHA FNG/18/19/252216
9. UZU PRECIOUS FNG/18/19/254083
10. MINAMA LAKEMEFA BLESSING FNG/18/19/253402
11. OBIAZI ANDERSON UZOMECHINE FNG/18/19/253235
12. ROEVARIE EMMANUEL OGHENEFEGOR FNG/18/19/252828
13. OVILI IFEANYI PRAISE FNG/18/19/254796
14. CHINEDU BENJAMIN IFEANYI FNG/18/19/252406
15. PETER IWEGBUE FNG/18/19/254691
16. GABRIEL CHUKWUEMEKA EMMANUEL FNG/18/19/252569
17. OKIEMUTE EBRUPHIYOR PROMISE FNG/18/19/252738
18. GODWIN CHINONSO PROSPER FNG/18/19/252820
19. EMEKA KESTER CHIBUZOR FNG/18/19/252498
20. AZESI GODSWILL NWACHUKWU FNG/18/19/252597
21. ODIGIE PRECIOUS FNG/18/19/252830
22. UCHEAGWU EMMANUEL CHIMUANYA FNG/18/19/252587
23. ALUTOSA ESTHER IKELEGBE FNG/18/19/252250
24. AKPIENBI GODWIN OLUWAFEMI FNG/18/19/252448
25. MAFIANA EBUBECHUKWU UZEZI FNG/18/19/252252
26. IWEANYA DANIEL FNG/18/19/252242
27. EDEMODU EDOZIE DESTINY FNG/18/19/254024
28. IKPONMWOSA ENDURANCE FNG/18/19/255879
29. EFEFARORO ONORODE CLEMENT FNG/18/19/252835
30. OKAKWU CHUKWUNONSO JAMES FNG/18/19/254261
31. SUWARPOR JOSHUA FAVOUR FNG/18/19/252340
32. CHIJIOKE JOEL CHINEMELUM FNG/18/19/255070
33. OGWAZE PETER OCHUKO FNG/18/19/253989
34. MADUKA-EZEAGBOR KIDOCHUKWU FNG/18/19/252283
35. UMUGHENE GLORY AGHOGHO FNG/18/19/252276
36. OKAFOR CHRISTIAN CHUKWUKA FNG/18/19/255295
37. JIDEOFOR JEOFREY FNG/18/19/254647
38. AZIKIWE GIFT FESTUS FNG/18/19/252562
39. OKALUDO DAVID IFEANYICHUKWU FNG/18/19/254009

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