Earthquake load calculation using BNBC- 2020
Static Analysis
Table of Contents
Problem Statement .......................................................................................................................... 1
Lateral Seismic Force Coefficient calculation, Sa .......................................................................... 1
Calculation of Building Period (T).............................................................................................. 2
Calculation of Normalized Acceleration Response Spectrum (Cs) ............................................. 3
Determining TD, TC ................................................................................................................. 3
Determining Z, I, R values ...................................................................................................... 4
Lateral Seismic Force Coefficient (Sa) Calculation:................................................................... 5
Calculation of Design Base Shear................................................................................................... 6
Vertical Distribution of Base Shear ............................................................................................ 6
Frame-wise distribution of force (acting against the long facade) ................................................. 7
Problem Statement
Determine the critical lateral loads for a rigid frame building 36.6 m long with the frames spaced
at 9.14m in the center. Story heights are 3.048m. The weight of each floor is assumed to be
constant, w1=w2=w3=7119 kN. The building is situated in Mymensingh city and is intended for
residential use. The soil is a loose to medium-cohesionless soil. Consider the lateral forces acting
against the long façade.
Solution
Idealizing the building structure (frame-wise):
Figure 01: Frame idealization of the state problem
We know the Design Base Shear, V=SaW
Where,
Sa= Lateral seismic force coefficient. It is the design spectral acceleration (in units of g)
corresponding to the building period T
W= Total seismic weight of the building
Lateral Seismic Force Coefficient calculation, Sa
According to equation (6.2.34)
2 𝑍𝐼
Sa= 3𝑅 Cs
Where,
Sa= Design spectral acceleration (in units of g) which shall not be less than 0.67βZIS
β= Coefficient used to calculate the lower bound for Sa. The recommended value for β is 0.11
Z= Seismic zone coefficient.
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I= Structure importance factor
𝐼
R= Response reduction factor which depends on the type of structural system. The ratio 𝑅 cannot
be greater than one.
Cs= Normalized acceleration response spectrum, which is a function of structure (building)
period and soil type (site class).
Calculation of Building Period (T)
The building period T (in sec) may be approximated by the following formula (equation 6.2.38):
T= Ct(hn)m
Where,
hn= Height of building in metres from foundation or from top of rigid basement. This excludes
the basement storeys, where basement walls are connected with the ground floor deck or fitted
between the building columns. But it includes the basement storeys when they are not so
connected.
Table 01: Coefficients to estimate approximate period (Ct,m), (BNBC Table: 6.2.20)
Let’s assume the structure is a Concrete moment-resisting frame, thereby Ct=0.0466, and m= 0.9
The Building Period, T=Ct(hn)m=0.0466*(3*3.048)0.9=0.3415 sec
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Calculation of Normalized Acceleration Response Spectrum (Cs)
Equations to calculate Cs (equations 6.2.35(a-d))
Figure 02: Normalized design acceleration response
spectrum for different site classes. (BNBC Figure 6.2.26)
where,
η=Damping correction factor as a function of damping with a reference value of η=1 for 5%
viscous damping.
Determining TD, TC
Table 02: Site Classification based on Soil Properties (BNBC Table 6.2.13)
According to the characteristics of soil (loose to medium cohesionless soil), it coincides with the
site class SD
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Table 03: Values of S, TB, TD, TC (BNBC Table 6.2.16)
Let’s consider the soil type SD, therefore, S=1.35, TB=0.20 s, Tc=0.8 s, TD=2.0 s
The calculated, T=0.3415 s
The condition applies here as TB (0.2) <T (0.3415) <TC (0.8)
Therefore the equation: Cs=2.5Sη= 2.5 x 1.35 x 1= 3.375
Determining Z, I, R values
Zone coefficient, Z:
Table 04: Zone Coefficient (BNBC Table 6.2.14)
The project is located in zone 4 (Mymensingh District), as alluded to in the problem, Z=0.36
Structure Importance Factor, I:
Table 05: Structure importance factor (BNBC Table 6.2.17)
Considering the Importance factor I = 1.00
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Response Reduction Factor, R:
Table: 06: Response Reduction Factor (BNBC Table 6.2.19)
MOMENT RESISTING FRAME SYSTEMS (no shear wall) → Ordinary reinforced concrete
moment frames:
Response Reduction Factor, R=3
System Overstrength Factor, Ωo=3
Lateral Seismic Force Coefficient (Sa) Calculation:
2 𝑍𝐼 2𝑥 0.36 𝑥 1.0
Sa= 3𝑅 Cs= x 3.375=0.27
3𝑥3
Here Seismic weight = (3x 7119)+((3x 7119)*25%)=21357 + 5339.25 KN=
26696.25=0.224809 x 26696.25= 6001.6 kips
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Calculation of Design Base Shear
Design Base Shear, V=SaW=0.27X 6001.6= 1620.432 kips
Vertical Distribution of Base Shear
From (equation 6.2.41)
𝑊𝑥 ℎ𝑥𝑘
Fx=𝑉 ∑𝑛 𝑘
𝑖=0 𝑊𝑖 ℎ𝑖
Where,
Fx= Part of base shear force induced at level x
Wi and Wx= Part of the total effective seismic weight of the structure (W) assigned to level for x
hi and hx= the height from the base to level I or x
k= 1 for structure period <= 0.5s
= 2 for structure period => 2.5 s
= linear interpolation between 1 and 2 for other periods
n= number of stories
The structural period of the assigned structure is 0.3415 s
Here, k=1
Note: If the structural period 1<T<2.5, for instance, T= 1.1899 s the following procedure would
need to be adopted:
2−1
by interpolation k =2.5−0.5x(1.1899-0.5)+1=1.34495
here Wi= (7119x0.224809)=1600.42 kips
Storey height, h= 3.048m = 10 ft
∑𝑛𝑖=0 𝑊𝑖 ℎ𝑖𝑘 = 1600.42 (101.0.+201.0+301.0) =96025.2
Table 07: Base Shear Distribution
Storey height Height above Wx (kip) Wx hik Fh (kips)
hx(ft) the base hi (ft)
10.0 10.0 1600.42 1600.42x101.0 1620.432 x
16004.2
= 270.1
=16004.2 96025.2
10.0 20.0 1600.42 32008.4 540.144
10.0 30.0 1600.42 48012.6 810.216
Ʃ 96025.2 1620.46
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Frame-wise distribution of force (acting against the long facade)
Table 08: Load Distribution of Frames
Figure 03: Partial Layout of Frame
Table: Frame Load Distribution
Storeys Fh(kips) Load on Frames (Kips)
1 2 3 4 5
01 270.1 33.76 67.52 67.52 67.52 33.76
02 540.144 67.518 135.04 135.04 135.04 67.518
03 810.216 101.3 202.554 202.554 202.554 101.3
Note: The load is distributed to the frame based on their contributary areas.
Figure 04: Vertical Distribution of Load for frame 03
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Figure 05: Vertical Load Distribution on Each Floor
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