EXPERIMENT NO.
3
AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT: To develop and evaluate toothpaste.
REFERENCES:
i. Jagtap A. M, Kavlage S.R, Kanse S.S, Sholke V.W, Gavade A.S, Vambhurkar G.B,
Tadkar R.R, Dange V.N, Preparation and Evaluation of Toothpaste, Asian Journal of
Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pg no. 191-194, 2018.
ii. Saloni S, Shailendra W, Preparation and Evaluation of Herbal Toothpaste, Asian
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Pg no. 1-5, 2016.
REQUIREMENTS:
i. Apparatus used: Mortar and pestle, spatula, beaker, measuring cylinder, glass rod,
water bath, weight (1kg).
ii. Chemicals required: Precipitated calcium carbonate, sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS),
starch, peppermint oil, sodium benzoate, glycerol, water.
THEORY:
Toothpaste is a paste or gel dentifrice used with a toothbrush to clean and maintain the aesthetic
and health of tooth. Toothpaste is used to promote oral health and hygiene. It is an abrasive
that aids in removing dental plaque and food from teeth, assist in supressing Halitosis, and
deliver active ingredient (most commonly fluoride) to help prevent tooth decade (dental
carries) and gum diseases (gingivitis).
Toothpaste contains the following ingredients:
i. Abrasives: These are used to remove food debris and residual stains of teeth and to
polish the teeth surface. Example- Precipitated calcium carbonate, dibasic calcium
carbonate, calcium pyrophosphate etc.
ii. Detergent and other foaming materials: These are used in toothpaste for there
foaming action. These materials lower surface tension thereby promoting penetration of
paste and help in removal of deposits and debris.
iii. Humectants: These are used to prevent toothpaste from drying out. They also impart
some plasticity to toothpaste. Example- Glycerine, sorbitol solution, propylene glycol.
iv. Binding agent: Binding agent disperse swell or absorbs water to form viscous liquid
faces. Example- natural gum (gum tragacanth), starch ether, cellulose derivatives
(carboxymethyl cellulose etc.
v. Sweetening and flavouring agents: They have great influence on the acceptance of the
product. Example- saccharin solution, peppermint, spearmint, anise, eucalyptus,
caraway etc.
vi. Other minor ingredients: Titanium dioxide, pH regulator, cellulose, ether, carrageenan
etc. the preparation of toothpaste can be carried out by two methods- dry gum and wet
gum method.
PROCEDURE:
Preparation of toothpaste by wet gum method:
- A dry mortar and pestle were taken. To this mortar and pestle, precipitated calcium
carbonate and sodium lauryl sulphate were added and triturated properly.
- Glycerol is added to the mortar containing precipitated calcium carbonate and sodium
lauryl sulphate and mixed properly.
- Another paste was made with starch and warm water which was added to the mortar
containing precipitated calcium carbonate and sodium lauryl sulphate.
- The remaining ingredients like peppermint oil and sodium benzoate were added to the
homogeneous paste with continuous stirring. It is mixed properly to uniform
distribution.
TABLE: TOOTHPASTE FORMULATION:
Raw materials Quantity (in g) Function
Precipitated calcium 45.7 Abrasive agent
carbonate
Sodium lauryl sulphate 1.2 Surfactant and foaming agent
Glycerol 28.2 Humectant
Starch 7 Binder
Sodium benzoate 2.2 Preservative
Peppermint oil 1.3 Flavouring agent
Water 14.4 Vehicle
EVALUATION OF TOOTHPASTE:
The quality control studies and evaluation tests are necessary in order to check the purity,
consistency and efficiency of product. The specific evaluation tests for dentifrices are as
follows:
1. Test for physical property:
- Colour of the prepared toothpaste was observed visually.
- Odour was found by smelling the product.
2. Determination of pH: 1g of toothpaste was taken in a 150ml beaker and 10 ml of freshly
boiled and cooled water (270C). was added. It was stirred well to make a through
suspension. The pH of the shampoo was determined within 5 minutes using digital pH
meter.
3. Foamability: The foamability of the sample was determined by taking a small amount of
preparation with water in a measuring cylinder. Initial volume was noted. It was shaken
10 times. Final volume was noted.
4. Rheological Property: Spreadability: The spreadabilty is a term expressed to donate the
extent of area to which the paste readily spreads the application area. One of the criteria
for the paste to meet ideal quantity is that it should possess good spreadability.
About 1g of the dental paste was weighed and kept at the centre of the glass plate and
another plate made of glass was placed over it. 1kg weight was placed at the centre of the
plate to avoid the sliding of the plate. The diameter of the paste is measured in cm after
15 minutes.
The spreadibility can be measured by using the formula:
S=m.l/t
Where, S = Spreadibility
M= weight tied to upper glass slide
l= length moved
t= time taken
5. Tube extrudability: The formulation under study was filled in a clean lacqured
aluminium collapsible tube, and pressure was applied on to the tube by pressing with a
finger. Tube extrudability was determined by measuring the amount of paste extruded
through the tip when a pressure was applied to the tube.
OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS:
1. Physical Properties evaluation:
- Colour: Off white
- Odour: Minty smell.
2. pH: The pH was found to be 8.
3. Foam volume: 4ml.
4. Spreadability:
Initial Diameter (in Final Diameter (in cm) Average (in cm)
cm)
1 3.3
3.33
1 3.5
1 3.2
5. Tube Extrudability:
Net weight of the tube in g =20g
Weight of toothpaste extruded in g =19.5
Percent Extrudability= × 100
.
= × 100
= 97.5%
LABELLING OF TOOTHPASTE:
TOOTHPASTE (100g)
Ingredients: Precipitated calcium carbonate Manufacturing License number: 7836
Sodium lauryl sulphate Manufacturing Date: 12-04-2023
Glycerol Manufacturing Batch Number: abc/66
Starch Expiry date: Best before 14 months from
Sodium benzoate manufacture
MRP- Rs 100 (including all of taxes)
Direction for use: FOR EXTERNAL USE ONLY
- Brush thoroughly at least twice a day or
as directed by dentist or physician. Warnings: Keep out of the reach of children
- Children under 6 years of age should under 6 years of age. If swallowed accidently
have adult supervision and use only a get medical help.
pea sized amount.
- Do not swallow.
DIBRUGARH UNIVERSITY
RESULT: A toothpaste was developed and it was evaluated for its physical properties, pH,
foamability and rheological properties such as spreadibility and extrudability. By evaluation of
toothpaste following information was found:
- The prepared toothpaste was off white in colour with minty odour.
- pH was found to be 8.
- Foam volume was 4ml which indicates that the toothpaste has a good foamability.
- Spreadability was found to be 3.33
- Tube extrudability was found to be 97.5%