Development

Q1. What do you mean by the term “development”?

Ans Different people have different inspirations and desire any positive change in the life of a
person/ society will be termed as development

Q 2. Write the developmental goal for farmers who depend only on rain for growing crops.
Ans. Developmental goal for a farmer which depend only on rain for growing crops.
● Better irrigation facilities
● Better production of crop
Q [Link] the developmental goals for a ruler women from a land owning family.
Ans Developmental goals for a rural women from a land owning family.
● Getting higher education
● Taking part on policies

Q [Link] The developmental goals for urban unemployed youth.

Ans Developmental goals for an urban unemployed youth.
● Getting some job opportunities
● help from the government to run his own business

Q [Link] the developmental goals for a boy from a rich urban family.
Ans Developmental goals for a boy from rich urban family
● Going abroad for higher education
● Freedom to decide what he wants to do in his life

Q 6. Write the developmental goals for a girl from a rich urban family.
Ans Mental goals for a girl from rich urban family.
● Getting as much freedom as her brother.
● Pursue her education abroad

Q 7. Write the developmental goals for an adivasi from Narmada Valley

Ans Developmental goal for an adivasi from Narmada Valley.
● No Dam construction in that area
● Proper rehabilitation facilities, if displaced
Q [Link] the developmental goals for landless rural labourers.
Ans. Developmental goals for landless rural labourers:
● Quality education to their children
● No social discrimination.
● Better wages and more days to work.
Q 9. Write the developmental goals for prosperous farmers from Punjab.
Ans. Developmental goals for prosperous farmers from Punjab.
● Higher minimum support prices for their crops.
● Hardworking and cheap labourers.
● Settle their children abroad.
Q10. Why do different individuals have different as well as conflicting notions of developmental
goals?
Or
Explain common different and conflicting goals by giving appropriate examples.
Ans. Different balls may be common different or conflicting.
● Common goals: there are some needs which are common to all like income, freedom,
equality, security etc
● Different goals: development or progress does not mean the same things for every
individual. Each individual has his own idea of development. For example development for a
farmer might be irrigation facilities for an unemployed might be irrigation facilities for an
unemployed youth, it may been employment opportunities.
● Conflicting goals: what may be development for some may become destruction for some
may become destruction for some others. Example Industrialist may want dams for
electricity but such dams would displace the negative of a region by submerging their lands
Q11..Differentiate between material and non material goals.
Ans. Material goals: It includes income or money.
● It can be measured
● One can buy with it.
Non material Goals:
● It includes freedom, respect, security etc.
● It cannot be measured
● One cannot but it.
Q 12. What is national development ? What are the aspects covered under the national
development?
Ans National development means the ideology of different persons regarding countries
development. These ideologies could be at times conflicting. It is measured by average income and
per capita income. The following aspects or points are covered under the national development.
● If there are conflicts how does one decide?
● We also have to think whether there is better way of doing things.
● Would the idea benefits a larger number of people or only a small group?

Q 13. “Money cannot buy all the goods and services that a person may need to live well”. Explain the
statement with suitable examples.
Ans. Money cannot buy all the goods and services that a person may need to live well. Income by
itself is not a completely adequate indicator of material good and services that citizens are able to
use. For example, normally money cannot buy a pollution free environment or ensure that a person
gets unadulterated medicines, unless a person can afford to shift to a community that already has all
these things. Money may also not be able to protect individual from infection, disease, unless the
whole of our community takes preventive step.
Q14. Define - (a) Infant mortality rate (b) Literacy rate (c ) Net attendance ratio
Ans. Infant mortality rate rate can be defined as the total number of children that die before the age
of one year out of 1000 live children born in that particular year.
● Literacy rate can be defined as the proportion of literate population in the age group of 7
years and above.
 ● Net attendance ratio can be defined as the total number of children of 6-10 years age group
attending the school out of the total number of children in the same age group
Q15. Is per capita income a true measure of development? Elaborate.
Ans. Per capita income is the average income. It is income per head of the population per year
● Per capita income = Total income of country/ Total population
● It is not an adequate indicator because:
● It does not tell us how this income is distributed. per capita income might not be the
income of every individual in the state.
● life expectancy and infant mortality rate are other important criteria for measuring
development.
● Education and literacy level are other indicators of development.
● Pollution free environment, less corruption, gender equality etc. are also important.

