STUDENT leukaemia D

oncology immediately and transfer the patient to a critical care unit.

Confirmatory
Acute diagnostic
leukemia Diagnostics tests [18][20][25]
Histopathological features should be assessed using bone marrow aspiration and biopsy. If unavailable, a
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peripheral blood smear may be sufficient.

Histopathological
MAXIMIZE features
TABLE of acute leukemia
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ALL
Histopathological features of acute leukemia AML

ALL AML
> 20% myeloblasts
Presence of recurrent genetic abnormalities, regardless of the
Blasts (in bone marrow or > 20% myeloblasts
> 20% lymphoblasts blast percentage
peripheral blood) [18][26] Presence of recurrent genetic abnormalities, regardless of the blast
Blasts (in bone marrow or AML: t(8;21), inv(16), or t(16;16)
> 20% lymphoblasts percentage
peripheral blood) [18][26]
APL: t(8;21),
AML: t(15;17) inv(16), or t(16;16)
APL: t(15;17)
Large blasts (2–4 times the size of an RBC)
Large
Blastsblasts
with(2–4 times
round orthe size of an RBC)nuclei that contain more
kidney-shaped
Small- to intermediate-sized blasts Blasts with round
cytoplasm than or
thekidney-shaped nuclei that contain more
blasts in ALL
[27] Small- to intermediate-sized blasts cytoplasm than the blasts in ALL
[27]
Prominent nucleoli
Prominent nucleoli
Blasts with large, irregular nuclei Fine granules
Blasts with large, irregular nuclei Fine granules
Cell morphology [25] (high(high
nuclear-cytoplasmic
nuclear-cytoplasmicratio) Leukemichiatus:
hiatus:
Cell morphology [25] ratio) Leukemic thethe presence
presence of blasts
of blasts and mature
and mature leukocytes
leukocytes but
Inconspicuous nucleoli
Inconspicuous nucleoli butintermediate
no no intermediate
forms forms
Coarse granules
Coarse granules Somesubtypes
Some subtypes (especially
(especially M3, M3, or exhibit
or APL) APL) exhibit Auer rods
Auer rods
No Auer rods Pink-red, rod-shaped granular cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in
malignant immature myeloblasts or promyelocytes
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) positive