DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
Descriptive text, is a text use to describe a person, place, or a thing
Social Function of Descriptive Text (Fungsi Sosial Teks Deskripsi)
To describe a particular person, place, thing, or animal.
Untuk memberikan gambaran rinci agar pembaca mengetahui bentuk, sifat, dan ciri objek
yang dideskripsikan.
Generic Structure Descriptive Text (Struktur Teks Deskriptif)
a. Identification : Pengenalan atau pernyataan umum tentang objek yang dideskripsikan.
b. description : Penjelasan lebih detail tentang ciri-ciri fisik, perilaku, keunikan, atau
fakta lain dari objek tersebut.
Contoh:
Identification: My cat is very adorable.
Description: It has white fur, blue eyes, and a fluffy tail. She loves to sleep all day and purrs
loudly.
Language Features Descriptive Text (Unsur Kebahasaan Teks Deksriptif)
A. Using Specific Object
Dalam sebuah teks deskriptif, objek yang dideskripsikan terfokus hanya pada 1 objek dan
disebutkan dengan spesifik.
B. Adjective
Descriptive text tidak terlepas dari adjective atau kata sifat. Saat mendeskripsikan suatu objek,
kita pasti menggunakan kata sifat, seperti besar, kecil, tinggi, pendek, pintar, ramah, dan lain
sebagainya.
Contoh: Hanni is so pretty. She has an oval face, rounded eyes, pointed nose, and long hair. She
is smart and friendly.
Adjective yang digunakan pada descriptive text di atas adalah pretty (cantik),
oval (oval/lonjong), rounded (bulat), pointed (mancung), long (panjang), smart (pintar),
dan friendly (ramah).
C. Adverb of Frequency
Adverb of frequency adalah kata keterangan yang berguna untuk menunjukkan seberapa sering
suatu kegiatan dilakukan.
Always : selalu
Usually : biasanya
Often : sering
Sometimes : kadang-kadang
Rarely : jarang
Never : tidak pernah
Every : setiap
contoh:
Hevi is a helpful and polite person. She often helps me to do my homework and always respects
the elders.
Dari deskripsi tersebut, penulis menggunakan adverb of frequency, yaitu often dan always.
D. Simple Present Tense
We use PRESENT SIMPLE to describe an action that is regular, true or normal.
We use the present tense:
1. For repeated or regular actions in the present time period.
I take the train to the office.
The train to Tabriz leaves every hour.
Sara sleeps eight hours every night during the week.
2. For facts.
The President of The USA lives in The White House.
A dog has four legs.
We come from Iran.
3. For habits.
I get up early every day.
Mina brushes her teeth twice a day.
They travel to their country house every weekend.
4. For things that are always / generally true.
It rains a lot in winter.
The Queen of England lives in Buckingham Palace.
They speak English at work.
A. Verbal Sentence (Kalimat Verba)
Kalimat yang menggunakan kata kerja (verb) sebagai predikat utama.
Rumus Verbal Sentence
Positif (Affirmative):
I / You / We / They + V1 (base form) + O
He / She / It + V1 + s/es + O
Contoh:
• I play football.
• She plays the piano.
Negatif (Negative):
I / You / We / They + don't + V1 +O
He / She / It + doesn't + V1 + O
Contoh:
• We don’t watch TV.
• He doesn’t eat meat.
Interogatif (Tanya):
Do + I/you/we/they + V1 + O?
Does + he/she/it + V1 + O?
Contoh:
• Do you like coffee?
• Does she go to school?
Penambahan -s/-es pada Verb
- -o, -ch, -sh, -ss, -x + es (go → goes, watch → watches)
- -y setelah huruf mati → -y jadi -ies (study → studies)
- -y setelah huruf vokal → tambah s (play → plays)
- Lainnya → tambah s (read → reads, eat → eats)
B. Nominal Sentence (Kalimat Nomina)
Kalimat yang tidak menggunakan kata kerja utama, tetapi menggunakan to be (is, am, are) dan
biasanya diikuti kata benda atau kata sifat.
Rumus Nominal Sentence
Positif (Affirmative):
I → am
You / We / They → are
He / She / It → is
Contoh:
• I am a teacher.
• She is smart.
• They are in the classroom.
Negatif (Negative):
I → am not
You / We / They → are not (aren’t)
He / She / It → is not (isn’t)
Contoh:
• I am not sick.
• He isn’t at school.
• We aren’t ready.
Interogatif (Tanya):
Am + I ...?
Are + you/we/they ...?
Is + he/she/it ...?
Contoh:
• Are you a student?
• Is she your sister?
• Am I wrong?
Keterangan Waktu yang Sering Digunakan Untuk Simple Present Tense
- Always
- Usually
- Often
- Sometimes
- Seldom
- Rarely
- Never
- Every day/week/year
- On Mondays, at night, etc.
EXERCISE
A. Lengkapi kalimat dengan bentuk yang tepat!
1. He ___ (go) to school at 7 a.m.
2. I ___ (not like) tea.
3. ___ she ___ (play) guitar?
4. They ___ (be) my classmates.
5. My father ___ (be not) at home.
6. He ___ (watch) TV every night.
7. I ___ (go) to school on foot.
8. She ___ (not like) pizza.
9. ___ you ___ (study) English?
10. What time ___ he ___ (wake up)?