[Link] is the main Criterion used by World Bank in classifying different countries? describe its
limitations
Ans. Income is the base for comparison by World Bank.
● Narrow concept of development.
● Countries are divided into rich and poor.
● If the per capita income is 453000 per annum,the concerned country is a rich country. if the
per capita income is 37000 per annum, the concerned country is a poor country.
● United Nations Development Programme has used the criterion of Human Development
Index to measures that development of countries as HDI is calculated on the basis of:
(a) Per Capita income
(b) Life Expectancy
(c )Literacy rate
(d) Gross enrolment ratio.
Q17. Describe Body Mass Index.
Ans Body Mass Index tell us that a person is undernourished or not but it is not applicable for
growing children.
● BMI can be calculated by taking the weight of a person in (kg) and height (metres). Then
divide the weight by the square of the height of a person.
● If the result is less than 18.5 then the person is undernourished and if more than 25 then the
person is overweight.
Q18. Explain the three components of Human Development Index.
Or
Write the importance of human development index in three points
Or
Write a note on Human Development Index
Ans Indicates the level of development of a country.
● Indicates what country how far it has travelled and how far it has yet to travel to achieve
higher ranks in matter search a per capita income of the people
● One comes to know the important welfare elements such as by life expectancy, literacy,
educational level of people etc.
Q19. Besides income, what can be the other attributes to compare economic development.
Ans Income is not only the Criterion but it is only of the important indicators of economic
development. some of the Other attributes are:
● Infant mortality rate - it is an indicator of the availability of doctors and medical facilities in
the region as well as the awareness of the people living there in regard to diseases and its
prevention. Infant mortality rate indicates good medical facilities and all round development
in the society. A higher rate will be an economic loss for the region as well as the effect is
wasted, which efforts have been harnessed.
● Literacy rate - It is an indicator of the number of schools and teachers available in a region
and also indicates whether the facilities are being used or not due to societal pressures. Low
literacy rate shows backwardness and there will not be fast economic growth.
● life expectancy- This is also an indicator of available health facilities. Low life expectancy
will be a hindrance to economic development.
Q20. In which areas groundwater is over used?
Ans . Groundwater is over used in agriculturally prosperous region of Punjab, Haryana and western
UP hard rock plateau areas of control and South India some coastal areas and in urban areas

Q21. Why groundwater is overused?

Ans. Groundwater is over used because of growing population, more demand for irrigation, growing
number of industries, urban lifestyle etc.

[Link] is sustainable development? explain any four measures to promote sustainable

development.
Ans Development without environmental degradation and with conservation of resources for future
generations is known as sustainable development.
Measures to promote sustainable development:
● Increase use of renewable resources.
● less use of fossil fuels
● introduction of organic farming
● adopting measures to reduce global warming.

Q23. “The earth has enough resources to meet the needs of all but not enough to satisfy the greed
of even one person.” How is this statement relevant to the discussion of development? Explain.
Ans. Mahatma Gandhi gave this statement:
● It means that the earth has abundant resources to satisfy everyone's needs but in our be
had hurry to develop we have been recklessly exploiting these resources.
● In the name of development we have indulged in activities such as deforestation,
overgrazing, overuse of groundwater, use of plastics etc.
● The exploitation of natural resources not only harm the environment but may cripple the
future generations of the development process itself.
● If fossil fuels are exhaust in the development of all countries would be at risk
● Thus, there is a need for conservation and judicious use of resources for development